• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.3215-3218
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• 2011

A new anion receptor utilizing carbamate functionality as hydrogen bonding site has been designed and synthesized. This new receptor 2 has two amide hydrogens and two carbamate hydrogens anchored at 1,8-position of anthracene. These four hydrogens form a concave structure for the anions and the receptor 2 was found to be a selective receptor for acetate among the anions investigated.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2008

This research was conducted to develop a quick and sensitive method of detecting carbamate residues using the immobilization of antibody-antigen interactions with surface plasmon resonance (SPR). We have used commercialized surface plasmon resonance equipment (Biacore 3000). The antibody used for the immunoassay was specific for glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and the antigens included several carbamate pesticides (carbofuran, carbaryl, and benfuracarb). When antigens were applied to the protein GST, the detection limit was 2 ng/mL of carbamate pesticide. The fabricated protein GST maintained its activity for over 200 measurements. Thus we determined that the SPR biosensors could detect the specific reversible binding of a reactant in solution to a binding partner immobilized on the surface of the sensor and allow real-time detection and monitoring.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1325-1330
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• 2008

This study was carried out with the detection for multiresidue of the carbamate pesticide such as carbaryl and cabofuran by enzyme-inhibition method. The check time for determination of acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity was selected at 60 sec. The AChE activity in chicken brain determined by the Ellman's method was $162{\mu}$mol/min/g protein. $I_{50}$ for AChE by carbamate pesticide with wet kit was 0.169mg/L of carbaryl and 0.089mg/L of cabofuran, respectively. The incubation time for enzyme kit with substrate kit was 30min for determination of AChE activity. Enzyme kit with substrate kit was stable at $4^{\circ}C\;and\;25^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. Limit detection concentration of carbaryl with dry kit for AChE was 0.05mg/L. The dry kit such as wet kit applied Enzyme-Inhibition(EI) method with AChE was confirmed the multi residue method to detect the carbamate pesticides.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.3-8
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• 1987

춘천시 근교에서 생산된 '84년산 딸기, 토마토, 오이, 포도, 사과, 그리고 배추 각 5점씩 30점에 대한 BPMC, MIPC, NAC의 잔류수준을 분석한 결과 아래와 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. BPMC의 잔류함량은 딸기에 있어서 평균 0.0243ppm, 토마토 0.0394ppm, 오이 0.0459ppm, 포도 0.0472ppm, 사과 0.0680ppm, 배추 0.0986ppm 수준으로 대상농약중 가장 높은 잔류함량을 보였다. 2. NAC는 포도에서 평균 0.0071ppm, 오이 0.0009ppm, 배추 0.0009ppm 수준으로 검출되었다. 3. MIPC는 배추에서만 평균 0.0017pppm의 낮은 수준으로 보였다. 4. 잔류농약 검출율은 BPMC(80%)>NAC(16.7%)>MIPC(10%) 순이었다. 5. 계절적으로 수확기가 늦은 농산물일수록 비교적 높은 잔류수준을 보였다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2000

Ginseng (the root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, Araliaceae) has been used for traditional medicine in China, Korea, Japan and other Asian countries. It is most often used as a general tonic, and it involves a wide range of pharmacological actions, such as antiaging, adaptogen-like effect to foreign deleterious infringement, immunoenhancement, antistress, antitumor, and antioxidant actions. Red ginseng showed anticarcinogenic activity against various chemical carcinogens in mouse and cancer-preventive effect of human being as on mice in experimental and epidemiological studies. In the present study, we have found the protective properties of red ginseng against vinyl carbamate (VC) which is the proximate carcinogen of ethyl carbamate and its ultimate carcinogenic epoxides. Red ginseng exhibited dose-dependent inhibition on the mutagenci activities of boty VC in the presence of S9 mix and vinyl carbamate epoxide (VCO) without metabolic activation in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535. Formation of DNA adducts from VCO was also attenuated in the presence of red ginseng. Oral administration of red ginseng prior to the topical application of each of the above carcinogens and TPA treatment resulted in significant reduction in both incidence and multiplicity of skin tumors in mice. These results indicate that red ginseng possesses a strong chemopreventive effect against mouse skin carcinogenesis induced by VC or VCO.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.112-116
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• 2006

Levels of ethyl carbamate, by-product produced naturally during fermentation, in Korean alcoholic beverages were determined by Gas Chromatography/mass spectrometry/selected ion mode (GC/MS/SIM), and their daily intake by Korean adult group was estimated. In GC/MS/SIM analysis 0.8-10.1, 0.5-0.8, 0.4-0.9, 3.5-689.9, 8.4-30.3, 13.9-30.0, and 1.7-11.7 ppb of ethyl carbamate were detected in soju, beer, takju, fruit wine, cheongju, whiskey, and grape wine, respectively. Maximum daily exposure of ethyl carbamate through alcoholic beverage consumption was 7.41 ng/kg body weight/day for average Korean male, with one soju brand and two fruit wine brands showing high ethyl carbamate level.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2007

