• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.1072-1081
• /
• 1997

The objectives of this study were to investigate the differences in appearance interest (clothing interest and body adornment) and self-confidence according to demographic variables such as age, education, and allowance, to examine the causal relationships of clothing interest and body adornment on self-confidence of elderly women. Subjects for this study were samples of 215 elderly women (ages 60 to 70) in Seoul, Korea. The instrument was a questionnaire and the survey was done in face-to-face method. 1. There was a significant difference in body adornment according to age. After age was controlled, there were significant differences in appearance interest and self-confidence according to education. There were significant differences in appearance interest and self- confidence according to allowance. 2. Education and allowance had a direct effect on clothing interest. Allowance, age, and education had a direct effect on body adornment. Education had a direct effect on allowance. 3. Clothing interest and allowance had a direct effect, and education had an indirect effect on self-confidence. Body adornment and allowance had a direct effect on self-confidence, education and age had an indirect effect on self-confidence. The present findings provide that appearance interest such as, clothing interest and body adornment had a significant effect on self-confidence of elderly women. It appeared that the connection between body adornment and allowance was stronger than the connection between clothing interest and allowance. The causal relationship of clothing interest on self- confidence was stronger than the causal relationship of body adornment on self-confidence. The clothing interest was a variable that most affected on self-confidence of elderly women.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.365-371
• /
• 2014

데이터 마이닝 기법 중에서 연관성 규칙은 하나의 거래나 사건에 포함되어 있는 항목들의 관련성을 파악하기 위한 탐색적 자료 분석 방법이다. 이 기법은 지지도, 신뢰도, 향상도 등과 같은 흥미도 측도들을 이용하여 연관성 규칙을 생성한다. 일반적인 연관성 규칙에서는 최소 지지도를 만족하는 빈발항목집합을 생성한 후 최저 신뢰도를 만족하는 것을 연관성 규칙으로 채택하게 된다. 이 때 규칙 여부를 결정하기 위해 가장 많이 사용되는 신뢰도는 고려하는 항목의 순서가 바뀌게 되면 그 값이 달라지는 비대칭적 측도가 되는 동시에 항상 양의 값을 가진다. 따라서 신뢰도 값의 크기로는 양의 연관성이 있는지, 아니면 음의 연관성이 있는지를 알 수 없다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위해 분류 모형 구축에 유용한 신뢰도 측도들을 소개하고, 신뢰도들 간의 비교 분석을 통해 유용성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 인과적 확인 신뢰도가 연관성의 방향을 보다 정확하게 나타내고 있다는 사실을 확인 하였다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제7권8호
• /
• pp.533-542
• /
• 2020

This study estimates the nature of the relationship of entrepreneurship and business confidence on youth unemployment in the Philippines over the 2001-2017 period. The paper employed a range of cointegrating regression models, namely, autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, Johansen-Juselius (JJ) and Engle-Granger (EG) cointegration models, dynamic OLS, fully modified OLS, and canonical cointegrating regression (CCR) estimation techniques. The Granger causality based on error correction model (ECM) was also performed to determine the causal link of entrepreneurship and business confidence on youth unemployment. The ARDL bounds testing approach, Johansen-Juselius (JJ) and Engle-Granger (EG) cointegration models confirmed the existence of long-run equilibrium relationship of entrepreneurship and business confidence on youth unemployment. The long-run coefficients from JJ and dynamic OLS show significant long-run and positive relationship of entrepreneurship and business confidence on youth unemployment. While results of the long-run coefficients from fully modified OLS and canonical cointegrating regression (CCR) found that only entrepreneurship has significant and positive relationship with youth unemployment in the long-run. The Granger causality based on error correction model (ECM) estimates show evidence of long-run causal relationship of entrepreneurship and business confidence on youth unemployment. In the short-run, increases in entrepreneurship and business confidence causes youth unemployment to decrease.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.1189-1197
• /
• 2013

연관성 규칙 마이닝은 지지도, 신뢰도, 향상도 등의 흥미도 측도를 기반으로 하여 대용량 데이터베이스를 구성하고 있는 항목들 간의 관련성을 찾아내는 기법이다. 이 기법은 기업의 의사결정 문제, 유통업에서의 교차판매, 고객관리 등 현업에서 많이 활용되고는 있으나, 이러한 기본적인 연관성 평가기준만으로는 두 항목 간의 인과관계를 설명할 수 없다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 인과적 연관성 규칙을 제안하는 동시에, 고려하는 평가 기준들이 흥미도 측도의 조건을 충족하는지의 여부를 점검하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 인과적 향상도는 세 가지 조건 모두를 만족하는 것으로 입증되었다. 인과적 지지도와 인과적 신뢰도는 동시 발생 확률의 값에 따라 단조 증가하는 조건과 각 항목의 주변 확률의 값에 따라 단조 감소하는 조건은 만족하였다. 반면에 두 항목이 독립이면 연관성 평가기준의 값이 1이 되는 조건에 대해서는 기존의 지지도와 신뢰도와 같이 이 조건이 충족되지 않았다. 또한 예제를 통해 기존의 연관성 평가 기준과 인과적 연관성 평가 기준을 비교해 본 결과, 기존의 평가측도인 지지도와 신뢰도를 기준으로 연관성 규칙 생성 여부를 판단했을 때 탈락되는 규칙도 인과적 평가 기준인 인과적 지지도와 인과적 신뢰도를 이용하여 판단하게 되면 연관성 규칙으로 채택할 수 있다는 사실을 발견하였다.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.177-194
• /
• 1997

