• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2011.03a
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• pp.47-47
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• 2011

최근 m-Aramid 섬유의 염색에 대한 연구가 진행되면서 기존의 원착법 및 초고온고압법 등 상업성이 낮거나 제약이 많았던 염색법에서 차츰 cationic dye를 이용한 염색법이 상용화되고 있다. m-Aramid 섬유는 amide기의 분자 간 수소결합으로 인하여 결정화도를 증가시킴으로서 고강도, 고탄성의 특성을 가질 수 있지만, 강력한 분자구조와 고결정성의 치밀구조로 인하여 염료가 섬유의 분자구조 내부로 확산, 염착되기 어려운 단점을 가지기도 한다. 따라서 m-Aramid 섬유를 침염법으로 염색 시, 섬유의 치밀구조를 이완시켜줄 수 있는 swelling agent가 중요하게 작용한다. 본 연구에서는 cationic dye를 이용하여 swelling agent의 영향성을 살펴보았다. 사용된 시료는 100% m-Aramid 섬유이며, C.I. Basic Yellow 28, Red 46, Blue 54를 사용하여, 욕비 1:10, $NaNO_3$ 7g/l의 조건으로 $130^{\circ}C{\times}60$분간 염색하였다. 이때 사용된 Swelling agent는 두 가지로 각각 1-phenoxypropan-2-ol(S1)과 N-methyl formanilide(S2)를 주성분으로 한다. 염색 시 염료의 농도는 0.5~7% o.w.f.이며, 염색 전 후 염욕을 UV-VIS을 통해 absorbance값을 측정하여 산출한 염착율과, CCM을 사용하여 최대흡수 파장에서 산출 된 K/S값을 비교 고찰 하였다. 각각의 염색물을 비교한 결과 Red 염료를 제외한 yellow 및 blue 모두 3% o.w.f. 염료농도까지 90% 이상의 흡착율을 보였으며, S1에 비해 S2의 경우 염착율이 근소하게 높은 결과를 보였다. 반면 K/S 값을 비교해보면, S2를 사용하였을 때 10%~60% 높은 K/S값을 보였다. 염착율은 비슷하지만 K/S값의 차이를 보이는 이유는 염색이 끝난 후 수세과정에서 섬유표면에 미고착된 염료들이 빠져나가는 것으로, 이를 통해 S2의 경우 섬유의 내부로 염료를 잘 고착시켜 줌으로서 수세안정성이 S1에 비에 우수한 결과를 보인 것으로 고찰된다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.498-505
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• 2007

This study demonstrated the in-situ functionalization with polymers of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) via emulsion polymerization. Polystyrene-functionalized MWNTs were prepared in an aqueous solution containing styrene monomer, non-ionic surfactant and a cationic coupling agent ([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trime-thylammonium chloride (MATMAC)). This process produced an interesting morphology in which the MWNTs, consisting of bead-string shapes or MWNTs embedded in the beads, when polymer beads were sufficiently large, produced nanohybrid material. This morphology was attributed to the interaction between the cationic coupling agent and the nanotube surface which induced polymerization within the hemimicellar or hemicylindrical structures of surfactant micelles on the surface of the nanotubes. In a solution containing MATMAC alone without surfactant, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were not well-dispersed, and in a solution containing only surfactant without MATMAC, polymeric beads were synthesized in isolation from CNTs and continued to exist separately. The incorporation of MATMAC and surfactant together enabled large amounts of CNTs (> 0.05 wt%) to be well-dispersed in water and very effectively encapsulated by polymer chains. This method could be applied to other well-dispersed CNT solutions containing amphiphilic molecules, regardless of the type (i.e., anionic, cationic or nonionic). In this way, the solubility and dispersion of nanotubes could be increased in a solvent or polymer matrix. By enhancing the interfacial adhesion, this method might also contribute to the improved dispersion of nanotubes in a polymer matrix and thus the creation of superior polymer nanocomposites.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.48-48
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• 2001

The effects of silane coupling agent on the performance properties of cotton fabrics treated with loess and its washing durability were investigated. Mean average diameter of loess was 17.88㎛ and main components were SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃. By using the cationic agent, the dyeability of cotton fabrics was improved. The washing durability, antibacterial property and deodorization rate were improved and very good emissivities of far infra-red rays were obtained by using the silane coupling agent. And also the mechanical properties of cotton fabrics, such as primary hand values, were improved.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.336-345
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• 2001

The effects of silane coupling agent on the performance properties of cotton fabrics treated with loess and its washing durability were investigated. Mean average diameter of loess was $17.88\mu{m}$ and main components were $SiO_2,\;Al_2O_3\;and\;Fe_2O_3$. By using the cationic agent, the dyeability of cotton fabrics was improved. The washing durability, antibacterial property and deodorization rate were improved and very good emissivities of far infra-red rays were obtained by using the silane coupling agent. And also the mechanical properties of cotton fabrics, such as primary hand values, were improved.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.29-36
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• 2003

