• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2021

This paper analyzes causal relationship between rural experience and settlement. Structural Equation Modeling is the combination of factor analysis and multiple regression analysis which can explain causal relation between factors. Rural perception factor has conceptualized positive sector (attitude, values) and negative sector (perceived risk, sentiment). Statistically significant causality results are as follows. People think about migration into rural when they have high level of attitude about rural but fear of rural life make avoid migration into rural. When people have fear of rural life, they also have bad feeling about rural infrastructure and facility. Attitude of rural, values of rural and low fear of rural life gives positive influence to satisfaction. Satisfaction gives positive influence to migration into rural.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2000

The collisions at sea among marine casualties are not reduced as the tonnage and speed of ship's increase as well as the traffic quantity increase at sea, in spite of the improvement of nautical equipment, enforcement of crew's education and training as well as improvement of quality standard according to the implementation of ISM code. The measures to prevent the collisions at sea are simple, and are composed of six stage.: The first stage is that the officer on duty detect the target from his eye or radar information. The second stage is determining the type and kind of target-ship. The third stage is target tracking; calculation of target speed, course, CPA and TCPA from radar information or visual check. The fourth stage is determination of vessel in danger after calculation of third stage. The fifth stage is the judgement of situation if own ship is stand-on or give way vessel according to the 1972 COLREG. The last stage is to carry out proper action according to 1972 COLREG, under the circumstances. But by the case, the situations are so different under the different external conditions; for example, natural/navigational conditions, crew's human factors, ship's particular, rule or regulation, management system on board, the condition of watch keeping. Therefore the reasons and casualties are so complicated. This study aims to investigate the collision casualty at sea which needs to clarity all these causal factors of afore-mentioned, and to analyze the causes of problems so as to utilize them to establish the measures of preventing marine accidents. This study, described the concepts of causal factors into three groups; environmental factor, and company/on board management system and navigator's act. Also described how to investigate and analyzes the casual factors. Even though it was described in this paper how to detect the causal factors and reasons of collisions, and how to analyze the inter-relation of each causal factors, it is necessary to do further study how to analyze between the liability of concerned parties and the casual factors involved.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.79-92
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• 2022

This study examines the propositional connections and markers for connecting propositions in the texts of the 3^rd- and 6^th-grade science textbooks developed under the 2015 Revised Science Curriculum. A selection of texts from Korean and social science textbooks were analyzed and compared to those from science textbooks as well. The propositional connections were classified into emphasis, elaboration, exemplification, listing, addition, order, correspondence, causal relation, condition, and purpose types. The markers for the relationship of propositions were classified as demonstrative, using conjunctive, using a comma, using distinctive linguistic elements, and no marker types. The results showed that the frequency of propositional connections in the texts of the 6^th-grade textbooks was lower than that of Korean and/or social science textbooks. However, the frequency of the propositional connections in the texts of the 3^rd-grade textbooks was found to be lower than that of the social science textbook but higher than that of the Korean textbook. The types of order, listing, condition, and causal relation were dominant in science as well as Korean and social science textbooks. Over 40% of the markers for the relationship of propositions were found to be the no marker type, with the ratio of the no marker type being especially higher in the categories of order and causal relation.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.147-153
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• 2015

This Study is to test the causal relationships among university student's stress, personal relationships and psychological anxiety, and then suggest some theoretical and policy implications basing on the analytical results. For the purpose of this study, survey targeting on 416 university students was conducted. The analytical results of this study showed that psychological anxiety moderates the relation between the stress, personal relationship and smart phone addiction. This study suggested some implications basing on this analytical results.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 2005

On entering new millenium, there has been an important switchover in the divergent View and its cases on commercial marketing. This study is to focus on the related influence factors of the optician's marketing. Aiming to improve the relationship of the manager and the manager and the clients, this study tried to find out the influences of the marketing. We defined quality of relation as three element, trust, satisfaction, absorption. We investigated how it influenced optician's characters, goods, service, price, physical convenience and communication to the quality of relation. Moreover, we investigated how it influenced optician characters like knowledge information, good impression, contact and relation marketing of dissatisfaction solution, also quality of relation could or not influence about repurchase intension and Big Mouth marketing. Optician's characters affect on affirmative effect to trust and absorption, but little affirmative effect to satisfaction. Since optician's characters are trust and absorption rather than satisfaction influence, they actively should improve customer-oriented variety of goods, service, physical convenience, communication. As price and communication structure of optician was formed so not modernized, we realized these have not influenced their trust, satisfaction, absorption to customer. Optician's characters influenced more affirmative effect to satisfaction than thrust and absorption. quality of relations mostly provided affirmative effect to the result of relation. The opticians should make efforts to influence on customer satisfied with goods and service, also to have trust and absorption for customer, should maintain good partnership with customer.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.15-32
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• 2011

