• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2021

A 6-year-old, spayed female, Maltese dog with tachypnea and dry cough was presented to Gyeongsang National University Veterinary Medical Teaching hospital. On physical examination, its respiration rate was 132 per minute. Decreased partial pressure of oxygen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and hyperlactatemia were found on arterial blood gas analysis. Its diastolic blood pressure was 80 mmHg. Auscultation revealed arrhythmia. Electrocardiogram revealed P pulmonale, P mitrale, and ventricular premature complexes. Thoracic radiographs revealed mild enlargement of both atrium and moderate enlargement of the left ventricular. There was also a moderate alveolar pattern in the right and caudal part of the left cranial lung lobe. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed enlargement of generalized four chambers without remarkable findings of valvular degeneration. M-mode echocardiography showed decreased left ventricular fractional shortening and enlarged left ventricular internal diameter at both end-systolic and end-diastolic. Color-flow Doppler imaging revealed eccentric turbulent flow starting below the left ventricular outflow tract and extending into the left atrium during systole. Spectral Doppler recordings revealed a high velocity flow through the mitral, tricuspid, aorta, and pulmonic regurgitation. Restrictive transmitral flow revealed high E-wave velocity, short E-wave deceleration time, and reduced A-wave velocity. There was also low ejection velocity thorough left ventricular out tract flow. Based on echocardiographic examination, dilated cardiomyopathy was the tentative diagnosis. The dog was medicated with inotropes, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, and diuretics. At the 10-day following-up, the dog died suddenly. This report describes echocardiographic diagnosis and prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy rarely reported in small breed dogs.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.57-63
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• 2021

This study was carried out to clarify the egg, larvae and juveniles development of Carassius cuvieri in Nakdong River, Gyeongbuk. The amount of spawning of female C. cuvieri was about 30,400~44,900 (average 37,650±7,250). The egg shape was circular and the size was 1.24~1.37 mm (average 1.31±0.04 mm, n=30). At 100 hours after fertilization, more than of the total embryos were hatched. The newly hatched larvae had an 4.69~5.65 mm in total length (average 5.15±0.31 mm, n=10) and had egg yolk in the abdomen. At 3 days after hatching, the preflexion larvae absorbed all egg yolk was 6.27~6.70 mm in total length (average 6.59±0.08 mm, n=10). On the 10 days after hatching, the postflexion larvae were 8.71~8.92 mm in total length (average 8.81±0.07 mm, n=10), and the tip of the caudal fin was bent at 45°. On the 42 days after hatching, the total length of 15.1~16.8 mm (average 15.8±0.57 mm, n=10) was transferred to juvenile as the number of fins was (iii17 dorsal fins, iii4 anal fins) reached a constant number of each part.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2022

On April. 2016, the anadromous icy goby caught at Shinbong-cheon, Tongyeong shi, Gyeongsangnam-do transported to the laboratory of Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) and observed spawning behavior and egg development and larvae. In aquarium, males make the nest under stone and waiting female entering. Fertilized eggs attached under the stone in the nest. Male protected the fertilized eggs until hatching. The size of the club-shaped eggs were 3.2~3.4 mm in the major axis and 0.6~0.8 mm in minor axis (n=10). The eyed eggs were hatched after 168 hrs in a range of water temperatures (18.0~20.0℃). The total lengths of newly hatched larvae were 4.1~4.4 mm (n=5) and these larvae had 32~33 (12~13+20) myotomes and transparent oval yolk. Three days after hatching, the pre-larva (4.9 mm in total length) has opening mouth and rectum. Post-larva with 5.2 mm total length have melanophore on air bladder, rectum, base of membranous caudal fin and 9~10 melanophores ventral row on the tail.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.283-288
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• 2008

The Pseudogobio esocinus were caught at Wyuleo-ri, Gyeombaek-myeon, Boseong-gun, Jeollanamdo from April to May 2003. The fishes were incubated in transparent aquarium located at the laboratory of Chonnam National University, and their embryonic and larval development were observed. The fertilized eggs were spherical, semitransparent, and adhesive, and were $1.98{\pm}0.19mm$ (n=50) in diameter. The embryo, including 31$\sim$32 myotomes, hatched through egg membrane at 164 hrs after fertilization. The newly-hatched larvae were $4.61{\pm}0.83mm$ (n=10) in total length (TL). At that moment, yolk was not absorbed, and mouth and anus were not open. Star and spot shaped melanophores were distributed on the lens, and dorsal, ventral, and caudal parts. At 42 days after hatching, larva was $16.22{\pm}0.65mm$ (n=10) in TL. Melanophores were scaterred at head, back, and side parts. Morphological features of the embryo were transferred to juvenile stage showing similar features with those of the adult fish.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.710-719
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• 2023

