• 치위생과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2013

Recently, there have been improvements in diagnostic methods for the assessment of early caries lesions. The reason is that dental professionals are seeking methods to reliably detect incipient dental caries and to remineralize them. This review examines the literature on principles, theoretical background, and history of the Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence (QLF) system (Inspektor Research Systems BV, The Netherlands). Furthermore, this paper discusses the potential application of QLF system to clinical practice for educational purpose, enabling dental hygiene students to perform oral health assessment using the QLF system. In addition, the clinical application of QLF system can motivate patients by providing additional visual information about caries and bacterial activity. The evidences on validity and reliability of the QLF system for detection of longitudinal changes in de/remineralization and caries were examined. The QLF system is capable of monitoring and quantifying mineral changes in early caries lesions. Therefore, it can be used to assess the impacts of caries preventive measures on the remineralization and reversal of the caries process. And the QLF system is a very promising equipment to assess educational effectiveness for dental hygiene students in their learning process. In conclusion, the QLF system is the most effective technology for more sensitive staging of caries and treatment without surgical intervention.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.691-703
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• 1998

Saliva is obviously potential medium to protect the dental caries by not only physical clearing effect, but aggregating action of protein with bacteria. Nevertheless, we still do not understand how the dental caries occur and what brings the individual difference in caries prevalence. In the regards of dental caries prevalence, we hypothesized that the composition of salivary protein might be different from caries susceptible group to caries resistant group. The purposes of this experiment were focused on the molecular analysis of salivary proteins from the subjects who were involved in multiple caries. Electrophoretic analysis was done on the whole saliva collected from the children with and without multiple caries. We found 86.2% of subjects with multiple caries has approximately 120 KDa protein band while 30.4% in the healthy subjects. And the concentration of the total protein on the subjects with multiple caries is significantly higher than that of the healthy group. However, it turned out that the difference of the salivary composition does not affect the bacterial adhesion to hydroxyapatite bead. With regards of enzymes in saliva, the activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$ and lactate dehydrogenase does not have any significant difference between both groups. However, the concentrations of $Na^+\;and\;Cl^-$ in saliva from multiple caries group is higher than that of the control group. Taken all together, it may be concluded that 120 KDa protein in saliva may be associated with the process of dental caries, also the high concentration of protein and $Na^+,\;Cl^-$ in saliva may be linked to dental caries development as a cofactors.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2023

Objectives: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent human diseases worldwide. The disease initiates with bacterial adherence to the tooth surface followed by the formation of dental plaques. Mutans streptococci and Candida albicans are principal oral microorganisms involved in the initiation and development of dental caries. Phytochemicals have been shown to possess promising antimicrobial properties against a wide range of microorganisms and can be used for the prevention and treatment of dental caries. Herein, we reviewed literature on plants that are traditionally used for their antimicrobial properties or possess promising anticariogenic activity. We selected aerial parts of Scrophularia striata (S. striata) and galls of Quercus infectoria (Q. infectoria) and investigated their antimicrobial activity against cariogenic microorganisms. Methods: Water soluble fractions were obtained from hydroalcoholic extracts of S. striata and Q. infectoria and their antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus), and Candida albicans (C. albicans) was evaluated separately and in combination. The extracts were then used for preparing an herbal mouthwash whose stability and tannic acid content were evaluated over 60 days. Results: Q. infectoria gall extract possesses efficient antimicrobial activity that was synergistically enhanced in the presence of S. striata extract. Mouthwash prepared using these extracts showed desirable organoleptic characteristics, antimicrobial activity, and stability. Conclusion: Extracts of S. striata and Q. infectoria galls can be used together for preparing dental products with effective anticariogenic properties. Our study highlights the importance of extensive pharmacological investigations when using herbal products alone or in combination with other chemical substances.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2001

