• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.75-90
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• 2010

Teenagers are considered as one of important consumer groups by marketers because of their high purchasing power and impulsive purchasing propensity. Especially high school girls are most significant purchasing group of them. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of high school girls' lifestyle on shoes purchasing behavior and shoes wearing satisfaction. This study surveyed 428 high school girls in Seoul and Chonbuk area. Data were statistically analyzed using SAS 9.1.3 for Window. Major statistical methods are factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient, cluster analysis, frequency analysis, Chi-square test, multiple regression analysis, ANOVA and Duncan test. The shoes purchasing behavior is significantly different according to students' lifestyle. Activity-pursuing group's major shoes purchasing factor is practical use and fashion & scholar-pursuing group's major shoes purchasing factors are fashion and brand. Relationship between lifestyle and shoes purchasing pattern is as follows. Activity-pursuing group and fashion & scholar-pursuing group purchased shoes more frequently than family-pursuing group. Fashion & scholar-pursuing-group purchased shoes for the harmony of suit and shoes. As for wearing satisfaction, design is the primary factor and price was the least significant factor in sports shoes, while durability is the primary factor and material is the least significant factor for the casual shoes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.574-585
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• 2009

This study intended to identify regional and gender differences between high school students groups in clothing-wearing motives, casual brand preference and actual purchasing condition. Using a $2{\times}2$ sampling frame, 100 responses were collected for each regional and gender group: male students in Seoul, females in Seoul, males in Gumi, and females in Gumi. In terms of clothing-wearing motives, Gumi students and female students showed more highly extroverted motives than males and Seoul students, respectively. And three groups were determined on the basis of clothing-wearing motives: the extroversion group, the introversion group, and the least clothing-cognizing group. Concerning the brand preference factor, female students showed more dispersed brand preference than males. Adidas and Puma were preferred by all 4 groups. Polo and Guess were preferred by Seoul students, and Clide, Banila B, and TBJ were preferred by female students. The determinants of brand preference were identified as quality, reliability, affirmative image, and some brand personas such as 'neat', 'natural' and 'polished'. The students from Seoul tend to pay more money for clothing than those from Gumi, and Seoul students' main purchasing place was identified as department store while Gumi students shop more at brand chain stores.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.10 s.212
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• pp.69-79
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to determine restaurant patrons' preference differences in interior design style of restaurants according to their lifestyles. Written questionnaires were handed out to 500 adults in Seoul and surroundings and the results were sampled by convenience sampling. The questionnaire was composed of respondents' general characteristics, lifestyles, and preference for 10 types of interior design style. A total of 415 questionnaires were usable for data analysis, resulting in a response rate of $83\%$. To analyze the collected data, frequency, factor, reliability, quick clustering K- means and One-Way ANOVA analysis were conducted using SPSS 10.0. The results showed that there were preference differences in 10 types of interior design style of restaurants according to lifestyle types which were categorized into 4 groups. The conservative and self-convinced group showed the lowest preference scores in the 10 types of interior design style which are Romantic, Ethnic, Classic, High-Tech, Elegant, Country, Modem, Minimal, Natural, and Casual style. The quality life pursuing group and extroverted individuality groups showed the high preference scores in most of the styles, especially in the Classic and Elegant styles. The realistic self-centered group showed the highest preference scores in Casual style among the 4 groups. These study findings indicate that restaurants should take into account their patrons' lifestyles as a mean of market segmentation, and respond to their taste and preference when they have established suitable servicescape.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.551-560
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• 2020

Due to the nature of fashion design that responds quickly and sensitively to changes, accurate forecasting for upcoming fashion trends is an important factor in the performance of fashion product planning. This study analyzed the major phenomena of fashion trends by introducing text mining and a big data analysis method. The research questions were as follows. What is the key term of the 2010SS~2019FW fashion trend? What are the terms that are highly relevant to the key trend term by year? Which terms relevant to the key trend term has shown high frequency in news articles during the same period? Data were collected through the 2010SS~2019FW Pre-Trend data from the leading trend information company in Korea and 45,038 articles searched by "fashion+material" from the News Big Data System. Frequency, correlation coefficient, coefficient of variation and mapping were performed using R-3.5.1. Results showed that the fashion trend information were reflected in the consumer market. The term with the highest frequency in 2010SS~2019FW fashion trend information was material. In trend information, the terms most relevant to material were comfort, compact, look, casual, blend, functional, cotton, processing, metal and functional by year. In the news article, functional, comfort, sports, leather, casual, eco-friendly, classic, padding, culture, and high-quality showed the high frequency. Functional was the only fashion material term derived every year for 10 years. This study helps expand the scope and methods of fashion design research as well as improves the information analysis and forecasting capabilities of the fashion industry.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.493-498
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• 2003

