Journal of Pharmacopuncture (대한약침학회지)

KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE (대한약침학회)
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Combined Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts from Quercus infectoria Galls and Scrophularia striata Aerial Parts for an Anticariogenic Herbal Mouthwash

  • Pooya, Falakdin (Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Dara, Dastan (Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Shabnam, Pourmoslemi (Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences)
  • Received : 2022.09.20
  • Accepted : 2023.01.30
  • Published : 2023.03.31
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Abstract

Objectives: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent human diseases worldwide. The disease initiates with bacterial adherence to the tooth surface followed by the formation of dental plaques. Mutans streptococci and Candida albicans are principal oral microorganisms involved in the initiation and development of dental caries. Phytochemicals have been shown to possess promising antimicrobial properties against a wide range of microorganisms and can be used for the prevention and treatment of dental caries. Herein, we reviewed literature on plants that are traditionally used for their antimicrobial properties or possess promising anticariogenic activity. We selected aerial parts of Scrophularia striata (S. striata) and galls of Quercus infectoria (Q. infectoria) and investigated their antimicrobial activity against cariogenic microorganisms. Methods: Water soluble fractions were obtained from hydroalcoholic extracts of S. striata and Q. infectoria and their antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus), and Candida albicans (C. albicans) was evaluated separately and in combination. The extracts were then used for preparing an herbal mouthwash whose stability and tannic acid content were evaluated over 60 days. Results: Q. infectoria gall extract possesses efficient antimicrobial activity that was synergistically enhanced in the presence of S. striata extract. Mouthwash prepared using these extracts showed desirable organoleptic characteristics, antimicrobial activity, and stability. Conclusion: Extracts of S. striata and Q. infectoria galls can be used together for preparing dental products with effective anticariogenic properties. Our study highlights the importance of extensive pharmacological investigations when using herbal products alone or in combination with other chemical substances.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work is adapted from the PharmD thesis of the first author at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences and supported by Vice-chancellor for Research and Technology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, under (grant number 9811299113).

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