Objective: The present study investigated whether protodioscin (PD), a steroidal saponin mainly found in rhizome of Dioscorea species, alleviates oxidative stress-induced damage of porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation. Methods: Oocytes were treated with different concentrations of PD (0, 1, 10, 100, and 200 µM) in the presence of 200 µM H₂O₂ during in vitro maturation. Following maturation, spindle morphology and mitogen-activated protein kinase activity was assessed along with reactive oxygen species level, GSH activity, and mRNA expression of endogenous antioxidant genes at the MII stage. On the day 7 after parthenogenetic activation, blastocyst formation rate was calculated and the quality of embryo and mRNA expression of development-related genes was evaluated. Results: Developmental competence was significantly poorer in the 0 µM PD-treated (control) group than in the non-treated (normal) and 10 µM PD-treated (10PD) groups. Although the reactive oxygen species level did not significantly differ between these three groups, the glutathione level and mRNA expression of antioxidant genes (superoxide dismutase 1 [SOD1], SOD2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 [Nrf2], and hemo oxygenase-1 [HO-1]) were significantly higher in the normal and 10PD groups than in the control group. In addition, the percentage of oocytes with defective spindle and abnormal chromosomal alignment was significantly lower and the ratio of phosphorylated p44/42 to total p44/42 was significantly higher in the normal and 10PD groups than in the control group. The total cell number per blastocyst was significantly higher in the 10PD group than in the control group. The percentage of apoptotic cells in blastocysts was highest in the control group; however, the difference was not significant. mRNA expression of development-related genes (POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1 [POU5F1], caudal type homeobox 2 [CDX2], Nanog homeobox [NANOG]) was consistently increased by addition of PD. Conclusion: The PD effectively improves the developmental competence and quality of blastocysts by protecting porcine oocytes against oxidative stress.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.130-134
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• 2023

A 12-year-old Standard Poodle presented with intermittent weakness and occasional dyspnea at the Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital of Kangwon National University. A grade of 4 out of 6 systolic murmur with an irregular tachycardic rhythm was auscultated on both sides of the chest. Systolic blood pressure was 140 mmHg. Panting was noticed in the hospital, but there was no crackle sound. Blood analysis revealed mild increases in liver panel levels (alanine aminotransferase 149 [reference interval, 19-70] U/L; and alkaline phosphatase, 185 [reference interval, 15-127] U/L) and severe increases in cardiac biomarker levels (n-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, 4169 [reference interval, 50-900] pmol/L; and cardiac troponin I, 0.22 [reference interval, 0.03-0.12] ng/mL). On electrocardiography, irregularly irregular supraventricular tachycardic rhythm with an f-wave and no distinct p-wave was observed. Generalized cardiomegaly with an enlarged right atrium and left ventricle was confirmed on thoracic radiography. Moreover, hepatomegaly and an enlarged caudal vena cava were observed. Echocardiographic evaluation revealed a fibromuscular diaphragm in the right ventricle. Because of the obstructive lesion in the right ventricle, the right atrium and ventricle were enlarged (right atrial area index, 38.82 cm²/m² [reference interval, 4.2-10.2 cm²/m²]; right ventricle end-diastolic area index, 14.152 cm²/m² [reference interval, 4.9-10.92 cm²/m²]). Accordingly, the patient was diagnosed with double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV). Pimobendan, furosemide, enalapril, diltiazem, and S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) were prescribed, and all symptoms were relieved. DCRV is a right-sided congenital heart defect resembling pulmonic valve stenosis. If symptoms are not severe, medical therapy can be facilitated without surgery or the balloon dilation.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2023

This study aimed to examine the early life history of Trident goby (Tridentiger brevispinis) by observing their egg development and juvenile fish morphology. The average size of mature eggs was 1.13~1.41 (1.30±0.07) mm (n=30), and 0.70~0.86 (0.79±0.04) mm (n=30) in long diameter and short diameter, respectively. The incubation period at 24±1℃ ranged from 167~228 h. The newly hatched larvae measured 2.31~2.78 (2.51±0.18) mm (n=30) in total length (TL), and their mouth and anus were not yet open. At 3 days after hatching, the preflexion larvae reached 2.84~3.10 (2.98±0.10) mm in TL, where in their yolk absorption was complete and their mouths began to open. At 19 days after hatching, the larvae reached the flexion stage, measuring 4.02~4.62 (4.36±0.19) mm in TL. The tip of their notochord was bent upward. At 30 days post-hatching, the larvae reached the postflexion stage, measuring between 5.04~6.36 (5.76±0.51) mm in TL, with the tip of the caudal fin bent at 45°. After 54 days, the larvae had reached the juvenile stage, measuring between 7.43~9.84 (8.48±0.90) mm in TL, and were differentiated by their constant number of fins (6 first dorsal, 12 second dorsal, 11 anal, and 10 ventral fins). This study found that T. brevispinis had larger fertilized eggs and a greater number of myotomes in hatching larva than similar species. Additionally, the distribution of melanophores in T. brevispinis was distinct from that in other similar species, making it easy to distinguish them morphologically.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2023

