• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2012년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.137-138
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• 2012

Domestic construction materials market was about 65 trillion won and it occupied 45% level of total construction cost by 2007. In addition, due to the recent rapid rise of crude oil and iron ore price, fluctuation of raw material cost has a great influence to the cost of construction industry. This means that smooth performance is closely related to construction materials. And among them, because of high putting rate of metal materials, it can be seen that the fluctuation of metal material prices is an important variables. So in this study, for the pre-study to analyze the impact of metallic material prices to construction cost, the researcher analyzed a causal relationship between metal material prices and construction cost.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.115-130
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• 2021

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the causal relationship between import-export goods and transportation modes. To this end, five major commodity groups were selected from 2010 to 2018 such as Machinery and transport equipment (SITC 7), manufactured goods classified chiefly by material (SITC 6), chemicals and related products, n.e.s. (SITC 5), mineral, fuels, lubricants, and related materials (SITC 3), and miscellaneous manufactured articles (SITC 8). And using the panel VECM, the difference between transportation modes such as ports and airports was compared and analyzed through panel granger causality, Impulse response function, Forecasting error variance decomposition. As a result, it is confirmed that the causal relationship between major product groups and transportation modes showed different causal relationships depending on the characteristics of port and air transportation.

• 아동학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.83-112
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• 1987

This study examined the characteristics of the relationship of home environment variables and children's intellectual ability. Two studies were conducted: Study I examined the predictability of home environment variables for children's intellectual ability by children's age and the correlations between environment variables and children's intellectual ability. Study II investigated causal relationships among the variables which are supposed to affect children's intellectual ability. The subjects of this study were 240 children at age four, six and eight attending nursery schools, kindergartens and elementary schools and their mothers. Instruments included the Inventory of Home Stimulation (HOME), inventory of sociodemographic variables, and the K-Binet scale. The results obtained from this study were as follows: 1) Home environment variables had a significant positive correlation (.36 ~ .78) with children's intellectual ability. 2) The home environmental variables that significantly predicted children's intellectual ability differed according to children's age. That is, play materials, breadth of experience, and quality of language environment were predictive of children's intellectual ability at age four, while parent's education, developmental stimulation, and play materials were predictive at age six. Economic status of the home, need gratification, avoidance of restriction, and emotional climate were predictive at age eight. 3) The causal model of home environment affecting children's intellectual ability was formulated by exogenous variables (parent education and economic status of the home) and by endogenous variables (direct stimulation, indirect stimulation and the emotional climate of the home). 4) The results of the analysis of the causal model showed that the kind of variables that affected children's intellectual ability directly differed according to children's age. That is, direct stimulation and parent's education affected children's intellectual ability directly at age four and six, while the economic status of the home and indirect stimulation affected intellectual ability directly at age eight. The amount of variance that explained children's intellectual ability increased with increase in children's age.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.173-188
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• 1995

This study examined the characteristics of the relationship of HOME, sociodemographic variables and children's verbal ability at age four, five, six, Expecially this study investigated causal relationships amoong the variables which are supposed to affect children's verbal ability by children's age and sex. The subject of this study were 180 children and their mothers. Instruments included inventory of home stimulation(HOME), inventory of socio-demographic variables, inventory of the children's verbla ability. The results obtained from this study were as follows : 1. For the most part, HOME and socio-demographic variables had a significant positive correlation with children's verbal ability. 2. The variables that significantly predicted children's verbal ability differed according to children's age and sex. That is, play materials, breadth of experience and economic status of the home were predictive of boy's verbal ability at age four, while aspects of physical environment, breadth of experience were predictive at age five, fostering maturity and independence, parent's education were predictive at age six. And developmental stimulation and breadth of experience were predictive of girl's verbal ability at age four, while developmental stimulation, economic status of the home were predictive at age five, developmental stimulation and play materials were predictive at age six. 3. the results of the analysis of the causal model showed that the kind of variables that affected children's verbal ability directly differed according to children's age and sex. That is, indirect stimulation and direct stimulation affected boy's verbal ability directly at age four and five, while indirect stimulation and parent's education affected boy's verbal ability at age six. And indirect stimulation, direct stimulation, emotional climate of the home affected girl's verbal ability directly at age four, while direct stimulation, economic status of the home, indirect stimulation affected directly at age five, parent's education, indirect stimulation and direct stimulation affected girl's verbal ability at age six. 4. Another causal model of the HOME, socio-demographic variables affecting children's verbal ability showed that total HOME scores more significantly affected boys and girl's verbal ability directly than socio-demographic variables at all ages.

• 아동학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.17-44
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• 1987

The study examined the characteristics of the relationship of home environment variables and children's social development. Two studies were conducted ; Study I examined (1) the correlation of home environment variables and children's social ability and (2) the predictability of home environment variables for children's social ability by children's age. Study II investigated the causal relationship among the variables which are supposed to affect children's social ability. The subjects of this study were 240 children at age four, six and eight attending nursery schools, kindergartens and elementary schools and their mothers. Instruments included the Inventory of Home Stimulation (HOME), the Inventory of Sociodemographic Variables, social maturation scale, and the social-emotional developmental rating scale. The results obtained from this study were as follows : 1) Home environment variables had a positive correlation with children's social development at age four and six, but at age eight, only HOME variables had a significant positive correlation with children's social development. 2) The home environmental variables that significantly predicted children's social development differed according to children's age. That is, play materials, economic status of the home, and parent education were predictive of children's social development at age four, while parent's education, fostering maturity and independence, and play materials were predictive at age six. Fostering maturity and independence, aspects of physical environment, and economic status of the home were predictive at age eight. 3) The causal model of home environment effect on children's social development was formulated by exogenous variables (parent education and economic status of the home) and endogenous variables (direct stimulation, indirect stimulation and the emotional climate of the home). 4) The results of the analysis of the causal model showed that the variables that have a direct effect on children's social development differed according to children's age. That is, direct stimulation had more effect on children's social development at earlier ages, and indirect stimulation had more effect on children's social development at later ages. Among socio-demographic variables, parent's education was most closely related to children's social development. The amount of variance that explained children's social development decreased with increase in children's age.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.120-125
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• 1995

