• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.174-178
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find factors influencing needlestick and sharp injuries (NSI). Methods: This study was a descriptive research for current situation of NSI, recognition and implementation for standard precaution, and factors influencing NSI exposures. The subjects were 450 nursing students of 2 universities in Seoul and Kyunggi-do. The data were collected from June to November, 2008. The gathered data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Results: The 33.8% of 450 nursing students experienced NSI during 2 weeks clinical training. NSI events were more common among third-year students than second-year students. The most common causative device causing needlestick injuries was blood glucose lancet as 12.4%. Frequencies influencing NSI were students' year and experience of needlestick injuries. Conclusion: The results suggest development of education guidelines for nursing students and implementation of continual systematic education and training in clinic to control blood-borne infections efficiently.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.443-448
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• 2012

This study aims to investigate the relationship between various motivational factors and to identify other causative components affecting English learners' learning motivation(From March to Jun, 2012). In case of integrative motivation and instrumental motivation, there was a statistically significant difference among those who have studied in other countries. However, in the case of negative motivation, there was a statistically significant difference among those who have no learning experience in other countries. English learners' learning motivation between the students majoring in Liberal Arts and Others, learning contents and teaching methods were significant factors.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.57 no.9
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• pp.384-395
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• 2014

Febrile seizure (FS) is the most common seizure disorder of childhood, and occurs in an age-related manner. FS are classified into simple and complex. FS has a multifactorial inheritance, suggesting that both genetic and environmental factors are causative. Various animal models have elucidated the pathophysiological mechanisms of FS. Risk factors for a first FS are a family history of the disorder and a developmental delay. Risk factors for recurrent FS are a family history, age below 18 months at seizure onset, maximum temperature, and duration of fever. Risk factors for subsequent development of epilepsy are neurodevelopmental abnormality and complex FS. Clinicians evaluating children after a simple FS should concentrate on identifying the cause of the child's fever. Meningitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis for any febrile child. A simple FS does not usually require further evaluation such as ordering electroencephalography, neuroimaging, or other studies. Treatment is acute rescue therapy for prolonged FS. Antipyretics are not proven to reduce the recurrence risk for FS. Some evidence shows that both intermittent therapy with oral/rectal diazepam and continuous prophylaxis with oral phenobarbital or valproate are effective in reducing the risk of recurrence, but there is no evidence that these medications reduce the risk of subsequent epilepsy. Vaccine-induced FS is a rare event that does not lead to deleterious outcomes, but could affect patient and physician attitudes toward the safety of vaccination.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2012

Background: Deep neck infections (DNI) can originate from infection in the potential spaces and fascial planes of the neck. DNI can be managed without surgery, but there are cases that need surgical treatment, especially in the case of mediastinal involvement. The aim of this study is to identify clinical features of DNI and analyze the predisposing factors for mediastinal extension. Materials and Methods: We reviewed medical records of 56 patients suffering from DNI who underwent cervical drainage only (CD group) and those who underwent cervical drainage combined with mediastinal drainage for descending necrotizing mediastinitis (MD group) from August 2003 to May 2009 and compared the clinical features of each group and the predisposing factors for mediastinal extension. Results: Forty-four out of the 56 patients underwent cervical drainage only (79%) and 12 patients needed both cervical and mediastinal drainage (21%). There were no differences between the two groups in gender (p=0.28), but the MD group was older than the CD group (CD group, $44.2{\pm}23.2$ years; MD group, $55.6{\pm}12.1$ years; p=0.03). The MD group had a higher rate of co-morbidity than the CD group (p=0.04). The CD group involved more than two spaces in 14 cases (32%) and retropharyngeal involvement in 12 cases (27%). The MD group involved more than two spaces in 11 cases (92%) and retropharyngeal involvement in 12 cases (100%). Organism identification took place in 28 cases (64%) of the CD group and 3 cases of (25%) the MD group (p=0.02). The mean hospital stay of the CD group was $21.5{\pm}15.9$ days and that of the MD group was $41.4{\pm}29.4$ days (p=0.04). Conclusion: The predisposing factors of mediastinal extension in DNI were older age, involvement of two or more spaces, especially including the retropharyngeal space, and more comorbidities. The MD group had a longer hospital stay, higher mortality, and more failure to identify causative organisms of causative organisms than the CD group.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.201-208
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• 1998

