• Forest Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.158-163
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• 2017

We examined the activities of lignin-degrading enzymes of the mycelium of cauliflower mushroom (Sparassis latifolia). Three different strains of S. latifolia collected from several sites in Korea and one crossbred strain were cultured on potato dextrose broth (PDB) and Kirk's medium in order to study the activities of their ligninolytic enzymes. Mycelial growth reached maximum levels between 14 and 21 days after inoculation and pH increased by 0.12 units over 35 days. Laccase activity began increasing after 14 days on both types of media. Manganese peroxidase (MnP) activity followed a trend similar to that of laccase on Kirk's medium, but not on PDB. The activity of lignin peroxidase (LiP) differed from that of other enzymes; its activity decreased by half after 14 days on PDB but remained constant on Kirk's medium over 35 days. The total protein concentration increased considerably after 14 days and peaked at 21 days on PDB. A similar maximum was attained on Kirk's medium. In contrast, the residual glucose increased rapidly at 14 days on Kirk's medium, while increasing gradually up to 28 days on PDB. This study indicates that S. latifolia is more similar to white rot fungi than to other brown rot fungi.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.428-438
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• 2014

Functional effects of cauliflower mushroom (Sparassis latifolia) have been magnified by various media and internal and external research papers, recently. So, optimum condition of wood chip particle size and cultivation method of high ${\beta}$-glucan content for bulk cultivation generalization of cauliflower mushroom farms researched. As a result, T7 (1~2 mm 25%, 2~4 mm 50%, over 4 mm 25%) media as mixed media of certain ratio of particle size, showed excellent growth at $11.5{\pm}1.0$ cm / 44 days. Also, production of fruit body found higher than control and marketable pileus part took 85% ratio. The ${\beta}$-glucan content at media composition condition showed 1.4~2.4 times higher content in stipe part than pileus part. Also, PCF300 medium found 59.5% highest ${\beta}$-glucan content in stipe part. While ${\beta}$-glucan content showed 33.0% low content in pileus part. Therefore it needed additional study that ${\beta}$-glucan content improved in pileus part. In conclusion, production of high ${\beta}$-glucan content cauliflower mushroom was possible by T7 condition (wood chip particle size: 1~2 mm 25%, 2~4 mm 50% and over 4 mm 25%, composition: corn powder, flour and 300 ppm yeast).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 2009

Cauliflower mushroom (Sparassis crispa) is recently recognized as a new edible and/or medicinal mushroom cultivated with conifers. By the way, the mushroom is notorious as a brown-rot fungus that causes a buttrot of larch. So, there should be a careful consideration to apply the mushroom cultivation in coniferous stand. This study was conducted to clarify the seriousness of heartwood decay on conifers such as larch by cauliflower mushroom with surveying the mushroom producing environment and to examine whether the cultivation of cauliflower mushroom produce any problem in conifer stands or not. The mushroom occurred in various coniferous stands such as Larix kaempferi, Pinus koraiensis, P. densiflora and Abies holophylla on fertile soils with adequate moisture. Soil texture of the mushroom producing site was comparatively fine compared to general forest soils; sandy loam, loam and silty loam. Soil pH ranged from 4.6 to 5.2, and organic matter contents were 4~11%, which showed relatively wide range. We could find S. crispa by a DNA technique from the wood that seemed to have no heartwood decay by naked eyes. The damaged wood showed 30% higher moisture contents than that of sound wood, while the compressive strength was 30% lowered down compared to that of sound wood. The fungus may invade conifers through the scars occurred on roots or stems, in this case spore dispersion of the mushroom takes a great role. Thus, we concluded that forest tending activities need to be applied with considering the invasion of S. crispa, and cultivation of cauliflower mushroom in forest should be attempted very carefully. By the way, we also infer that conifer stands can be nurtured without heartwood decay by S. crispa if the stand be managed in good aeration conditions by proper silvicultural practices such as sanitary thinning.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.197-202
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• 2005