This study was conducted to find antibacterial agent against growth of dental caries bacteria. St. mutans KDJ-50 from various medicinal plants of which safety was indetified. Medicinal plants used in this study was dried and grinded after purchased at Daegu yakryung sijang and Kyungsan jungang sijang. Medicinal plants extracted with 80% ethanol at boiling point for 3 hrs was used as antibacterial agent after freeze dried. This study was conducted to find antibacterial agent against growth of dental caries bacteria. St. mutans KDJ-50 from 32 medicinal plants of which safety was indetified. The result of using paper disc method. Caryophylli Flos. Coptidis Rhizoma. Phellodendri Cortex. Schizamdrae Fructs. Myristicae Semen, Crataegi Fructus and Acori Graminei Rhizoma was selected as antibacterial agent. The result of viable cell counting method. the antibacterial activity of Caryophylli Flos was highest among tested 7 medicinal plants followed by Phellodendri Cortex and Coptidis Rhizoma. The extinction effect of the St. mutans by Caryophylli Flos was shown with the addition of 0.5 (w/v) in the medium. The high antibacterial activity was acquired at high extraction temperature and long extraction temperature. The antibacterial activity of Caryophylli Flos was not effected by the concentration of ethanol.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.465-472
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 20대 여대생에게 개인에 따라 치아우식증 발생에 작용하는 서로 다른 요인을 찾아내기 위해 치아우식병 발생요인 중 타액요인을 집중적으로 분석하고자 타액분비율, 타액점조도, 타액완충능을 조사하였으며, 치면세균막내 산체류도 치아우식증에 큰 영향을 주기에 치면세균막 수소이온농도를 함께 조사 하여 비교 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 다음과 같은 분석결과는 20대 여대생의 치아우식활성검사 결과판독의 기초자료를 제공하고, 치아우식증 발생요인을 규명하는데 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시되었다. 1. 조사 대상자의 평균 우식치아는 1.67개 이었으며, 치아우식으로 인한 발거치아는 0.47개 충전치아는 6.31개로 나타났다. 따라서 평균 영구치우식경험치아는 8.44개로 조사되었다. 2. 치아우식활성검사 방법에 따른 성적으로는 평균 자극성타액분비량은 $12.56{\pm}4.15ml$, 비자극성타액분비량은 $3.89{\pm}1.83ml$, 타액점조도는 $1.49{\pm}0.69$, 타액완충능은 $8.51{\pm}2.44$, 치면세균막 수소이온농도검사는 양치전 $5.62{\pm}0.50$, 양치후 5분 $5.23{\pm}0.58$, 양치후 10분 $5.25{\pm}0.56$, 양치후 15분 $5.29{\pm}0.62$, 양치후 20분 $5.34{\pm}0.58$, 양치후 25분 $5.40{\pm}0.53$, 양치후 30분 $5.61{\pm}0.59$로 나타났다. 3. 자극성타액 및 비자극성타액 분비량, 타액점조도, 타액완충능은 비우식집단이 우식집단 보다 높게 나타났으나, 통계적으로는 유의하지 않았다. 치면세균막 수소이온 농도는 진행 중인 치아우식증이 있는 자와의 관계에서도 전체적으로 통계적인 유의성을 나타내지 않았으나, 비우식집단이 우식집단보다 높게 나타났다. 4. 우식활성검사방법간의 상관관계는 자극성타액분비량은 비자극성 타액분비량과는 유의한 양의 상관이 있었으며(p<0.001), 비자극성타액분비량은 타액완충능과 음의 상관을 나타냈다(p<0.01). 치면세균막 수소이온농도 검사는 양치후 시간이 경과함에 따라 양의 상관을 보였으나, 타액점조도 및 타액완충능과는 유의한 상관이 없었다(p>0.05).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.490-496
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• 2006

This study aimed to evaluate in vitro effects of Rheum undulatum L. root on the development of dental caries, especially its effects on viability, dental plaque formation, and glycolytic acid production of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. Methanol extract of Rheum undulatum L. root and its fractions were prepared and tested. Among the test extract and fractions, dichloromethane fraction (DF) showed the most active antibacterial activity (inhibition zone: 13-17 mm) against S. mutans and S. sobrinus in a disc diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of DF against these bacteria ranged from 0.25 to 0.5 mg/mL. Furthermore, DF significantly inhibited the caries-inducing factors of these bacteria. At sub-MIC levels, DF inhibited in vitro dental plaque formation by S. mutans and S. sobrinus ($IC_{50}$= 0.079 and 0.142 mg/mL, respectively), which was caused, in part, by the inhibitory effect on the activity of glucosyltransferases. A significant reduction of glycolytic acid production was found at the concentration as low as 0.032 mg/mL for S. mutans and 0.063 mg/mL for S. sobrinus. The possible bioactive compounds that are inducing in vitro anti-cariogenic activity of DF are unknown. Based on the preliminary phytochemical analysis, the activity of DF may be related to the presence of anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, coumarines, sterols/terpenes, and phenolics. These results indicate that DF is probably useful for the control of dental plaque formation and subsequent dental caries development.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 1991

Dental caries has been reported to be infectious disease by Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans). The ability of S. mutans to produce dental plaque has been shown to be related to glucan synthesis from sucrose by glucosyltransferase (GTase). Glucan is known to play an important role in the initiation of smooth surface caries. For preventing dental caries by traditional medicines, two hundred kinds of natural products were assayed for inhibiting activity against S. mutans and GTase. During the assay course, we chose some active plants against S. mutans and GTase and then applied these plant extracts to toothpaste.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.182-190
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• 2013

