• KSBB Journal
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.241-246
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• 2002

오늘날 섬유 염색공정에서 발생하는 염색폐수로 인해 많은 문제점들을 야기한다. 염색폐수에는 난분해성의 EG, PVA, TPA, 여러 종류의 계면활성제가 포함되어 있어 완전하게 처리하기가 어렵다. 현재 일반적으로 사용하고 있는 물리화학적 처리와 활성오니공정의 처리성을 향상하기 위하여 jet-loop reactor (JLR)와 물리화학적 처리를 결합한 새로운 공정을 개발하였다. JLR의 부피산소전달계수는 air-lift 반응기에 비해 아주 우수하였다. 또한 좀더 효율적인 처리를 위하여 JLR에 활성탄 담체를 적용하여 (JLRAS) 실험하였다. 체류시간이 8시간일 때 BOD, $COD_{Mn}$, $COD_{Cr}$, 색도 제거율은 각각 99, 86, 84, 83%로 우수하였다. JLRAS 성능은 $COD_{Mn}$의 부하 변동에도 아주 빠르게 회복되었다. 2차 물리화학적 응집처리의 최적 응집제로는 폴리황산제2철이며 130 mg/L 투입하였을때 $COD_{Mn}$과 색도의 제거율은 자각 85, 73%였다. 결론적으로 이 공정으로 난분해성의 많은 유기물을 효율적으로 처리할 수 있으며 운전비용도 감소시킬 수 있었다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.451-461
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• 2005

The effect of carbon dioxide on yeast growth was investigated during the cultivation of pH 5.0 and pH 6.8. by replacing the nitrogen part with carbon dioxide under aerobic conditions. The values of the specific growth rate under pH 5.0 and pH 6.8 conditions became 64.0% and 46.9%, respectively, compared to those before the change in gas composition. This suggests that the effect of carton dioxide was greater pronounced in pH 6.8 than in pH 5.0. The genome-wide transcriptional response to elevated carbon dioxide was examined using a DNA microarray. As for upregulated genes, it was noteworthy that 3 genes were induced upon entry into a stationary phase and 6 genes were involved in stress response. Of 53 downregulated genes, 22 genes were involved in the ribosomal biogenesis and assembly and 5 genes were involved in the lipid metabolism. These facts suggest that carbon dioxide could bring the cell conditions partially to a stationary phase. The ALD6 gene encoding for cytosolic acetaldehyde dehydrogenase was downregulated, which would lead to a lack of cell components for the growth. The downregulation of ALD6 was greater in pH 6.8 than in pH 5.0. consistent with physiological response. This suggests that it might be the most effective factor for growth inhibition.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.737-741
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• 1988

필리핀산 푸른 바나나의 저장성을 구명하고자 포장방법과 전처리 방법을 달리하여 $13^{\circ}C$에서 60일 저장하면서 시험한결과는 다음과 같다. 내포장한 것이 하지 않는 것 보다 저장성이 더 있었고 방사선 조사에 의한 것은 효과가 없었다. 가용성 고형분의 변화는 포장구는 저장 6일후 $17^{\circ}Brix$였고, 무포장구는 저장 40일 후 $20^{\circ}Brix$였다. 색도는 저장 60일 후 포장구는 3, 무포장구는 저장40일 후에 7이 되었다. 경도는 포장구는 40일 후, 무포장구는 20일 후에 급격히 저하하였다. 부패 및 흑변 발생율은 포장구는 60일 후 3% 무포장구는 40일 후에 100% 발생했다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 1972

5 bed sand filter, applying biological oxidation, was designed and studied on the treatment of water works. Never using any coagulant agent (drugs), which may cause water pollution in pre-treatment of head water, the auther attempt a high rate filtration by the microorganism (nitrofication bacteria) end plant which populate in multi layer sand beds. The result are as follows : In order to evaluate the oxygen effect on filtration, oxygen was injected in aeration tank attached to each filter tank while filtration, and $NH_3$ was tested as a representaiive ingredient. It was found out that the aeration method was more effective, with over 33% of $NH_3$ removal capacity, than the anerobic and this 5 bed filter showed double removal capacity of $NH_3$ by comparing with conventional sand bed (2 stage bed). According to the examination of two kind of head water, pre-treated with coagulant agent and activated carton, the filtration capacity was affected by the polluted condition of head water, resulting that lower value of pollution and slower velocity of filtration showed more efficiency of $NH_3$ removal. In this experiment $NH_3$ content tested in treated water had a fairly good correlation with others.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권13호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2008