Ship is being operated under a highly dynamic environments and many factors are related with ship's collision and those factors are interacting. So, An analysis on the ship's collision muses is very important to prepare countermeasures which will ensure the safe navigation. And the analysis confirmed that ship's collision is occurred most frequently and the muse is closely related with human factor. The main purpose of this study is to build a model of human factors in ship's collision muse using SD(System Dynamics} approach and to measure a effect which is risk control countermeasures of ship's collision. To achieve this aim, the structure analysis on the muses of ship's collision using FSM are performed, and the structure was changed by quantitative, qualitative factors and their feedback loops in casual map. This model was performed over 20 years(1993-2012) in a standard simulation model and 8 policy simulation models.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.131-146
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• 2001

The main purpose of this study, based on implicit personality theory and attribution theory, was to examine whether there exist the physical attractiveness stereotype, "what is beautiful is good," in the present Korea, and if exist, what is the content of it. The index of the physical attractiveness of this study was the facial attractiveness judged by 30 female university students. The appropriateness of clothing was manipulated by 4 types of clothing perceived appropriate for two assumed situations by female university students. Three female faces having high, medium, and low attractiveness were simulated with the same body dressed four types of clothing using CAD system, and a total of 12 stimulus persons were created. A total of 524 male and female(262 of male, 262 of female) university students from 3 universities in Kwangju, Korea were participated as subjects in this study. The design for the experiment was a 3$\times$4$\times$2 randomaized factorial, with three levels of facial attractiveness (high, medium, low), and four types attire(formal-masculine, formal-feminine, casual-masculine, casual-feminine), two kinds of context (job interview, dating) in which perceptions were occurred. The data were analysed using factor analysis, MANOVA, t-test and Duncan test. The results were as follows: 1. The facial attractiveness exerted significant positive effects on the evaluation of sociability, adjustment, and potency of her in both of two assumed situations (p<.001, respectively). 2. The appropriateness of stimulus person′s clothing had significant positive erect on the evaluation of sociability of stimulus person in dating context(p<.001). 3. The gender of subjects did not influenced the trait evaluations in both of two assumed situations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.77-91
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the perceived facial attractiveness and appropriateness of clothing on the evaluation of task performance of target person mediated by subjects'likability toward and trait evaluation of the target person. The facial attractiveness of the female university students were used as index of physical attractiveness in this study. Three levels of facial attractiveness was manipulated based on the judgements by 30 female university students. Four types of clothes were selected perceived appropriate for two assumed situations by female university students. Three female faces having high. medium, and low attractiveness were simulated with the same body dressed four types of clothing respectively using CAD system, and a total of 12 stimulus persons were created. The design for the experiment was a $3\tiems4\times2$ randomaized factorial. with three levels of facial attractiveness(high, medium, low), and four types attire(formal-masculine, formal-feminine, casual-masculine, casual-feminine), two kinds of context (job interview, dating) in which perceptions were occurred. The subjects of this study was 524 male and female(262 of male, 262 of female) university students from 3 universities in Kwangju, Korea. The data were analysed using factor analysis. descriptive statistics, regression, path analysis. The results were as follows : 1. In bogus job interview. the direct effect of perceived facial attractiveness on task performance evaluation was .175 and the indirect effect mediated by likability and trait evaluation was .285 in path analysis model. The direct effect of perceived appropriateness of clothing on task performance evaluation was .111 and the indirect effect mediated by likability only was .0564 in pass analysis model. 2. In dating situation, the direct effect of perceived facial attractiveness on task performance evaluation was .355, the indirect effect mediated by likability and trait evaluation was .188 in path analysis model. The direct effect of perceived appropriateness of clothing on task performance evaluation was .108, the indirect effect mediated by likability and trait evaluation was .060 in Pass analysis.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.69-78
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify the variables which could characteristics the New Young Generation (NYG), to investigate the relationship between level of NYG characteristics and information searching related to underwear purchasing, and the differences level of the NYG characteristics according to demographic variables (sex, grade, major), and examine the casual relationships of demographic variables (sex, place of growing background, parent's education) and level of the NYG characteristics on information searching related to underwear purchasing. The subjects were 723 college students (female = 324, male=398) living in Seoul and Kyuggi were participated in this study. The NYG is limited to person who born after 1970's. The result of this study were as follows; 1. Five factors of New Young Generation oriented characteristics were identified; F.1 'Info-telecommunication(Info-Telecom)'; F.2 'Family and Marriage'; F.3 'Consumption pattern'; FA 'Self-centered (Individualism)'; F.5 Work/Career oriented. 2. The relationship between the NYG characteristics and information search in underwear purchasing were significanted. 3. In demographic variables, gender, grade, and major were partially significant differences. 4. In male students, the result of the casual relationship between demographic variables with NYG characteristics and the level of the NYG in underwear purchasing showed that grade, background of grownplace, level of parent's education were significanted the high level of info-telecom factor associated with higher grade, city-grown, higher level of parent's education. In conclusion, the result showed that the level of NYG characteristics was significant to male students and specially for grade older students. The background of parent's education level was the another important variables to predicting the NYG characteristics. Finally the higher the NYG characteristics, the more information search in underwear purchasing.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.51-67
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• 2000