이 연구는 2012년 11월 12일부터 11월 30일까지 D대학교에 재학 중인 치과대학 대학생 100명을 대상으로 타액을 채취하여 타액으로부터의 Streptococcus mutans 분포 정도를 측정한 후 치아 우식활성도를 분석하는 실험연구이다. 타액을 채취하기 전 간단한 자기기입식 설문지를 작성하였고, paraffin을 1분간 저작하여 타액을 컵에 모은 후 screening strip 전면에 타액이 충분하게 묻도록 하여 측정하였다. 연구 대상자의 일반적 특성을 파악하기 위해 빈도와 백분율을 산출하였고, 연구대상자의 흡연과 음주 유무 혹은 기간에 따라 치아 우식활성도의 연관성을 알아보기 위하여 빈도와 백분율, $x^2$ 검증을 통하여 파악한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 연구대상자들의 50% 이상에서 치아 우식활성도 평가의 음성단계를 나타내고 있었다. 2. 흡연은 S. mutans의 분포에 영향을 미치고 있으며, 흡연 기간이 길어질수록 S. mutans가 많아짐에 따라 치아 우식활성도가 높아졌다. 3. 음주는 S. mutans의 분포에 크게 영향을 미치고 있으며, 음주 기간이 길어질수록 S. mutans가 많아짐에 따라 치아 우식활성도가 높아졌다. 4. 연구대상자의 흡연 및 음주유무, 성별에 따른 우식활성도의 평균 차이는 맨휘트니 유 검정을 사용하여 분석한 결과, 우식의 단계와 흡연 및 음주유무, 성별에 따라 치아우식에는 근사유의확률 양측의 값이 각각 0.476, 0.974, 0.772이었으며, 모두 통계학적인 유의성은 없었다. 결론적으로 빈도와 백분율을 흡연과 음주는 초기 우식 유발 세균인 S. mutans의 분포에 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 통계학적으로는 유의미한 차이는 없었다. 향후 관련된 여러 요인들을 모두 관리, 통제하거나 추가적으로 선별 투입한 실험연구를 통하여 구강건강을 위한 다양하고 더 많은 사례연구가 요청되고 있다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.421-429
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of syrup medication for asthmatic children on the salivary invertase activity and caries experience. 26 ashmatic children for the study group and 30 healthy children for the control group were selected, respectively. Caries experience was examined and salivary reductase activity was tested. The parents of asthmatic children were asked to fill in the questionaire about syrup intake period and home dental behavior, and the parents of healthy children were asked to fill in the same questionaire without syrup intake period. The results were as follows : 1. The ds index of asthmatic children were higher than that of healthy children(P < 0.05). 2. There was significant difference in dt index between the intake period of 'shorter than 10 months' and 'longer than 20 months'. The ds, dft and dfs indices had a tendency to increase as the intake period increased. 3. The salivary reductase activity had a tendency to increase as the intake period of syrup increased.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2012

보건의료분야의 제반환경의 개선에도 불구하고 국민들의 구강건강상태는 아직도 OECD국가 중에서 매우 열악한 상태이다. 국민들의 구강건강을 효율적으로 증진유지하기 위해서는 중대구강병인 치아우식증을 예방하고 조기에 치료할 수 있는 구강보건진료가 이루어져야 한다. 특히 평생구강건강유지에 중요한 연령층인 초등학교학생들을 대상으로 정기적인 계속구강건강관리제도가 시급히 필요하나 초등학생 대상 계속구강건강관리방식의 치아우식예방관리법의 효과에 관한 사례가 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 광주광역시 소재의 S 치과에 2005년 12월부터 2006년 2월에 내원한 만6세에서 13세 환자 중 환자보호자의 동의를 받은 총 39명을 대상으로 실험군과 대조군으로 분류하여 치아우식활성도와 치아우식경험도를 조사하여 지역사회 치과의원에서 기초자료로 활용할 목적으로 시행한바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 계속구강건강관리군의 기간별 Alban's test 및 Lactobacillius test 점수는 6개월경과 후 초진시의 1.4배에서 1.5배 감소되었고, 12개월경과 후 초진시의 1.5배에서 1.6배 감소되었다(p<0.001). 2. 계속구강건강관리군의 기간별 간이구강위생지수는 6개월과 12개월경과 후 초진시의 1.6배 감소되었다(p<0.05). 3. 12개월경과 후 우식경험영구치지수는 계속관리군(1.88개)에서 대조군(2.72개)보다 1.4배 감소되었으며, 우식영구치지수는 계속관리군(0.07개)에서 대조군(0.85개)보다 12배 감소되었다(p<0.05). 4. 12개월경과 후 제1대구치건강도는 계속관리군(98.04%)에서 대조군(95.97%)보다 1.02배 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 이상과 같은 결과에 의하여 지역사회 치과의원에서 지속적인 계속구강건강관리제도를 시행하여 아동의 평생구강건강상태를 유지시켜야 한다고 사료되었다.