Reducing the energy consumption while maintaining pulp quality is an important objective of today's paper industry. Enzymatic treatment of fibers and the application of dry strength agent were investigated as methods to reduce energy consumption during refining and to upgrade fiber characteristics. Modification of recycled fibers with an enzyme was effective in improving relining efficiency and reducing refining energy. Optimization of dry strength agent application conditions including stock pH, cationic demand, zeta potential, etc. were found to be very important for improving its effectiveness.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.43-48
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• 2011

Filler loading at thick stock was carried out in order to verify if the dual addition of filler can be used as a means to reduce the detrimental effects of filler on the strength properties of paper. PCC was added to 3.5% pulp slurry blended with HwBKP, BCTMP and SwBKP. Cationic starch was used as a fixing agent. The mixture of PCC and pulp was stirred for 5, 10 and 20min. at 1,000 rpm. The remaining PCC was washed out before handsheet making. PCC particles were flocculated and fixed on the pulp fiber and/or space between fibers. It is expected that the flocculation and inclusion of PCC can be helpful to improve the strength properties of paper due to the reduction of detrimental effect in fiber bonding. The distinct tendency in PCC flocculation and fixing on pulp fiber was not observed by the change of cationic starch dosage and treatment time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.1231-1234
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• 2003

A sample procedure has been described to room temperature synthesis, mesoporous aluminosilicate materials with strong surface acidity by using a cationic surfactnat cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTABr) as the template agent. All samples were charecterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and nitrogen adsorption. The crystallinity and surface area of MCM-41 type aluminosilicats decrease with decreasing of Si/Al ratio. The influence of the aluminum contents of MCM-41 on the coordination of Al and on the acidity is studied by $^{27}Al$ MAS NMR and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia(TPD). It was shown that the incorporation of Al atoms into the framework causes increasing of acid site surface. And then Al atoms in the framework were incorporated tetrahedrally in structure, which gave a rise to cationic sites in the framework.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 1989

A new quaternary ammonium compound, hydrolyzed ginseng-saponin quaternary (HGSQ), from Korean ginseng saponin and 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride has been developed as a conditioning agent in cosmetics. This structure has a hydrophobic group from the aglycone of ginseng saponin which is biologically active and considered to be the most important component of the Korean ginseng. Its properties : surface tension, critical micelle concentration (CMC), eye irritation, sorption onto hair, force reduction(%) and moisture retention effect were studied. Its cationic character allows the molecule to be more substantive than ginseng saponin. HGSQ had good physical properties and was safe. enough as a cosmetic raw material. Also half-head tests of HGSQ-containing shampoo were carried out to compare the conditioning effects in shampoos. HGSQ was an excellent conditioning agent in shampoo..

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.47-52
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• 2008

The far-infrared ray (FIR) has been applied to various fields such as medical therapy, kitchen utensils, bath supplies, and so on. The FIR-emitting agent was used to make functional paperboards to have freshness-maintaining ability. The FIR-emitting agent was diluted with different concentrations at 0.5% starch solution, and the FIR-emitting solutions were coated on paperboards, i.e., liner. The more the concentration of the FIR radiating agent increased at 0.5% cationic starch solution, the higher FIR emissivity and emission power of paperboards increased. The corrugated boxes made of paperboards coated by the FIR-radiating agents at over 5% dilution concentration endowed mandarin oranges in the boxes with greater antimicrobial activity than those in boxes made of paperboards coated by the agent at below 5% concentration. In addition, it was ascertained that treatment of the FIR agents rarely affected strength properties of paperboards.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.5 s.142
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• pp.671-679
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• 2005

Chitosan is the affinitive finishing agent and gives susceptible effect in textile finishing. In order to examine the modification of polyester fabric treated with chitosan, we observed the characteristic of polyester fabric surface and measured its physical properties. For the purpose of confirming the adhesion of cationic material, we made a comparative study on anionic acid dye. The fabric was treated with crosslinking agent after chitosan finishing. Glutardialdehyde as crosslinking agent was used to improve the fixation rate of chitosan on the polyester fabric. And the US value was increased according to increasing of chitosan concentration. As the concentration of crosslinking agent was increased, whiteness index of the fabric chitosan treated was increased. Moisture regain of the fabric treated with $1\%$ chitosan was doubled and that treated with $2\%$ chitosan was tripled comparing with original fabric. Tensile strength of the chitosan treated fabric had been an increase of $10\%$ compared with alkali treated fabric and crease resistance decreased regardless of chitosan concentration.