• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2009

Magnetic Resonance Electrical Impedance Tomography (MREIT) is a new bio-imaging modality providing cross-sectional conductivity images from measurements of internal magnetic flux densities produced by externally injected currents. Recent MREIT studies demonstrated successful conductivity image reconstructions of postmortem and in vivo canine brain. However, the whole head imaging was not achieved due to technical issues related with electrodes and noise in measured magnetic flux density data. In this study, we used a new carbon-hydrogel electrode with a large contact area and injected 30 mA imaging current through a canine head. Using a 3T MREIT system, we performed a postmortem canine experiment and produced high-resolution conductivity images of the entire canine head. Collecting magnetic flux density data inside the head subject to multiple injection currents, we reconstructed cross-sectional conductivity images using the harmonic $B_z$ algorithm. The conductivity images of the canine head show a good contrast not only inside the brain region including white and gray matter but also outside the brain region including the skull, temporalis muscle, mandible, lingualis proprius muscle, and masseter muscle.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.24 no.1 s.44
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• pp.149-159
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• 1994

The purposes of present study were to evaluate changes in models and lateral cephalometric head films during orthodontic treatment and to compare the amount of incisal retraction and anterior movement of molars with the two approaches of the retraction method of canine(sectional canine retractions vs sliding canine retractions) and the anchorage management(head gears vs no head gears, transpalatal arches vs no transpalatal arches and lingual arches vs no lingual arches) and to evaluate changes during orthodontic treatment in models with relation to lateral cephalometric head films. 67 Korean women with Angle's Class I bialveolar protrusion were selected, whose initial chronologic age was above 16 yrs. Models and lateral cephalometric head films were taken before and after orthodontic treatment with four bicuspid extraction. the results were obtained as follows. 1. Significant decreases were observed in intermolar width, arch length and arch perimeter of maxilla and mandible but significant difference was not observed in intercanine width of maxilla and mandible during treatment period. 2. The linear change of the upper incisor to upper lip was 2.84:1 and the linear change of the lower incisor to lower lip was 1.45:1 3. There were no significant differences between the two groups(sectional canine retractions vs sliding canine retractions), the !we groups(transpalatal arches vs no transpalatal arches) and the two groups(lingual arches vs no lingual arches) in the amount of incisal retraction and anterior movement of molars. There were a greater amount of maxillary incisal retraction and a lesser amount of anterior movement of maxillary molars with the use of head gears than no use of head gears. 4. Changes during orthodontic treatment in models with relation to lateral cephalometric head films were obtained as follows : 1) Maxilla Central incisors were moved 3.79mm backward, canines were moved 0.22mm laterally and 3.70mm backward, and molars were moved 0.535mm medially and 2.29mm forward. 2) Mandible Central incisors were moved 3.04mm backward, canines were moved 0.145mm laterally and 3.92mm backward, and molars were moved 0.755mm medially and 1.77mm forward.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.311-314
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• 2001

To elucidate the effect of dorsal acupoints for canine electroacupuncture anesthesia, mongrel dogs(6 heads: 2.6-10.5kg, 3 males and 3 females) were used. After needling perpendicularly to Tian-Ping(GV-5) and Bai-Hui(GV-20), the electrodes were connected with positive to Tian-Ping and negative to Bi-hui, respectively using with veterinary electroacupuncture apparatus(TEC AM-3000). The electric conditions were 2-4V and 30 Hz. The pain of body surface was checked by hemostatic forceps. The effect of electroacupuncture andesthesia was appreciated by application of laparotomy(2 heads), ear trimming and tail amputation(1 head), castration(2 heads) and enterotomy(1 head), respectively. Induction time, clinical findings and operation findings were investigated under the electroacupuncture anesthesia. The induction time of electroacupuncture anesthesia was very rapid, approximately 1 minute and the pain of body surface including the extremities was not detected. As for clinical findings during electroacupuncture anesthesia, consciousness was evident, pupil reflex was weak and blepharoreaction was existed. As for operation findings, pain was not detected during incision and suture, and bleeding was relatively small volume. The grade of electroacupuncture anesthesia was excellent in all cases applied with ear trimming and tail amputation, laparatomy, castration and enterotomy. Considering above all findings, it was thought that electroacupuncture stimulation at Tian-Ping and Bai-hui examined in the present study induced excellent electroacupuncture anesthesia for dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.667-672
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• 2007