The effects of feeding Brassica vegetable market wastes on intake, body weight changes and pesticide/insecticide residues in products of goats were evaluated in two experiments. In the first experiment (Exp. 1) 16 goats (Bach Thao, 9 to 10 kg, 3 months old, 9 males and 7 females) were fed four diets with leaves either from cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) or Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris subsp. pekinensis) with 30% of Para grass. The control group was fed 100% Para grass. All diets contained soybean waste as a supplement and the experiment lasted for 136 days. In the second experiment (Exp. 2) 24 goats (Bach Thao, 12 to 14 kg, all males) were assigned to three treatments in a completely randomised block design based on initial body weight. The goats were fed cabbage waste supplemented with 200 g or 100 g DM (dry matter) of concentrate. Para grass with 100 g DM concentrate supplementation was used as a control group. The experiment lasted for 90 days and at the end of the study, 12 goats were slaughtered for pesticide/insecticide analysis. Due to low DM content (5.3 and 3.7%, respectively) feed intakes of cabbage and Chinese cabbage groups were lower than those of other groups in the experiment. The highest feed intake and body weight gain was obtained when the goats were fed cauliflower (529 g DM/day and 87.5 g/day, respectively). In Exp. 2 total intake of cabbage and concentrate was similar (484 g and 453 g DM/day) whether the goats were fed 100 or 200 g concentrate/day but lower than that of Para grass and concentrate probably due to the low DM content of the cabbage (5.9%). Crude protein intake (79 g to 86 g/day) and body weight gain (70 g to 88 g/day) was not significantly different between treatments. Adding concentrate consequently resulted in higher DM intake than in Exp. 1 but did not result in any higher growth rate. Three of the pesticide/insecticide residues tested were found in cabbage, Alpha-Cypermethrin, Bassa-Fenobucarb and Dimethoate with levels of 0.175, 0.074 and 0.028 mg/kg fresh cabbage respectively. Weight of livers from goats fed cabbage was about 90 g higher than from goats fed Para grass but no pesticide/herbicide residues were found in meat or liver.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.84-89
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• 2006

Cultivation of cauliflower mushroom (Sparassis crispa) became a good way of consumption for coniferous sawdust. However, conventional method for the cultivation demanded ready-decomposed sawdust in field more than 6 months, which resulted in the spatial and temporal problems. This study was conducted to develop an efficient cultivation method to minimize the problem with steam-treated sawdust media of Larix leptolepis, Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis. By the treatment, mycelial growth was stimulated by 10% compared to that of untreated sawdust with the sawdust media of L. leptoiepis and P. koraiensis, and the mushroom productivity was improved from 12.5% (50.1 g/400 g) to 16.7% (66.7 g/400 g) with the sawdust medium of P. densiflora from first harvest in case of KFRI644. Steam treatment is thought to be a good method for cultivation of cauliflower mushroom by minimizing culturing period and increasing productivity, which is an effective way of utilization for coniferous sawdusts.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2008

This study was carried out to obtain the basic data for the mycelial growth conditions of cauliflower mushroom, Sparassis crispa. Twenty-one isolates were collected from domestic and abroad. The optimal temperature and pH for the mycelial growth of these isolates were $23^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0, respectively. The mycelial growth was the best in the HBA medium, but very poor in the Lilly medium. However no mycelial growth in the CzapekDox medium. The utilization of carbon source was the best with fructose, and that of nitrogen source was the best with glutamine when compared to other tested sources. The selected isolate ASI150010 produced the highest mycelial weight in liquid culture containing soybean mill ($15\;g/{\ell}$) and potato ($200\;g/{\ell}$) extract. And uncleaned rice, wheat and barley were found to be good substrates for the mycelial growth S. crispa.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1998

Diamond film was deposited on Mo substrate at atmospheric pressure using combustion flame apparatus with the addition of H2. At a temperature above 100$0^{\circ}C$, parts of the film were converted into graphites and these were etched by hydrogen atoms. With increasing $C_2H_2/O_2$ ratio, the nucleation density of the film increased. But the greater part of the film was formed with cauliflower-shaped amorphous carbon. These amorphous carbn were crystallized etching amorphous carbon.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.216-221
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• 2002

물리적 스트레스는 식물의 성장과 형태형성 반응에 커다란 영향을 미치는데 14일 동안의 Brushing은 무의 기근율을 감소시켰고, 그 결과 타원형의 품질의 우수한 Radish root을 생산할 수 있었다(Latimer 1991). 그 외에도 상치, Cauliflower celery 묘의 내서성을 향상시킬 뿐아니라, 감자의 생체중과 건물중을 감소시킨다는 보고도 있다(Akers and Mithchell, 1985). (중략)

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 1989

We have developed a plasmid vector, pKCH1, for the purpose of higher plant transformation. It contains the promoter region of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S transcript (P35s) and the terminator region of nopaline synthase gene (Tnos) with unique cloning sites, Bam HI and Xba I, between them. After inserting a foreing gene at the cloning sites, P35s-foreign gene-Tnos cassette can be recovered by using a restriction enzyme Hind III.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.115-118
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• 2021

Othematoma is a condition in which blood collects beneath the perichondral layer of the pinna. Recurrent auricular hematoma can be a challenging medical problem, with complications resulting in ear deformity, therefore, appropriate management is important. Improper treatment can result in a deformity known as 'cauliflower ear' or 'wrestler's ear.' We report a case of othematoma that was inappropriately treated and present a review of current treatment options.