이 논문은 문화콘텐츠의 경제적 가치를 인식하고 산업화하는 시기임에도 불구하고 저작권 논란이 끊임없이 일어나고 있는 시점에서 '저작권을 누구에게, 언제, 어떻게 이해할 수 있게 교육시킬 것인가'에 대하여 연구한 것이다. 정규교육기관 중에서 대학은 사회로 나가기 전 단계에 해당한다. 이때가 자신과 타인의 저작권에 대한 중요성을 이해하기 위한 교육에 가장 적절한 시기이다. 특히 문화콘텐츠 산업의 저작권자 또는 종사자가 될 만화 애니메이션 캐릭터 전공 대학의 학생들에게 대학교육과정에서의 저작권교육은 저작물을 개발하고 보호하는 인재 육성의 밑거름이자 사회 경제적 자산이 될 것이다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.345-352
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• 1995

진공예냉처리에 의한 표고버섯의 변색, PPO활성 및 유리아미노산 함량 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사 하였다. 저장중 예냉처리한 버섯의 경우 예냉처리하지 않은 버섯에 비하여 표면색택의 변화가 억제되어짐을 알 수 있었다. 한편 저장중 Polyphenoloxidase(PPO) 의 활성은 증가하였는데 예냉처리한 버섯의 경우 예냉처리하지 않은 버섯에 비하여 PPO 활성이 낮게 나타났고 갈변이 진행되면서 그 활성이 상대적으로 더 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 포장방법에 있어서는 PVC 랩포장한 경우가 골판지 포장한 표고버섯에 비하여 변색이 억제됨을 알 수 있었고 아울러 PPO 활성도 더 낮게 나타났다. 표고버섯의 유리아미노산 함량은 수확 직후에는 2,501 mg%였으며 그 중 glutamic acid가 가장 많았고, 저장중 유리아미노산 함량은 계속 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 처리구별 차이를 보면 예냉처리한 버섯의 유리아미노산 함량이 예냉처리하지 않은 버섯에 비하여 전반적으로 높게 나타났으며, 저장온도와 포장방법 그리고 기간에 따라서 상당한 변화를 보였다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.163-171
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• 1994

This experiment was conducted to investigate the discrimination of cigarette brands and the similarity between Korea and America cigarette brands by near infrared spectra. Statistical tools such as principal component analysis (PCA) and mahalanobis distance(M.D) were used. The discrimination rate of the Korea and the America cigarette brands, determined by position number which was calculated with PCA and M.D, was 94% and 87%, respectively. The spectra of the 10 America cigarette brands were selected by averaging 5 sample spectra for each brand and another 5 spectra for each brand were investigated to use as the sample spectra. Comparing the sample spectra with the selected spectra by M.D using 410-1090 nm, 1110-1850 nm and 1970-2490 nm wavelength, the discrimination rate which was determined by the closest M.D between the sample and the selected spectra was 100% when each spectra was investigated on the same time. But the discrimination rate decreased 50% when the sample and the selected spectra were investigated on the different time. Excluding 1970-2490 nm wavelength, the discrimination rate increased up to 90% when the sample and the selected spectra were investigated on the different time. Comparing the spectra of Korea cigarette brands with those of America cigarette brands by M.D using only 410-1090 nm and 1110-1850 nm wavelength, the spectra of Expo(G) was similar to Winston, Vantage(U.L) and Benson & hedges(M.), the spectra of Hanaro(D) was similar to Carrel, Winston(L), Vantage(U.L), \Vantage and Carrel(L), the spectra of Hanaro(L) was similar to Winston(L) , Carton, Vantage and Carmel(L) and the spectra of Pinetree was similar to Kent, Kool, Kent(G.L), Merit and Benson & hedges(L), respectively. Key Words : NIRS, cigarette brands discrimination