The samples used in this study were collected on two occasions (April 21 and May 16, 2021) from Liobagrus mediadiposalis and spawned egg masses located under rocks in Daeseocheon, Yeongdeok-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do. Fertilized eggs ranged in size from 3.30~3.92 (average 3.57±0.19) mm (n=30), and it took 152~155 hours to hatch at water temperatures of between 17.0 and 20.0℃. Newly hatched larvae immediately post-hatching had a total length of 6.43~6.67 (6.55±0.07) mm (n=30), and were characterized by the retention of a yolk sac and an incompletely open mouth and anus, consistent with the yolk. On the 9 days post-hatching, the postflexion larvae had grown to length of between 11.0~13.8 (12.3±0.70) mm (n=30), and the caudal bone at the tip of the tail was bent upwards at an angle of 45°, thereby indicating the transition to the late larval growth stage. On the 16 days post-hatching, the total length of juvenile had increased to between 15.8~18.2 (16.8±0.77) mm (n=30), and the number of fins reached a fixed number of 8 dorsal, 17 anal, and 8 pelvic fins. On the basis of the findings of this study, we were able to confirm differences in the size of hatching larvae and fin mottle patterns in the early life history of related species.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2023

Five days after hatching in Konosirus punctatus, the larvae were 5.86~6.21 mm (mean 5.96 mm) in TL and ossified parasphenoid, prefrontal, premaxillary, dentary. Sixteen days after hatching, the larvae were 9.66~10.18 mm (mean 9.96 mm) in TL and ossified prootic, opisthotic, ectopterygoid, and epihyal. Twenty-five days after hatching, the larvae were 11.02~12.64 mm (mean 11.03 mm) in TL and ossified supraclavicle, posttemporal, four actinost. Twenty-eight days after hatching, the larvae were 11.98~12.81 mm (mean 12.34 mm) in TL and ossified frontal, pterotic, epiotic, exoccipital, basioccipital, preorbital, maxillary, hyomadibular, preopercle, opercle, hypohyal. Thirty-six days after hatching, the larvae were 15.26~16.39 mm (mean 16.11 mm) in TL and ossified scapula. 37 days after hatching, the larvae were 15.33~16.87 mm (mean 16.25 mm) in TL and ossified ethmoid, nasal, parietal, supraoccipital, and suborbital. Forty-five days after hatching, the larvae were 20.01~21.83 mm (mean 21.14 mm) in TL, and the shoulder girdle was completed by coracoid formation. Forty-eight days after hatching, the larvae were 22.46~24.03 mm (mean 23.20 mm) in TL and ossified articular and subopercle. When the juvenile reached 27.11~34.09 mm (mean 30.11 mm) in TL (53 days after hatching) completed ossification of the cranium, vertebrae, pelvic girdle, shoulder girdle, caudal bone, and pterygiophore.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.94-100
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• 2024

During ichthyoplankton survey in the southwestern sea of Korea, we collected six individuals of noodlefish larvae and juveniles between April and May 2023. They were identified as Neosalanx anderssoni by mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I or 16S ribosomal RNA sequences, and their external morphological traits were described for the first time. All six individuals have a slender and elongated body. When preflexion and flexion larval stages (10.24 mm notochord length, NL and 15.47 mm total length, TL, respectively), oval-shaped black melanophores were distributed in a row along the ventral side of the gut. However, when postflexion larval and juvenile stages (23.58~25.90 mm TL, and 29.20~31.26 mm TL, respectively), melanophores on the ventral side of the gut were disappeared, and dark spot-shaped melanophores appeared along the dorsal side of the gut in a single row. Also, from the postflexion larval stage (23.58 mm TL), two large black spots began to appear symmetrically on the caudal fin. Our results suggest that N. anderssoni may use coastal area as spawning and/or nursery ground unlike previous study (Kim and Park, 2002).