• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.52-62
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• 1997

This study was intended to examine the zinc status of free-living adult women living in the Taegu region. Zine intake of 102 female subjects was measured by food frequency method for 3 consecutive days. Urinary zine was assessed from urine samples collected fir twenty four hours. Average dietary zinc intake of adult female subjects using food record was 5.9$\pm$1.8mg which was 49$\%$of Korean RDA. When zine intake by frequency method was higher than by food record. Average urinary zine intake by frequency method was higher than that by food record. Thus, it appeared that zinc intake by frequency method was higher than that by food record. Average urinary zinc excretion of 102 adult female subjects was 0.28$\pm$0.16mg, which belonged to marginal zinc deficiency range. Fifty nine of 102 subjects showed marginal zinc deficiency as assessed by urinary zinc excretion. If we compare the zinc status of adult female subjects by age group, zinc intake in the 50s was significantly higher than any other age groups. However, there were no significant differences in zinc status according to BMI groups and BMI groups. Significant correlations were found between zinc intake and energy, protein, carbohydrate and fat intake. Based on dietary zinc intake and urinary zinc, we concluded that zinc status of adult female living in the Taegu region is marginally deficient.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.117-130
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to compare differences in the main food components of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivated in Hongcheon after steaming, boiling, and roasting. Among the general components, crude protein, fat, and ash content were the highest in raw quinoa. Dry matter and carbohydrate content was the highest in steamed quinoa, while total dietary fiber content was highest in roasted quinoa. Total amino acid contents were the highest in boiled quinoa and lowest in steamed quinoa. Fatty acid content was highest in raw quinoa and lowest in boiled quinoa. The mineral (calcium, potassium, and phosphorus) and vitamin content was most enriched in raw quinoa, while iron, magnesium, zinc, and manganese were highest in boiled quinoa. For free sugars, the fructose and sucrose levels were highest in raw quinoa, while glucose level was highest in roasted quinoa. The water-soluble vitamin and free sugar contents were lowest in boiled quinoa. In summary, nutritional levels of vitamins vulnerable to heat and unsaturated fatty acids decreased after cooking with heat, while those of amino acids and saturated fatty acids increased after cooking with heat, although there were variables based on different cooking methods.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.447-458
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• 2020

This study assessed yearly trends of food and nutrient intake among high school students aged 16 to 18 years (n=2,377) using the 2007~2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Yearly trends of food or nutrient intake were analyzed via logistic regression analysis. The results showed that consumption of sugars & sweets, and beverages & alcohols was increased rapidly during this period (p<0.0001). Intake of meat & meat products, and fish & shellfish also was increased (p=0.0008). Intake of grains and grain products was increased until year 2011 but declined after 2012 (p=0.0025). Consumption of vegetables, and milk & milk products was decreased (p=0.0395). Intake of protein, fat, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and iron was increased (p=0.0445). Carbohydrate energy ratio was decreased, whereas fat energy ratio was increased (p=0.0235). Most nutrient intakes satisfied the dietary reference intakes for Koreans except dietary fiber (19.6~26.2%), calcium (46.9~55.2%) and sodium (more than 221.4%) during this period. There was a significant positive correlation between most food group intakes and most nutrient intakes (p=0.0468). Therefore, it is crucial to increase dietary fiber and calcium intake and decrease consumption of sugars, fats and sodium through diverse eating of food groups to ensure balanced nutrition of subjects.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.461-474
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to explore the difference in nutrient intakes between normocholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia. The subjects were classified as normocholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia based on The Guideline for Korean Hyperlipidemia. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to measure the dietary intakes of the subjects. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Intakes of nutrients such as energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, minerals, and antioxidant vitamins were not significantly different between the normocholesterolemia group and hypercholesterolemia group. However, antioxidant vitamins and folate intakes in the hypercholesterolemia group tended to be lower than those in the normocholesterolmia group. Intakes of vitamin A, vitamin E, and Ca in normocholesterolemia was much less than the RDA for those nutrients in normocholesterolemia. Cholesterol intake in the hypercholesterolemia group was significantly higher than that in the normochoesterolemia group. However, mean cholesterol intake(240 mg/day) of the hypercholesterolemia group was much less than that of Americans whose cholesterol intake was 400 - 500 me/day. Fatty acid intakes were not significantly different between normocholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia groups but the hypercholesterolemia group tended to consume $\omega$3 fatty acids less than the normocholesterolemia group. Out data indicate that cholesterol intake is man important determinant of serum cholesterol levels in postmenopausal women. The results of this study provide information that is important in designing appropriate dietary guidelines for hypercholesterolemia in postmenopausal women.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.249-257
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the body weight perception of adolescents and to investigate the difference between mental health and weight control behavior according to body weight perception. Methods: Study data on 12-18 years old adolescents with normal BMI was obtained from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015). Rao-Scott Chi-square test and ANOVA were used for the analysis. Results: The percentage of adolescents with a misperception of body weight was 43.3%, and their subjective health status (p=.013), stress perception (p=.001), and depression (p=.001) were worse than for adolescents who had the correct perception of their body weight. The percentage of adolescents who were trying to lose weight while perceiving their body weight as normal was 36.9%. Body weight control behavior had significant differences according to dietary intake (frequency of eating dinner (p=.015)), energy intake (p=.004), and carbohydrate intake (p<.001), but there was no significant difference according to exercise. Conclusion: Parents, school teachers, and nurses should make efforts to ensure that Korean adolescents perceive their body weight correctly, and prevent unhealthy weight control behaviors.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.846-855
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• 2009