Piglets' diarrhea is one of the major causes of economic loss in Korean swine industry. To prevent this serious and persistant problem, we have developed systemic farm evaluation and analysis program. The program consists of the checklist and the computerized program. The items of the checklist are selected on the basis of various causative factors related with the piglets' diarrhea including sanitational status, nutritional management, or farm environment. The checklist is composed of 30 items including 6 factors on facility, 8 factors on environment, 6 factors on nutrition and 10 factors on sanitation, respectively. Minimum 1 to maximum 10 points was assigned to each item depending on level or status of farm. The scores calculated by sum of points obtained from each item could find out the problems which the farm was confronted with. To investigate the applicability of a program 150 swine farms raising over 500 heads were selected from 7 provinces throughout the country and surveyed. There were significant correlations between the piglets' diarrhea and the scores of the checklist. Based on above results we revised the checklist which consisted of 22 items including 5 factors on facility, 7 factors on environment, 3 factors on nutrition and 7 factors on sanitation. After that we composed a computerized diagram out of each point of an item which showed and indicated weak factors to be improved promptly. Our present study suggested that this newly established swine farm evaluation program would be a very efficient way to find out the problems and support the systemic control program of the piglets' diarrhea for swine farms.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.214-229
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• 2021

There is an increasing need for complex and large projects to be carried out quickly. As the duration, size, and cost of the project increase, concerns about project failure are also rising. Finding factors that hinder the performance of an effective project and eliminating them in advance or controlling and managing them more effectively can be a more direct way to secure the success of the project. Previous studies have identified compositional dimensions that are classified according to attributes, covering the various obstacles that affect the success of the project through existing literature. It is a follow-up to previous research. Using DEMATEL techniques, we would like to propose to explore the appropriate measures that an entity and organization can take by identifying the causality between factors through cross-impact analysis of project disabilities and even presenting factors that may arise when they are identified. As a result of the analysis, according to the indicators to evaluate the importance, 8 factors were found to be relatively important factors, excluding the factors that Failure of project feasibility analysis and Technical environment change. In addition, 5 factors were found to be causative factors; Technical environment change, Unclarity project plan, Strategic consistency error, Inaccuracy of requirement definition, and Failure of project feasibility analysis. In contrast, the remaining 5 factors were found to be the result factors; Lack of benefits realization, Negative attitude of top management, Stakeholder conflict, Difficulty of process management, and Disturbance of communication.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.255-262
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• 2023

Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is an endemic but not well-studied disease of Korean native goats (KNG) in Korea. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the causative agent of the contagious and chronic CLA found in goats. This study aimed to validate the potential risk factors associated with CLA and assess its seasonal prevalence to mitigate this disease in KNG. Data were collected through a questionnaire from four high- and four low-prevalence farms randomly selected based on a prior investigation. The monthly assessments of CLA were conducted in a goat abattoir located in Jeonnam Province, Korea, to evaluate its seasonal prevalence. The associated risk factors for CLA in KNG herds imply that herd size, scratching against pillars, pipes, or walls in the herd, and disinfection of goat herds are potential risk factors for CLA (P<0.05). The type of floor and entry of new goats into the herd, which are potential risk factors, affected CLA prevalence in the KNG herd (P<0.2). The prevalence of CLA in KNG was significantly higher in spring (29.34%) than in autumn (14.61%), summer (15.31%), and winter (19.48%) (P<0.05). Based on the risk factor assessment, attention should be to establishing accurate preventive measures by avoiding these identified potential risk factors.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.648-652
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• 2010

