• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.21-28
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• 2003

It is essential to use base papers having proper surface characteristics in coating operation for improving coated paper quality and coater runnability. To fulfill these purposes surface sizing of coating base stock with anionic oxidized starch is commonly practiced. It is suggested that use of cationic starch for surface sizing rather than conventional oxidized starch will improve coated paper quality since cationic starch penetrates less into paper structure because of its strong electrostatic interaction with anionically charged paper surface. Strong interaction of cationic surface sizing starch with anionic coating color is expected to promote rapid immobilization of the coating color and improve coating holdout and optical property. The immediate objective of this study was to examine the influence of surface sizing starches on the properties of coated papers. Structural characteristics of the coatings formed on the substrate surface sized with cationic and anionic starches were examined. To enhance the efficiency of cationic surface sizing starch on coated paper properties, strongly charged cationic polymers were added to the surface sizing starch and its effect on coated paper properties was evaluated. Results showed that opacity and light scattering coefficient of coated paper were higher when base paper surface sized with cationic starch was used. Addition of less than 1% of cationic poly-DADMAC to the cationic surface sizing starch improved the opacity of coated paper significantly.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.525-532
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• 2005

Polyelectrolyte titration, which was called colloid titration is based on the stoichiometric reaction between oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, This can be used, for instance, to determine the charge density of a cationic polyelectrolyte, using an anionic polyelectrolyte of known charge density, such as potassium polyvinyl sulfate (PPVS). The technique requires a suitable method of end-point detection and there are several possibilities. In this work, two methods have been investigated: visual titrimetry based on the color change of a cationic dye (o-toluidine blue, o-Tb) and spectrophotometry based on the absorbance change corresponding to the color change of the same dye. These have been applied to several cationic polyelectrolytes with different charge density and molecular weight. In all cases, the cationic charge was due to quaternary nitrogen groups. In the case of cationic dye, it was shown that the sharpness depends on the charge density of cationic polyelectrolyte. With the polyelectrolytes of lower charge density, the binding to PPVS is weaker and binding of the dye to PPVS can occur before all of the polyelectrolyte charge has been neutralized. However, by carrying out titrations at several polyelectrolyte concentrations, good linear relationships were found, from which reliable charge density values could be derived. Effects of pH and ionic strength were also briefly investigated. For cationic polyelectrolytes (copolymers of acrylamide and dimethylaminoethy] acrylate), there was some loss of charge at higher pH values, probably as a result of hydrolysis. Increasing ionic strength causes a less distinct color change of o-Tb, as a result of weaker electrostatic interactions.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.301-308
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• 2015

This study optimizes dyeing conditions for polyamide-imide fabric using cationic dyes. Dyeing and fastness characteristics of polyamide-imide fabric were investigated with three cationic dyes and 2-hydroxyacetophenone as a swelling agent under various dyeing conditions such as dye and swelling agent concentrations, dyeing temperature and time, pH of dye bath. The dyeing properties were evaluated in terms of dye exhaustion, K/S value and color fastness. The optimized dyeing temperature and time were $130^{\circ}C$ for 90 min for the dyes. Under weak acidic conditions in the range pH 5 to 7, the exhaustion of cationic dyes could be enhanced leading to higher adsorption. Wash and rubbing fastness properties were generally good, while light fastness was slightly low, which can be attributed to the poor photo-stability of the cationic dyes.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.119-125
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• 2004

In this paper, the effect of the volcanic ash dyed on cotton knitted fabrics was studied in various ways. A cationic agent was used to improve the depth of color of the fabric in the dyeing process. K/S values of dyed fabrics were measured to examine the dyeing properties. Cationic agent pretreatment, followed by dyeing with volcanic ash, was tested. In the dyeing experiment, the effects of a wide range of parameters such as the concentration of cationic agent, treatment time, treatment temperature and treatment pH of the dyebath were studied. Experimental results showed that the pretreatment with cationic agent improved the dyeing properties of cotton knitted fabrics with volcanic ash. At this point, concentration of cationic agent was 4%(on weight of fabric), treatment time was 40minutes, treatment temperature was 80 C and treatment pH of the dyebath was a neutral condition.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.17 no.3 s.82
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