Varietal difference in the occurrence of grey leaves in upland diverted from paddy field were investigated with several flue-cured tobacco varieties in Korea. Grey leaves caused by Fe, Mn and Cl toxicity were occurred in all varieties used in this experiment. The variety, NC82 and KF113, however, were more sensitive than other varieties to the toxicity. It's revealed that grey leaves had little effects on the contents of total sugar, nicotine and total nitrogen. NC82 and KF113 were increased in the ratio of occurrences in the paddy soils which had a tendency to concrete with the passage of days after transplanting. NC82 showed high occurrences of grey leaves in each of variety used and it was estimated that this variety had a traits of easy occurrences of grey leaves, and it might be presumed that there would be a close connection between the ratio of occurrence and amounts of absorbed causal materials accumulated in plants and tobacco varieties on the occurrence of grey leaf tobacco.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.181-194
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• 1989

This study examined the characteristics of the relationship of HOME, socio-demographic variables and children's intellectual and social abilities. The subjects of this study were 80 children at age four and their mothers. Instruments included inventory of home stimulation (HOME) and the inventory of socio-demographic variables and K-Binet scale, social naturation scale, and the social-emotional developmental rating scale. The results obtained from this study were as follows: 1. HOME, socio-demographic variables had a significant positive correlation (.37∼..66) with children's intellectual ability. 2. HOME, Socio-demographic variables had a significant positive correlation(.26∼..67) with children's social ability. 3. The variables that significantly predicted children's intellectual ability were play materials, breadth of experience and quality of langage environment. 4. The variables that significantly predicted children's social ability were play materials, economic status of the home and parent education. 5. The results of the causal model showed that the kind of variables that affected children's intellectual ability directly were direct stimulation, parent's education, indirect stimulation, and the emotional climate of the home. 6. The results of the analysis of the causal model showed that the kind of variables that affected children's social ability directly were direct stimulation, parent's education, economic status of the home.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.953-959
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• 2015

최근 화석연료 및 에너지 소비의 증가로 인해 지구온난화의 심각성이 대두되고 있다. 따라서 온실가스 저감, 에너지 효율화를 위한 정책 및 제도에 대한 논의가 진행되고 있다. 총 에너지 사용량의 45%를 차지하는 건설 산업도 녹색기술, 친환경자재, 재생에너지 등의 녹색 건설화가 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 건설 산업은 온실가스 배출에 미치는 영향요인 및 데이터 구축이 이루어지지 않았으며, 녹색 건설의 성과를 평가하기 위한 방법론도 불명확하다. 특히 건설 산업 분야중 도로, 철도, 해운, 항공 등의 교통시설물은 전체 에너지 소비율의 21%를 차지하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 건설 산업 분야의 교통시설물 중 도로시설물의 성과평가 항목의 인과관계를 제시하였다. 성과분야는 경제적, 사회적, 환경적 요인으로 구분하였으며 건설 전문가의 설문조사 결과를 바탕으로 제시된 성과평가 항목을 이용하여 항목 사이의 인과관계 체계를 도식화하였다. 이는 녹색성과를 비교 평가하여 향후 목표 수립 기반을 제공할 수 있다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 SNS에서의 스포츠이슈에 대한 집단감정과 집합행동의 관계를 실증적으로 규명하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 국내 대표 포털사이트로부터 집합행동이 명확히 관찰되는 스포츠이슈 5건과 관련 포털 기사 5건을 선정하였고, 그 댓글 중, 추천 수에 따른 상위 100개 씩 총 500개의 댓글을 집단감정의 분석 대상으로 수집하였다. 또한 해당 이슈로부터 발생한 대중의 행위를 집합행동의 분석대상으로 선택하였다. 각 분석대상 댓글과 집합행동은 전문가 회의를 통하여 1~5점의 점수를 부여하였으며, 이에 대한 일원배치분산분석 및 다중회귀분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, SNS에서의 스포츠 집단감정은 스포츠이슈에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 둘째, SNS에서의 스포츠이슈에 대한 집단감정과 집합행동 간에는 유의한 인과관계가 있음이 규명되었다. 본 연구는 스포츠 집단감정과 집합행동의 인과적 관계를 계량적 분석을 통하여 실증적으로 규명하였다는 데 의의가 있다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2012년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.149-151
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• 2012

Changes in the price of materials in construction projects is one of the important variables. Therefore, measures are necessary to respond to the demand and supply of materials and price instability. In previous studies, mainly of ready-mix concrete and steel beam analysis was carried out. However, a study of non-ferrous material prices are still insufficient. So, in this study, the researcher identified the causal relationship between the construction cost and non-ferrous materials prices. Construction Cost Index was selected as a proxy variable of construction cost.