Purpose: A brain abscess is a serious disease of the central nerve system. We conducted this study to summarize the clinical manifestations and outcomes of brain abscesses. Methods: A retrospective chart review of pediatric patients diagnosed with brain abscesses from November 1994 to June 2009 was performed at Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. Results: Twenty-five patients were included in this study. On average, 1.67 cases per year were identified and the median age was 4.3 years. The common presenting clinical manifestations were fever (18/25, 72%), seizure (12/25, 48%), altered mental status (11/25, 44%), and signs of increased intracranial pressure (9/25, 36%). A total of 14 (56%) patients had underlying illnesses, with congenital heart disease (8/25, 32%) as the most common cause. Predisposing factors were identified in 15 patients (60%). The common predisposing factors were otogenic infection (3/25, 12%) and penetrating head trauma (3/25, 12%). Causative organisms were identified in 64% of patients (16/25). The causative agents were $S$ $intermedius$ (n=3), $S$ $aureus$ (n=3), $S$ $pneumoniae$ (n=1), Group B streptococcus (n=2), $E.$ $coli$ (n=1), $P.$ $aeruginosa$ (n=1), and suspected fungal infection (n=5). Seven patients received medical treatment only while the other 18 patients also required surgical intervention. The overall fatality rate was 16% and 20% of patients had neurologic sequelae. There was no statistical association between outcomes and the factors studied. Conclusion: Although uncommon, a brain abscess is a serious disease. A high level of suspicion is very important for early diagnosis and to prevent serious consequences.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to determine which factors are related to perforated appendicitis. We also conducted a survey to identify the causative organism. Methods: From January 2011 to December 2014, 569 pediatric patients (322 male) younger than 19 years old who underwent an appendectomy due to acute appendicitis at Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital were enrolled. Patients' medical records were reviewed retrospectively to determine their clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging results, and pathogens. Results: About 127 patients (22%) had perforated appendicitis. The rate of perforated appendicitis in preschool, late childhood, and adolescent ages were 50%, 27%, and 16.8%, respectively. The risk factors of perforation were high C-reactive protein levels and the presence of appendiceal fecalith (P<0.001). Of the 24 samples of peritoneal fluid and periappendiceal pus that were collected intraoperatively, 16 were culture positive. The most common pathogen was Escherichia coli (n=10), and others were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. Conclusions: The perforation rate of appendicitis among patients younger than 5 years old was 50%, and this decreased in proportion with age. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of perforation when patients with appendicitis have high C-reactive protein levels or the presence of appendiceal fecalith on imaging.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.323-336
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• 1996

This is a retrospective study on the patients with infection of the oral and maxillofacial region with the purpose of obtaining some useful data for diagnosis and treatment plan of that relatively common disease in dentistry. The used materials of study were 87 in total, including 52 male patients, 35 female patients who diagnosed and treated at the Department of the Dentistry in Hanyang Medical College Hospital for the period of Jan. 1990 to Dec. 1994. The author analyzed the distribution and incidence of sex, age, admission period, etiologic factors, etiologic teeth, treatment method of infections, pus culture, antibiotics sensibilities and medication. The result obtained as follows : 1. The developmental incidences by sex was superior in male by the ratio of 1.5 : 1 and the infection was most frequently occurred during the third decades(35.6%). 2. The number of admitted patients elevated in February, March, and April, and average of admission period was 9.8 days. 3. Main etiologic teeth showed on lower molar region in adult(63%) and upper molar region in primary dentition(46.1%). 4. Medications were administrated in all of the cases, and surgical incision and drainage were performed in 53% and extraction of the causative teeth were performed in 63.6% of all cases. 5. The most common involved fascial spaces were Buccal space(41.4%), Infraorbital space(27.6%), Submandibular space(16.1%),in order, and 9 cases(10.3%) were Ludwig's Angina. In 68.2% of the patients, and infection involved only one fascial space and in 21.8% of the patients, it involved to more fascial spaces. 6. The most causative organisms isolated from pus culture were Gram-positive facultative cocci(55.5%), and antibiotics sensitivities on the total isolated bacterial strains were exposed chloramphenicol(88.6%), Cephalothin(88.6%), Erythromycin(81.5%), Lincomycin(77.8%) in order, but it showed resistant on Gentamycin(58.3%), Tetracycline(56.5%), Methicillin(38.5%).