• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.161-165
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• 2012

호박벌 유래 디펜신의 전체 아미노산 서열의 구조 분석 후에 항균활성을 갖는 서열을 선발하였고, 전체 및 펩타이드 길이와 구조적 차이에 대한 종합적인 결과로서 기존에 보고되어진 ${\alpha}$-helix 구조의 펩타이드 보다는 ${\beta}$-sheet의 일부 서열과 ${\alpha}$-helix의 서열이 공존할 때 항균 활성이 보다 뛰어남을 확인하였다. 특히 시스테인-아르기닌 (38C-39R)이 포함되어 있는 펩타이드 서열에서 항균력이 우수하였고, 이는 세포벽에 친화력이 있는 염기성 펩타이드의 특성으로 예상하고 있다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1277-1284
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 효모염색체내에 다양한 유전자 발현 cassette를 도입하기 위해 Cre/loxP system을 가진 repeated yeast integrative plasmid (R-YIp)를 구축하였다. R-YIp는 반복적으로 형질전환체를 선별할 수 있는 selective marker (CgTRP1)와 loxP 서열, 그리고 integration을 위한 목적서열을 함유하고 있어 같은 염색체의 동일한 위치에 여러 개의 유전자 발현 cassette를 도입하는 것이 가능하다. 따라서 xylan/xylose 대사에 관련된 endoxylanase (XYLP), ${\beta}$-xylosidase (XYLB), xylose reductase (GRE3) 그리고xylitol dehydrogenase (XYL2)의 효모염색체내에 도입을 시도하였다. 먼저 XYLP, XYLB, GRE3그리고 XYL2 유전자의 효율적인 발현을 위한 promoter를 선별하기 위해 pGMF-GENE과 pAMF-GENE plasmid를 구축하였고, 각 유전자들의 발현에 GAL10 promoter가 적합함을 확인하였다. 다음으로 GAL10p-GENE-GAL7t cassette를 가진 pRS-GENE plasmid (R-YIp)를 구축하여, 반복적 integration 과정과 selective marker의 제거를 통해 각각의 R-YIps를 효모 7번염색체에 순차적으로 도입하였다. R-YIp system을 통해 효모염색체내에 도입된 유전자들은 모두 안정적으로 발현되었고, 활성형의 재조합효소를 생산함을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 다수의 외래유전자를 효모염색체내 도입함에 있어 selective marker와 숙주세포 선택의 한계를 R-YIp system을 통해 어느 정도 극복할 수 있을 것이라 기대한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.1528-1539
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• 2019