The purpose of the study was to investigate general characteristics of brand images of men's wear manufacturers and differences in their brand images according to characteristics of their brands and their merchandise. Thus, this study was to be an exploratory study to search apparel niche-market in men's wear market for the marketers by exploring trends of brand images of men's wear manufacturers. The questionnaire consisted of questions on brand images and characteristics of men's wear manufacturers and their merchandise. The subjects were to evaluate their brand images and rated on 5 point Likert-type scales of 36 adjectives. For the survey, the subjects were 100 employees (62 merchandisers, and 24 designers, etc.) who are employed by men's wear manufacturers which have national brands, designer brands, license brands, import brands or private brands. The SAS PC+ package was used to calculate factor analysis, mean, ttest, ANOVA, Duncan's test, and Tukey's test. The results from the study were as follows: 1) High scores of mean of brand images were simple, prestigious, mannish, and dynamic. 2) The brand images of men’s wear manufacturers were divided into 10 factors which explain 73.91% of the whole image. 3) There were significant differences in brand images according to types of brands, price lines of merchandise and ages of target consumers. 4) There were significant differences in brand images according to categories of apparel (suits vs. casual clothing), types of suits, and types of casual clothing. 5) There were significant correlations between brand images, such as simple image to conservative image, prestigious image and chic image, prestigious image to conservative image, chic image and simple image, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2000

The collisions at sea among marine casualties are not reduced as the tonnage and speed of ship's increase as well as the traffic quantity increase at sea, in spite of the improvement of nautical equipment, enforcement of crew's education and training as well as improvement of quality standard according to the implementation of ISM code. The measures to prevent the collisions at sea are simple, and are composed of six stage.: The first stage is that the officer on duty detect the target from his eye or radar information. The second stage is determining the type and kind of target-ship. The third stage is target tracking; calculation of target speed, course, CPA and TCPA from radar information or visual check. The fourth stage is determination of vessel in danger after calculation of third stage. The fifth stage is the judgement of situation if own ship is stand-on or give way vessel according to the 1972 COLREG. The last stage is to carry out proper action according to 1972 COLREG, under the circumstances. But by the case, the situations are so different under the different external conditions; for example, natural/navigational conditions, crew's human factors, ship's particular, rule or regulation, management system on board, the condition of watch keeping. Therefore the reasons and casualties are so complicated. This study aims to investigate the collision casualty at sea which needs to clarity all these causal factors of afore-mentioned, and to analyze the causes of problems so as to utilize them to establish the measures of preventing marine accidents. This study, described the concepts of causal factors into three groups; environmental factor, and company/on board management system and navigator's act. Also described how to investigate and analyzes the casual factors. Even though it was described in this paper how to detect the causal factors and reasons of collisions, and how to analyze the inter-relation of each causal factors, it is necessary to do further study how to analyze between the liability of concerned parties and the casual factors involved.