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권sup1호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2016

Comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising and promotion were introduced through tobacco control legislation in Viet Nam, but it has been established that violations of the bans are very common. This study was conducted to explore the trend in violations of bans on tobacco advertising and promotion at points of sale in Viet Nam in the past six years and to explore any differences in the violation situations before and after the Law on Tobacco Control came into effect on 1st May 2013. Quantitative data were collected through observation of violations of the bans on tobacco advertising and promotion at points of sale in 10 provinces throughout Viet Nam in four survey rounds (2009, 2010, 2011, and 2015). Variation in violation prevalence over time was examined by chi-square test using a Bonferini method. Binary logistic regression was employed to identify the factors that may have influences on different types of violation. A level of significance of p<0.05 was used for all tests in this article. The most common form of violation was the display of more than one pack/one carton of a cigarette brand. Violation of bans on tobacco advertising increased while violations on promotion ban and on displaying tobacco decreased through time. Some factors associated with the tobacco advertising and promotion bans included surveyed years, types of points of sale, regions and areas where the points of sale were located. The enforcement of the bans did not improve even after the issuance and the enactment of the Law on Tobacco Control. This suggests that the monitoring and enforcement of bans on tobacco advertising and promotion at points of sale should be strengthened. Penalties should be strictly applied for violators as indicated in the current tobacco control legislation.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2004

This study was carried out to examinate the effect of aging period on chromatic, chemical and organoleptic characteristics, and to evaluate of optimum aging period for each grade in burley leaf tobacco. The leaf tobaccos were produced in 2000, and threshed, redried and packed in carton box under the current methods. Four grades of processed leaf(A3T, B1T, C1W and D3W) were stored during 24 months (May 10, 2001 to April 31, 2003) in warehouse of Chungju Leaf Tobacco Processing Factory. The leaf tobaccos were sampled at three month intervals for analysis of chromatic, chemical and organoleptic properties. pH values of four grades, and Yellow(b) of A3T and BIT were also significantly decreased during the aging. Filling values, tar, nicotine and CO contents of tobacco smoke, and puff number of cigarettes were not significantly changed during the aging. Positive correlation coefficients were significantly observed between irritation of the calculated attributes from contents of volatile oil components in leaf tobacco and that of the panel sensory attributes. The ratio of maximum change in irritation attribute was larger than that in taste attribute during aging. The calculated irritations of 18～24 months aging for A3T and B1T were significantly lower than zero-aging, while those of C1W and D3W were not significant among aging periods. The panel irritations of 12～15 months aging for four grades were low tendency. The results suggest that decrease of aging period for thin leaf from 21～24 to 12～15 months may be beneficial to save storage cost in burley tobacco.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2004

This study was carried out to examinate the effect of aging period on chromatic, chemical and organoleptic characteristics, and to evaluate of optimum aging period for each grade in flue-cured leaf tobacco. The leaf tobaccos were produced in 2000, and threshed, redried and packed in carton box under the current methods. Four grades of processed leaf(A3O, B1O, C1L and D3L) were stored during 24 months(May 10, 2001 to April 31, 2003) in warehouse of Chungju Leaf Tobacco Processing Factory. The leaf tobaccos were sampled at three month intervals for analysis of chromatic, chemical and organoleptic properties. Yellow(b), pH values and total sugar contents of four grades were significantly decreased during the aging. Filling values, tar, nicotine and CO contents of tobacco smoke, and puff number of cigarettes were not significantly changed during the aging. Positive correlation coefficients were significantly observed between taste and irritation of the calculated attributes from contents of volatile oil components in leaf tobacco and those of the panel sensory attributes. The ratio of maximum change in taste attribute was larger than that in irritation attribute during aging. The optimum aging periods estimated by taste for A3O, B1O, C1L and D3L were 17.8, 14.9, 10.8, and 9.8 months, respectively. The thin leaf(Primings and Cutters) undergo satisfactory aging earlier as compared to bodied leaf(Leaf and Tips). The results suggest that decrease of aging period for thin leaf from 18～21 to 9～12 months may be beneficial to save storage cost in flue-cured tobacco.