This report describes the use of conventional computed tomography(CT) for the diagnosis of head trauma in three canine patients. According to physical and neurologic examinations, survey radiography and computed tomography, these patients were diagnosed as traumatic brain injury. Especially, CT is the imaging modality of first choice for head trauma patients. It provides rapid acquisition of images, superior bone detail, and better visualization of acute hemorrhage than magnetic resonance imaging. It is also less expensive and more readily available. Pre-contrast computed tomography was used to image the head. Then, post-contrast CT was performed using the same technique. The Modified Glasgow Coma Scale(MGCS) score was used to predict their probability of survival rate after head trauma in these dogs. Computed tomogram showed fluid filled tympanic bulla, fracture of the left temporal bone and cerebral parenchymal hemorrhage with post contrast ring enhancement. However, in one case, computed tomographic examination didn't delineate cerebellar parenchymal hemorrhage, which was found at postmortem examination. Treatments for patients placed in intensive care were focused to maintain cerebral perfusion pressure and to normalize intracranial pressure. In these cases, diagnostic computed tomography was a useful procedure. It revealed accurate location of the hemorrhage lesion.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.328-342
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the factors related to tooth wear. For this study, 78 patients with temporomandibular disorders and 76 dental students without any signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were selected as the patients group and as the normal group, respectively. Preferred chewing side, Angle's classification, lateral guidance pattern, head and shoulder posture were observed clinically. Electromyographic activity of anterior temporalis and masseter muscle were recorded with $BioEMG^{(R)}$ and occlusal status were recorded with $T-Scan^{(R)}$. Wear facet area of each tooth was measured from working model of upper arch corresponding to the occlusal status from T-Scan. Wear facet area were measured with planimeter in $mm^2$. Total area were divided into incisal, canine, posterior tooth area. Anterior wearfacet area was incisor area plus canine area, and unilateral area was anterior area plus posterior area. The data collected were analyzed by SAS statistical program and the results of this study were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference between the two groups in total werafacet area, and male subjects showed tendency to have larger area in the normal group but female subjects showed tendency vice versa. 2. There was no significant difference related to preferred chewing side and Angle's classification, however some difference was observed by lateral guidance pattern. Anterior wear facet area in subjects of canine guidance was the largest in the three subgroups. 3. Subjects with head tilting to right side had larger posterior and total area, and subjects with higher shoulder in right side had larger canine and anterior area than any other subgrous. 4. Electromyographic activity of masseter muscle was more correlated with wear facet area than anterior temporalis muscle, and tooth contact number and force were significantly correlated with wear facet area, but the most important factor affecting tooth attrition was age.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.53-53
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• 2003

This benign canine histiocytoma was the most common single tumor type, followed lipoma, adenoma, soft tissue sarcoma, mast cell tumor and lymphosarcoma [2]. Canine cutaneous histiocytoma (CCH) most commonly occur as solitary lesions, head and pinnae are prefermential sites, that undergo spontaneous regression. The histologic appearance varies greatly, depending on the age of the lesion and the degree of necrosis and secondary inflammation. The age-specific incidence rate for CCH drops precipitously after 3 years, although histiocytomas occur in dogs of all ages [5]. Their etiology and pathogenesis are unknown. This case reports the gross and histopathological findings of canine cutaneous histiocytoma of observed in a young dog with localized calcification of lingual muscle. (omitted)

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.21.1-21.3
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• 2019