Cationic dyeable polyester(CDP) was produced through melt blending of cationic chips having $2mol\%$ of sodium salt of dimethyl ester of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid(DMS salt) and normal polyester chips in different proportions to obtain yarns having varying amount of comonomer in the fiber. The modified polyesters showed increased moisture regain, decreased viscosity, lower softening point and improved antistatic characteristics, according to the amount of modifier. In dyeing at $100^{\circ}C$ the dyeing rate of cationic dyes with CDP fiber increased slowly than that of disperse dyes. In dyeing at $120^{\circ}C$ cationic dyes reached to equilibrium at 30min and disperse dyes at 10min. Cationic dyes in dyeing of CDP fabric have a better wash fastness compared with disperse dyes, also rubbing fastness of cationic dyes is better than that of disperse dyes. The light fastness of CDP fabric for cationic and disperse dyes is not good. The fastness of 75d/36f CDP fabric is higher than 75d/72f fabric. Solvent wicking fastness of CDP with cationic dyes is better than that of disperse dyes.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 1992

Differential dyeing technologies for wool are discussed in one bath dyeing of cationic compound treated wool and untreated wool. By increasing the concentration of cationic compound to wool the k/s value of wool and the color difference (ΔE) between treated and untreated one become higher in one bath dyeing. The proper concentration of cationic compound to wool was 2% in one bath dyeing since the dyeing fastness became lower according to the increase of the concentration.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.47-54
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• 2003

To be dyed with cationic Berberine, the cotton fiber was modified with reactive anionic agent. The Berberine, a natural cationic colorant of pure yellow, is the major component of Amur Cork tree extract and also can be employed as a natural antimicrobial agent due to its characteristic of cationic quaternary ammonium salt. By LC/MS analysis, it became obvious that the Berberine was contained in Amur Cork tree extract as a major color component. The adsorption of the Berberine on the cotton fabrics pretreated with the anionic agent was greatly increased comparing to that of untreated fabric. Because the anionic agent was colorless, it did not cause unintended color change of the dyeings. The dyed fabric with the Berberine has strong antimicrobial activity showing 99.5% of reduction of bacteria against Staphylococcu aureus.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.79-80
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• 2009

Aramid fabrics were photooxidized by UV/$O_3$ irradiation. The UV irradiation caused the oxygen content of the aramid fabric surface to increase and reduced the surface zeta potential, coupled with improved water wettability. The modified aramid fabrics showed higher affinity to cationic dyes which may be resultd from the newly introduced electrostatic interaction between cationic dyes and anionic dyeing sites on the photooxidized surface layers. Although color fastness to both staining and rubbing were good to excellent, color fastness to shade change was moderate.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.294-300
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• 2003

The anionic agent containing dichloro-s-triazinyl reactive group was synthesized and applied to the cotton fabrics to introduce covalent bonds. This attempt was expected to improve the affinities of cationic compounds, such as cationic dyes, chitosan, quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agents and metal ions, by the electrostatic attractive force. As expected, the anionic agent was reacted with cotton fabrics at room temperature. In order to examine the adsorptivity of the cationic compounds on to the anionized cotton fabrics, firstly a cationic dye(C. I. Basic Violet 7) was applied. The color strength of the dyeing of anioized cotton fabric was highly increased comparing to that of untreated fabric.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.17 no.3 s.82
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• pp.8-15
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• 2005

Cationic dyeable polyester(CDP) fabric was annealed at varying temperatures range from $120^{\circ}C$ to $220^{\circ}C$ for 1, 3, and 5 min under tension. Dyeing rates of CDP fabrics were measured with cationic and disperse dyes at $100^{\circ}C$ and $120^{\circ}C$ in water system. Also X-ray diffraction pattern, DSC thermograms and dyeability of fabric with cationic and disperse dyes were investigated. The intensities of X-ray diffraction peaks of annealed fabric were increased with increasing in annealed temperature, and peak became sharp with heat setting temperature. The apparent color depth (K/S) of CDP fabric initially decreased with increase of heat-setting temperature up to $160\~180^{\circ}C$ and then increased at higher temperature. The shearing modulus(G) and surface roughness were increased with annealing temperature.