• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.723-729
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 레일리(Rayleigh) 페이딩 채널 환경에서 MMSE-OSUC 수신기 알고리즘을 적용한 MIMO 시스템의 성능을 시뮬레이션을 통해 평가하였다. 변조 기법은 BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM으로 각각 나누어 시뮬레이션을 수행하였고, 프레임의 길이는 100 심볼로 설정하였다. 먼저 송신단에서 채널상태정보를 모르는 경우의 MIMO 시스템의 채널 용량을 이론적으로 산출하였다. 성능 해석 결과, 채널 용량은 채널의 함수이므로 MIMO 시스템의 채널 용량은 채널의 특성에 따라 큰 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. 다음으로 MIMO 채널에서의 성능 향상을 위해 MIMO 시스템에 적용되는 기술의 각 알고리즘을 분석하였다. 성능 해석 결과, MMSE-OSUC 수신기 알고리즘을 적용한 경우가 기존 ZF-OSUC 수신기 알고리즘을 적용한 경우보다 전반적으로 성능은 우수하지만, 성좌도가 큰 변조 기법을 사용할수록 그 성능 차이가 감소함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.437-443
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 다중사용자 환경의 상향링크 가상적 MIMO-OFDM 시스템 기반 하에서 정보 이론적인 관점에서의 합 전송률을 최대화 할 수 있는 최적의 사용자 수에 대하여 분석하였다. 다중 안테나 기반의 기지국과 단일 안테나용 단말기를 기반으로 하고 있으며 주파수 비선택적 블록 페이딩 및 시변 페이딩 채널 하의 파일럿 기반의 채널 추정 방식을 가정하였다. 이론적 분석을 통하여 낮은 SNR 영역에서 다중화 이득과 파일럿 오버헤드 간의 트레이드오프가 있음을 증명하였고 동일한 파일럿 및 신호 전력이 주어질 때, 주파수 비선택적 블록 채널에서의 시스템 성능을 최대화 하는 최적의 사용자 수는 min ($N_r$,LT/2)으로 결정되는 반면, 페이딩 채널에서는 min($N_r$, ${\lfloor}{\sqrt{LT+1}}-1{\rfloor}$)으로 접근함을 보여 준다.

• 공학논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.97-106
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 높은 칩율을 갖는 WLL CDMA 시스템이 공간다이버시티 기능을 적용함으로써 다 경로 페이딩의 영향을 줄일 수 있음을 분석한다. 먼저, WLL $2.3GH_Z$ 대역의 실제환경에서 WLL 시스템의 성능을 평가하기 위해 WLL 시스템의 송.수신과정을 컴퓨터 모의실험 한 결과로 통해 역방향 링크의 용량을 도출하였다. 또한 전파환경, 링크버짓을 분석하였고 그 결과로 AWGN, 다중경로 페이딩 채널 구현을 위한 RCSU(RF Channel Simulator)를 제작하여 실험에 이용하였다. 이 RCSU는 다양한 환경에 있는 도시의 전파 환경을 모델링하도록 만들어졌다. 모의실험결과 페이딩의 심도가 깊을수록 다이버시티 이득은 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. $E_b/N_o$ 와 BER 곡선을 통해 다이버시티 적용 시스템이 WLL 시스템의 성능저하를 야기하는 다 경로 페이딩의 영향을 현저하게 줄일 수 있음을 보인다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제25권3B호
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• pp.472-486
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• 2000

This paper analysis the performance of joint receiving structure consisting of the decorrelating multiuser detection and beamfromenr-RAKE receive for DS-CDMA communication systems. In asynchronous transmission as the number of simultaneous users increase. the capacity of CDMA system becomes severly reduced due to the nonideal orthogonality between user-assigned PN sequences and improper power control. Accordingly, the CDMA receiving system becomes vulnerable to the multiple access interferences and the near-far problem under multipath fading channel environment. To withstand these undesired performance degradations, this paper proposes the new type of multiuser detection which has a form of the hybrid structure of concatenating beamformer-RAKE receiver and decorrelating multiuser detection. the beam former-RAKE receiver performs temporal and spatial diversity combining with alleviating fading effect and suppressing undesired interferences, and the multiuser detection plays a role of making the receiver robust to the near-far problem. Regarding the individual merit on the usage of either multiuser detection or beamformer-RAKE receiver, the hybrid one is expected to produce the enhanced performance in multipath fading CDMA channel. However major drawback of using decorrelating multiuser detection for practical deployment is arised from its computational complexity , which is exponentially increased as more number of users and transmitted symbols involve. To diminish the computational complexity, this paper exploits an efficient block Toeplitz inversion technique using matrix Levinson polynomial will be introduced. And this paper provided the mathematical analysis to show the efficiency of the proposed joint structure under the multipath propagation environment. And results of a series of exhaustive computer simulations are presented in order to demonstrate the overall performance of the proposed hybrid structure in multipath fading CDMA channel.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.3196-3204
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• 1996