Background: Treatment planning the correction of a transverse maxillary occlusal plane cant often involves a degree of qualitative "eyeballing", with the attendant possibility of error in the estimated judgement. A simple chair side technique permits quantification of the extent of asymmetry and thereby quantitative measurements for the correction of the occlusal plane cant. Methods: A measuring instrument may be constructed by soldering the edge of a stainless steel dental ruler at 90° to the flat surface of a similar ruler. With the patient either standing in natural head position, or alternatively seated upright in the dental chair, and a dental photographic retractor in situ, the flat under-surface of the horizontal part of this measuring instrument is placed on a unilateral segment of a bilateral structure, e.g. the higher maxillary canine orthodontic bracket hook. The vertical ruler is held next to the contralateral canine tooth, and the vertical distance measured directly from the canine bracket to the flat under-surface of the horizontal part of the measuring instrument. Results: This vertical distance quantifies the overall extent of movement required to level the maxillary occlusal plane. Conclusions: This measuring instrument and simple chair side technique helps to quantify the overall extent of surgical levelling required and may be a useful additional technique in our clinical diagnostic armamentarium.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.35.1-35.4
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• 2021

Following intravenous (IV) administration of diazepam as a preanesthetic agent, sudden balance impairment, such as falling, leaning, and rolling, was identified in 2 canine cases. The 2 dogs were anesthetized for brain magnetic resonance scan to diagnose about a history of head tilt. After end of the diagnostic procedures, during the anesthetic recovery period, balance impairment was also observed. However, the symptoms gradually ceased by IV administration of flumazenil. These 2 canine cases indicated that diazepam premedication was responsible for the acute balance impairment.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 2001

Radiographic findings of degenerative joint disease (DJD) in the coxofemoral joints were studied in 108 dogs referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University. Radiographic findings were identified with a extended ventrodorsal projection. Clinical signs such as pain in the affected joint, exercise intolerance, lameness, crepitation on flexion and extension of the joint and decreased range of motion, were shown in 40% and radiographic changes of bilateral coxofemoral joints were identified in 69% of a group of dogs. There are no sex predilections. Thirty-seven dogs were diagnosed as canine hip dysplasia (CHD; 10 cases), avascular necrosis of the femoral head (Legg-Calves-Perthes disease [LCPD]; 12 cases), fracture of the acetabulum (1 case), luxation(10 cases) and subluxation (15 cases), however, luxation and subluxation were identified in 11 dogs affected with CHD and LCPD. Causes of DJD in others (71case) were not identified. Radio-graphic findings identified included osteophyte formation at the attachment of the joint capsule (70%), sclerosis of the subchondral bone of the cranial acetabular edge (47%), remodeling of the femoral head (34%), thickening of the femoral neck(31%), perichondral osteophyte formation (31%), joint laxity (30%) and so on. All of the dogs diagnosed as CHD were large breed such as Retriever, Germain Shepherd, and Weimaraner and their age was under 1 year. This condition occurred bilaterally in 70% of affected animals. Dogs diagnosed as LCPD were young (under 1 year), small breed dogs. The incidence of LCPD is greater in Yorkshire Terrier, Miniature Pinscher and Poodle. This condition occurred unilaterally in 67% of affected animals. Clinical signs of dogs with unknown cause were shown in 15% and this condition occurred bilaterally in 75% of affected animals. Radiographic findings varied with patient's age and breed, however, the most common finding was osteophyte formation at the attachment of the joint capsule.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1993.05a
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• pp.70-70
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• 1993

Fundamental frequency is controlled by contraction of both TA and CT muscle. While activity of the CT is known well, little is known regarding the effect of the TA muscle on vocal fold vibration. To study this, a previously developed in vivo canine laryngeal model was modified. Isolated TA muscle activation was obtained by stimulating sectioned terminal TA branches through small thyroid cartilage windows. The results indicated that TA muscle activation is a major determinant in vocal register shift from falsetto to modal phonation. F0 increased with increasing TA activation in modal register, On the other hand, the F0 decreased with TA activation when the evoked voice belonged to falsetto register. Subglottic pressure increased gradually and OQ decreased gradually with TA activation.