This study was performed to assess gender differences in rates of obesity, dietary behaviors, and nutrient intakes among college students living in Gwangju. Anthropometric measurements showed that the body mass indexes (BMIs) of the males and females were $22.1{\pm}2.6$ and $20.1{\pm}2.4$ respectively. All obesity indices including BMI, relative body weight (RBW), % body fat by bioelectrical impedence analysis (BIA), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were significantly higher in the males than in the females. Abdominal fat was also found to be higher in the males whereas underweight was prominent in the female students. The dietary behaviors of the males as determined by dietary scores, were poorer than those of the females. Twenty-four hour dietary recalls revealed that most nutrient intakes were adequate, exceptions of vitamin C, Ca, and folate intakes in both sexes and Fe intake in the female students. Ca and folate intakes were below 75% of the KDRI for both genders. In addition, Unbalanced energy ratios of carbohydrate, protein, and fat were noted in both genders. Effective nutrition education programs targeting college students should be developed and implemented to increase Ca and folate consumption. It is suggested that gender-based nutrition education approaches be created due to poor dietary behavior in males and inadequate nutrient intakes in female college students.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.197-203
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• 2000

The enzymatic properties of $\beta$-galactosidases from Aspergillus oryzae, bovine liver and Saccharomyces pragilis have been studied using enzyme-linked lectin assay based on the RC $A_{120}$ and BS-II lectins which specifically bind to terminal galactose and GlcNAc residue, respectively. Asialofetuin, a monomeric glycoprotein with approximately 48 kDa in molecular weight, was used as a substrate. This glycoprotein contains three N-linked triantennary complex type carbohydrate chains with each of which terminating in Ga1$\beta$P1 longrightarrow4G1cNAc (74%). Their optimal pHs were 3.5 and 6.5 (A. oryzae), and 3.5~5.5 (bovine liver and S. fragilis) at 37$^{\circ}C$ during 24 hrs, and the effective concentrations were 0.9, 2.9, and 1.7 mg/ml, respectively The enzyme from A oryzae requires 100 mM N $a^{+}$ or $K^{+}$, while the enzyme from bovine liver requires $Ba^{2+}$ for activity. However all of the three $\beta$-galactosidases were inactivated by SDS and C $u^{2+}$. These results indicate that the hydrolysis of glycoprotein such as asialofetuin depends on the reaction conditions of $\beta$-galactosidases and some metal ions. ions.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.33-38
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• 2021

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is caused by insufficient production of insulin, which is involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has insulin resistance in which cells do not respond adequately to insulin. The purpose of this study was to estimate the characteristics of type 1 diabetes using streptozotocin-treated mice (STZ-mouse). The sera samples were collected from the models of hyperglycemic mouse and healthy mouse. Based on the pair-wise comparison, five metabolites were found to be noticeable: glucose, malonic acid, 3-hyroxybutyrate, methanol, and tryptophan. It was very natural glucose was upregulated in STZ-mouse. 3-hyroxybutyrate was also increased in the model. However, malonic acid, tryptophan, and methanol was downregulated in STZ-mouse. Several metabolites acetoacetate, acetone, alanine, arginine, asparagine, histidine, lysine, malate, methionine, ornithine, proline, propylene glycol, threonine, tyrosine, and urea tended to be varied in STZ-mouse while the statistical significance was not stratified for the variation. The multivariate model of PCA clearly showed the group separation between healthy control and STZ-mouse. The most significant metabolites that contributed the group separation included glucose, citrate, ascorbate, and lactate. Lactate did not show the statistical significance of change in t-test while it tends to down-regulated both in DNP and Diabetes.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.113-121
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• 2019

The personalized meal service is being developed to prevent and alleviate illnesses according to the individual's health condition. However, the current meal does not provide a fully customized service to individuals and a diet that meets the consumer's information needs. The cause is the lack of information on the ingredients and the difficulty of comparative analysis between the materials. Therefore, in this study, we propose basic analysis process for basic information acquisition and database construction for food composition before providing personalized food. In this study, we investigated the content of carbohydrate, reducing sugar and protein as basic components of Grifola frondosa and investigate the content of polyphenol as a biological active ingredients. Respectively. Studies on the hypoglycemic effect of the diabetic rat model have been carried out in relation to the prevention of diseases. Based on the results of this study, it is also possible to obtain information on the basic ingredients of the food and to analyze the information on the content and activity of the biological active ingredients. Using animal models, information on disease prevention and mitigation was also available. The process introduced in this study is applied to various food materials, accumulating data, and utilizing Database, this results will be an excellent tool for providing more efficient service by providing a proper dietary composition for consumers.

• Journal of Apiculture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.297-301
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• 2018

Hawthorn is widely distributed in Korea and has been used as herbal medicine for treating various cardiovascular disease, arteriosclerosis and hypertension in Korea. In order to select superior honey tree plant from Korea, the free sugar and organic acid in hawthorn fruits, including five Korean clones and four Chinese cultivars, were evaluated. We also compared these hawthorn fruits of five clones (selected from different area of Korea) with Chinese hawthorn cultivars. Glucose, galactose, fructose and sucrose were the major sugar components of hawthorn. In this study, we observed that sucrose, glucose and fructose content. The highest sucrose content of hawthorn fruit was 188.12g/100g in Daegeumseong cultivar. The sweetness index, which plays important role of taste, was also calculated from the content of sucrose, glucose and fructose. The contribution of each carbohydrate was calculated, based on the fact that fructose is 2.30 and sucrose 1.35 times sweeter than glucose. The highest sweetness of hawthorn fruit was 579.52 in Pocheon clone. Main organic acid detected in hawthorn fruit were citric acid, malic acid and shikimic acid. The highest citric acid and malic acid content in hawthorn fruit were 157.50g/100g (Pocheon 3) and 34.12g/100g (Daegeumseong), respectively. The results of this study would be helpful for using food and functional food products, due to the beneficial effects of free sugar and organic acid for human health such as antioxidants and anticarcinogenic properties.