This study attempts to explore urban married women's needs for consumer information contents. In addition, the causality of the needs for consummer information contents and related variables is investigated. Major findings are the following: (1) Respondents' need for information on“the product selection”and “the use and management”of the washing maching or hair dryer is high, while the in need for the information on“the existing brands”is very low. (2) Among several relevent characteristics, respondents' product involvement is strongly related to the needs for consumer information contents. (3) The results of the analysis of casual model from washing maching showed that respondents' age, purchasing experience, perception of the price dispersion and quality difference, self confidence in the product evaluation affect on the need for consumer information contents directly. While respondents' income and education level show a indirect effect. (4) The results of the analysis of causal model from hair dryer showed that respondents' perception of the price dispersion, quality difference and product complexity affect on the need for consumer information contents directly. While respondents' age, purchasing experience, self-confidence in the product evaluation show a indirect effects.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.397-404
• /
• 1999

For two-dimensional causal spatial autoregressive processes, we propose and illustrate a method for determining asymptotic simultaneous confidence regions using Yule-Walker, unbiased Yule-Walker and least squres estimators. The spectral density for first-order spatial autoregressive model are looked at in more detail. Finite sample properties based on simulation study we also presented.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.65-78
• /
• 2014

In this study, I explored the causal relationship between acceptance attitudes and the expected effects of smart work. With the rapid development of smart technologies, lots of organizations try to innovate in the conventional working styles for maximizing organizational effectiveness and efficiency. Although many organizations wish to foster smart working environment, they don't have confidence in detailed action plans and effects from it. Therefore, this study that explores the causal relationship between acceptance attitudes and effects may have crucial meaning to organizations pursuing smart work. In this research empirically conducted by questionnaire survey, the acceptance attitudes as predictors and the expected effects of smart work as influenced variables were used. This research analyzed 118 collected data and multiple regression analysis. As a result of analysis, teleworking shows the positive relations to all of dependent variables. And others have a positive or negative influence on cognitive effects of smart work. Results of this study may give implications to organizations that want to implement smart work environment.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.151-163
• /
• 2014

This paper explores the causal relationship between acceptance attitudes and expected effects of smart work. With the rapid development of smart technologies, lots of organizations try to innovate in the conventional working styles for maximizing organizational effectiveness and efficiency. Although many organizations wish to foster smart working environment, they don't have confidence in detailed action plans and effects from it. Therefore, this study that explores the causal relationship between acceptance attitudes and effects may have crucial meaning to organizations pursuing smart work. In this research empirically conducted by questionnaire survey, the acceptance attitudes as predictors and the expected effects of smart work as influenced variables were used. This research analyzed 118 collected data and multiple regression analysis. As a result of analysis, teleworking shows the positive relations to all of dependent variables. And others have a positive or negative influence on effects of smart work. Results of this study may give implications to organizations that want to implement smart work environment.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.1-23
• /
• 2014

Companies are required to have adequate understanding and awareness of a partner company within the supply chain, together with the understanding of the imbalance consequent on power types. Therefore, this study intends to look into the power types and make clear their influence on confidence & commitment and causal relationship that is linked to SCM user satisfaction. The concrete research results are as follows. First, the result showed that none of the behavioral coercive, high-handed reward, and relative legitimacy in terms of Mediated power had a significant influence on confidence and commitment. Like this, the result explains that there is a limit to forcibleness power in forming a continuous, long-term relationship. Second, business expertise, professional information and value reference in terms of Non-Mediated power were all found to have a significant influence on confidence and commitment. This could be judged as having an intention of aggressively accepting a partner company's expertise, information strength and imitable culture, etc. Third, both confidence and commitment was found to have a significant influence on SCM user satisfaction.

• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• pp.92-96
• /
• 2015

Due to unique characteristics of small construction companies, safety management is comprised of complex problems (e.g., resources constraints, a lack of formalized management structures, low level of management safety commitment etc.). In order to understand causal interdependencies between safety factors at different system levels (regulation, organization, technical and individual), this paper aims to develop a system dynamics (SD) model of safety management in small construction companies. The purpose of the SD model is to better understand why small construction companies have low level of safety performance. A causal loop diagram (CLD) was developed based on literature, with an attempt to map causal relationships between variables. The CLD was then converted into stock and flow diagram for simulation. Various tests were conducted to build confidence in the model's ability to represent the reality. A number of policies were analyzed by changing the value of parameters. The value of a system dynamics approach to safety management in small construction companies is its ability to address joint effects of multiple safety risk factors on safety performance with a systems thinking perspective. By taking into account feedback loops and non-linear relationships, such a system dynamics model provides insights into the complex causes of relatively poor safety performance of small construction companies and improvement strategies.