We analyze the capacity of the imperfect power controlled DS/CDMA system with the Nakagami faded AMPS interferers by means of the analytical approach. Unlike the theoretical aassumption, the power control of the DS/CDMA system is not perfect. Therefore in this analysis we consider various parameters which cause the capacityreduction of the DS/CDMA system, the imperfect power control, the Nakagami fading index, he processing gain, and the number of AMPS interferers. The analytical results are compared with the Prasad's results which are considered only the imperfect power control of the DS/CDMA system. It is shown that the DS/CDMA capacity is decreased according to the increase of the deviation of the imperfect power control, to icrease the number pf the analog interfering users, and to decrease the processing gain.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.633-637
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• 2010

In this study, lithium manganese oxide spinel ($LiMn_{1.9}Fe_{0.1}Nb_{0.0005}O_4$) as a cathode material of lithium ion secondary batteries is synthesized with spray drying, and in order to increase its crystallinity and electrochemical properties, the granulated $LiMn_{1.9}Fe_{0.1}Nb_{0.0005}O_4$ particle surface is coated with lithium titanium oxide spinel ($Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$) through a sol-gel method. The granulated particles present a higher tap density and lower specific surface area. The crystallinity and discharge capacity of the $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ coated material is relatively higher than uncoated material. With the coating layer, the discharge capacity and cycling stability are increased and the capacity fading is suppressed successfully.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.222-228
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• 2006

In this paper, the performance of a multiuser diversity system combined with a multi-element transmit antenna system is analyzed under the assumption of independent Rayleigh fading. A measure of system .level performance is an average channel capacity as a function of the number of users and antennas. Average channel capacity is obtained from the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) distribution combined by both transmit diversity(TD) at each link and multiuser diversity at system level. Numerical results show that closed-loop antenna techniques provide an additional gain with multiuser diversity system due to array gain, even though space diversity gain reduces multiuser diversity gain. On the other hand, the space-time block coding(STBC) that provides full order space diversity gain only has a destructive influence on multiuser diversity.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.259-280
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• 1997

This paper briefly explains the configuration of CDMA Mobile System (CMS) test bed. The measured fading and delay results of CDMA signal in Taejon area are shown. In comparison to other cellular systems, there are more parameters in the CDMA systems that affect system performance and capacity. We performed the optimization test of the selected parameters and present the effect of each parameter on the performance. This paper presents the capacity and performance test results of CMS. The capacity test was performed on ETRI site of three sectors in Taejon area. The performance tests include call completion rate, busy hour call attempt, and the delay characteristics of voice.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1261-1270
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• 2020

The physical security layer of industrial wireless sensor networks in the event of an eavesdropping attack has been investigated in this paper. An optimal sensor selection scheme based on the maximum channel capacity is proposed for transmission environments that experience Nakagami fading. Comparing the intercept probabilities of the traditional round robin (TRR) and optimal sensor selection schemes, the system secure performance is analyzed. Simulation results show that the change in the number of sensors and the eavesdropping ratio affect the convergence rate of the intercept probability. Additionally, the proposed optimal selection scheme has a faster convergence rate compared to the TRR scheduling scheme for the same eavesdropping ratio and number of sensors. This observation is also valid when the Nakagami channel is simplified to a Rayleigh channel.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.32-53
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• 2022

Although lithium-ion batteries are currently the most reliable power supply system for various mobile applications, further improvement in energy density is still required as the need for batteries in large energy-consuming devices is rapidly growing. However, in the anode, the most widely commercialized graphite-based anode materials almost face theoretical limitations. In addition, sodium-ion batteries have been actively studied to replace expensive charge carriers with cheaper ones. Accordingly, conversion-based materials have been extensively studied as high-capacity anode materials in both lithiumion batteries and sodium-ion batteries because their theoretical capacity is twice or thrice higher than that of insertion-based materials. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of conversion-based materials, including basic charge storage behaviors, critical drawbacks that should be overcome, and practical material design for high-performance.