The research for exchange relationship in customer's perspective is meaningful especially in service, considering distinctive characteristics of service operations such as customer participation in the process whereas most of the recent related researches have been focused on employee's interaction with organization, leader, team and customer. In this study for beauty art service, the exchange party's characteristic is defined with beauty salon's reputation, staff's professionalism and customer's self-esteem. Also the exchange relation perception is classified into symbolism and interaction, Then the directional relations on customer's perspective are empirically investigated in the sequential order of the exchange party's characteristics, the exchange relation perception, the relationship quality and behavioral intention. In addition, the study examined the meditation effect via relationship quality between the exchange relation perception and the behavioral intention. Followings are confirmed from the statistical test with structural equation modelling：Symbolism is significantly caused by all of professionalism, reputation and self-esteem in the descending order of effect size whereas interaction is significantly influenced by only professionalism. The exchange relation perception has significant effect on the relationship quality, in turn which significantly affects behavioral intention. The exchange relation perception shows the significant indirect effect meditated by relationship quality and the insignificant direct effect on behavioral intention. This paper concludes with contribution of this study, managerial implication of the research findings and further research issues.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.117-140
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• 2008

The purposes of the study are to measure the relative importance of independent variables, to analyze relation between user satisfaction and use, and to improve the level of user satisfaction in using e-Trade system(uTradeHub). The study develops the independent variables in three dimensions(i.e the quality of system, quality of information, and quality of service), estimates the level of satisfaction on a par with these variables, and analyzes the causal relation of these variables. The major findings of the study are as follows. First, there is a significant casual relationship between the quality of system and user satisfaction, thus the hypothesis is accepted. Second, there is a significant casual relationship between the quality of information and user satisfaction, thus the hypothesis is accepted. Third, there is a significant casual relationship between the quality of service and user satisfaction, thus the hypothesis is accepted. Final, there is a significant casual relationship between the user satisfaction and use, thus the hypothesis is accepted.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.43-57
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors influencing interdepartmental confilict in the military hospitals. Relatively little attention has been given to the conflict in the hospitals, especially within military hospitals. Delving into the realities of organizational conflict would provide us an insight of how to handle it. The questionnair survey was conducted for the 254 officers working in 8 military hospitals nationwide. The mean index score of interdepartmental conflict was 14 on the 5-25 point scale, indicating the conflict level was modest. Using t-test and ANOVA, we found that interdepartmental conflict was different by marital status of physicians or educational level of nurses. Next, we examined a causal model using multiple regression method. The personal characteristics of the respondents and the organizational characteristics - intradepartmental relation and interdepartmental relation - were included in the model as the independent variables. From the analysis, we found that working years at the organizations, type of work term, intradepartmental reliance or cooperation, interdepartmental redliance or resource management were significantly related to interdepartmental conflict. The effect from these variables, however, was different across three departments.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.35-52
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to explore the relation among mother's rearing attitude in infancy, children's self-concept and the relationship with friends in childhood by using the longitudinal data originated by the Korean Institute for Research in the Behavioral Sciences(KIRBS). Specifically, using Structural Equation Modeling(SEM), the causal relation among the mother's rearing attitude in infancy, children's self-concept and the relationship with friends in childhood were examined across a 8-year-period. The subjects were 68 children(38 boys and 30 girls) from the KIRBS longitudinal data. The results showed that mother's rearing attitude in infancy can be consequential environmental variable factor, and children's self-concept do not play an essential intermediate role between mother's rearing attitude in infancy and the relationship with friends in childhood. This study used a newly attempted method in the field of Human Development.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.129-138
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• 2016

Purpose - The ICT(information and communications technologies) development is affecting consumer behaviors on selecting channel or distribution system. This study aims to advance our knowledge about the factors influencing omni-channel behaviors. This study considers the positive brand experience as the moderating variable into the relationship between omini-channel use intention and consumer brand relation. Also, the effect of positive brand experience on consumer-brand relation is researched. Research design, data, and methodology - This study conducted an empirical test with the subject as customers who purchase goods or service through on-off cross channel simultaneously. The research model is developed from prior literatures about influencing variables on channel selection. The structure of this study is designed to identify causal relationships between the variables. 268 survey data from the questionnaire survey which is conducted to target customers who use online and offline channels, is used for empirical analysis. This study validates generality with descriptive statistics and data reliability with Cronbach's alpha value. The exploratory factor analysis is used for value purification. Then, the confirmatory factor analysis is conducted for structural equation modeling. Finally, the execute structural equation modeling is analyzed to confirm the hypotheses Results - First, the two causal influences between perceived performance risk and the propensity of omni-channel and between price consciousness and the propensity of omni-channel are verified through the empirical test. Second, the result identifies that the propensity of omni-channel is influenced on consumer-brand relationship. Third, the AMOS analysis proves that the moderating variable, positive brand experience, has significant positive impact on consumer-brand relationship. This significant relationship is highly supported by the regression analysis between brand experience and propensity of omni-channel because it results that positive brand experience has positive impact on the propensity of omni-channel. All hypotheses are verified to be true. Conclusions - Based on the empirical result, this study confirms that perceived performance risk and price consciousness are the important factors influencing propensity of omni-channel. According to the additional analysis, the moderating variable and positive brand experience plays important role between the propensity of omni-channel and consumer-brand relationship. Furthermore, positive brand experience influences more on consumer-brand relationship than non-positive brand experience.