국내 다소비 식품과 선택된 주류 내의 발효 중에 자연발생하는 발암기능물질인 ethyl carbamate의 함량과 일일섭취량, 초과발암위해도를 GC/MS/SIM으로 분석하였다. 배추김치, 왜간장, 소주, 과일주에 각각 평균 1.41, 19.44, 3.00, 170.88 ${\mu}$g/kg이 함유되어 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 20-64세 여성의 경우, 국내 다소비 식품과 주류에 의해 ethyl carbamate 노출량은 평균 9.42ng/kg, 최대 35.75ng/kg으로 나타났고, 남성의 경우, 평균 12.73 ng/kg, 최대 48.87 ng/kg으로 나타났으며 이는 주로 배추김치, 왜간장, 소주, 과일주에 의한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 한국 여성의 초과발암위해도는 평균 $4.7{\times}10^{-7}$ 최대 $1.8{\times}10^{-6}$, 남성은 평균 $6.4{\times}10^{-7}$ 최대 $2.4{\times}10^{-6}$로 위해성이 있는 것으로 평가되어 식품업계의 ethyl carbamate 저감화 노력이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2014

Purpose: Carbamate insecticides are potent cholinesterase inhibitors capable of causing severe cholinergic toxicity. Use of carbamate rather than organophosphate insecticides has been increasing. Compared with organophosphate poisoning, relatively few studies have investigated carbamate-associated acute pancreatitis. We investigated general characteristics and pancreatitis of carbamate poisoning and the predictors, among those readily assessed in the emergency department. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients, aged over 18 years, who were admitted between January 2008 and April 2012 to an emergency department (ED) of an academic tertiary care center for treatment of carbamate poisoning. Patients who exhibited poisoning by any other material, except alcohol, were excluded. After application of exclusion criteria, patients were divided according to carbamate-induced pancreatitis and non-pancreatitis groups. Results: A total of 41 patients were included in this study. Among these 41 patients, the prevalence of acute pancreatitis was 36.6% (15 patients). Initial blood chemistry tests showed a statistically higher glucose level in the pancreatitis group, compared with the non-pancreatitis group (222, IQR 189-284 vs. 137, IQR 122-175 mg/dL, P<0.05). Regarding clinical courses and outcomes, a significantly higher proportion of patients developed pneumonia [10 (66.7%) vs. 6 (23.1%), P<0.05] and had a longer hospital stay (7 days, IQR 6-12 vs. 5 days, IQR 2-11, P<0.05), but no difference in mortality, in the pancreatitis group vs. the non-pancreatitis group. In multivariate analysis, the initial glucose was showing significant association with the presentation of carbamate-induced acute pancreatitis (odds ratio 1.018, 95% confidence interval 1.001-1.035, P<0.05). Conclusion: Carbamate-induced acute pancreatitis is common, but not fatal. Initial serum glucose level is associated with acute pancreatitis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1961-1967
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• 2006

Levels of ethyl carbamate, a potential carcinogen produced naturally during fermentation, in major Korean fermented foods and alcoholic beverages were determined by GC/MS/SIM, and their average daily intake and excess cancer risk in Korean people were estimated. In GC/MS/SIM analysis n.d.-4.26, 1.40-58.90, n.d.-3.76, n.d.-1.87, and 0.40-10.07 $\mu$g/kg of ethyl carbamate were detected in kimchi, soy sauces, fermented pastes, fermented dairy products, and alcoholic beverages, respectively. The average daily intake of ethyl carbamate and excess cancer risk through major Korean fermented foods and alcoholic beverage consumption were 6.0 ng/kg bw/day and $3.0\times10^{-7}$, respectively for the average Korean person aged 3-64 years, and were mainly contributed by Chinese cabbage kimchi, soy sauces, and Soju.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.145-149
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• 2003

To explore the most sensitive and useful method for simultaneous determination of 8 carbamate pesticides in livestock productions, the mixture of 8 carbonates was determined by HPLC with scanning fluorescence detector. For mobile phase water, acetonitrile and methanol program gradient showed more applicable sensitivity than water and acetonitrile program gradient used ExW 339 nm and EmW 445 nm for fluorescence detector. On using carbamate columns, the retention time was within 4 to 20 minutes. And this made it possible to separate and detect simultaneously. therefore we could analyze it exactly and efficiently and reduce time. The preparation process of MSPD method showed that the high recovery rate was more than 88.5% in most of the carbamate pesticides. Therefore we could say that it was an efficient and fast method analyzing out of lots of samples.