Objective: To evaluate the effects on microbial diversity and biochemical parameters of gradually increasing temperatures, from $5^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ on corn silage which was previously fermented at ambient or low temperature. Methods: Whole-plant corn silage was fermented in vacuum bag mini-silos at either $10^{\circ}C$ or $20^{\circ}C$ for two months and stored at $5^{\circ}C$ for two months. The mini-silos were then subjected to additional incubation from $5^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ in $5^{\circ}C$ increments. Bacterial and fungal diversity was assessed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) profiling and biochemical analysis from mini-silos collected at each temperature. Results: A temperature of $10^{\circ}C$ during fermentation restricted silage fermentation compared to fermentation temperature of $20^{\circ}C$. As storage temperature increased from $5^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$, little changes occurred in silages fermented at $20^{\circ}C$, in terms of most biochemical parameters as well as bacterial and fungal populations. However, a high number of enterobacteria and yeasts (4 to $5\;log_{10}$ colony forming unit/g fresh materials) were detected at $15^{\circ}C$ and above. PCR-DGGE profile showed that Candida humilis predominated the fungi flora. For silage fermented at $10^{\circ}C$, no significant changes were observed in most silage characteristics when temperature was increased from $5^{\circ}C$ to $20^{\circ}C$. However, above $20^{\circ}C$, silage fermentation resumed as observed from the significantly increased number of lactic acid bacteria colonies, acetic acid content, and the rapid decline in pH and water-soluble carbohydrates concentration. DGGE results showed that Lactobacillus buchneri started to dominate the bacterial flora as temperature increased from $20^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$. Conclusion: Temperature during fermentation as well as temperature during storage modulates microorganism population development and fermentation patterns. Silage fermented at $20^{\circ}C$ indicated that these silages should have lower aerobic stability at opening because of better survival of yeasts and enterobacteria.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.996-1006
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to gain deeper insights into the dynamic changes in spoilage fungi populations during fermentation and the influence of traditional additives on silage quality. Methods: Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) was prepared without any additive (control), and with the addition of 0.5% salt, and 0.5% salt-0.2% sugar mixture. The fungal community was then determined using a classic culturing method and high-throughput sequencing at 0, 5, 15, and 60 days after ensiling. Results: The results showed that the fungal community of elephant grass silage varied significantly between the natural fermentation without any additive and the two additive groups. The diversity and relative abundance of spoilage molds in the control group were much higher than those in the two treatment groups (p<0.05). Three species of yeasts (Candida sp., Pichia sp., Trichosporon sp.) and four spoilage molds (Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., Muco sp. and Penicillin sp.) were the predominant fungi in elephant grass during natural fermentation from 0 to 60 days, which were found to be significantly decreased in salt and sugar additive groups (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the diversity and relative abundance of undesirable molds in the 0.5%-salt additive group were the lowest among all groups. Conclusion: Adding salt and sugar, particularly 0.5% salt, is a promising effective approach to reduce the amount of undesirable fungi thus, improving the silage quality of elephant grass in northern Vietnam.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-oral microbial activity and anti-inflammatory effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells on a titanium (Ti) surface during osseointegration, and to confirm the possibility of using RA as a safe natural substance for the control of peri-implantitis (PI) in Ti-based dental implants. Methods: A disk diffusion test was conducted to confirm the antimicrobial activity of RA against oral microorganisms. In order to confirm the anti-inflammatory effects of RA, inflammatory conditions were induced with 100 ng/ml of LPS in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells on the Ti surface treated with or without 14 ㎍/ml of RA. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in LPS-stimulated MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells on the Ti surface was confirmed using an NO assay kit and PGE2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were performed to confirm the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in total RNA and protein. Results: RA showed weak antimicrobial effects against Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli, but no antimicrobial activity against the bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and the fungus Candida albicans. RA reduced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, NO and PGE2, and proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, in LPS-stimulated MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells on the Ti surface at the protein and mRNA levels. Conclusion: RA not only has anti-oral microbial activity, but also anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts on the Ti surface, therefore, it can be used as a safe functional substance derived from plants for the prevention and control of PI for successful Ti-based implants.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.680-691
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• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) on growth performance, carcass traits, and fat deposition in white-feather broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 480 male one-day-old white-feather broiler chickens were selected randomly and divided into four groups with six replicates of 20 chickens in each. The experimental chickens were fed diets including 3%, 6%, or 9% FCSM fermented by Candida tropicalis until 42 days old. In the experiment, the chickens of the control group were fed soybean meal. Results: FCSM supplementation linearly decreased the feed conversion ratio from d 15 to 21 and d 36 to 42, respectively (p<0.05). The percentage of carcass and semi-eviscerate increased in response to dietary FCSM supplementation at d 21 (p<0.05). The percentage of eviscerated and semi-eviscerate of 3FCSM was higher than that in other groups at d 35 (p<0.05). At the age of 42 d, the percentage of carcass increased in a quadratic way among increasing FCSM in diets (p<0.05). The subcutaneous fat thickness linearly decreased with the increasing levels of FCSM at d 21 (p<0.05). Gompertz and Logistic functions provided a better fit on abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat, respectively. The best fitted equation predicted that the maximum growth rate of abdominal fat weight and subcutaneous fat thickness occurred at d 28. FCSM had no significant effects on the shape of growth curve of abdominal fat weight and subcutaneous fat thickness, but reduced the height of the curve. Birds receiving the 6FCSM diet for 21 d had smaller adipocyte surface and lower serum glucose as well as triglyceride concentration. Conclusion: FCSM is beneficial for broiler chickens as it positively affects their growth and carcass in addition to altering their fat deposition.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2023

남덕유산 월성계곡과 대전광역시 진참천 등지로부터 분리한 야생효모들 중 국내 미기록 야생효모들을선별한후, 이들의균학적특성과효소활성및생리활성등을조사하였다. 이들야생효모들중Candida sorboxylosa WSC25-4 (NNIBRFG47336), Arxula adeninivorans WSC6-3 (NNIBRFG47335), Farysizyma taiwaniana JRC6-2 (NNIBRFG47339), Saturnispora dispora JTS19-1 (NNIBRFG47334), Vanderwaltozyma polyspora JJCH5-3 (NNIBRFG47337)과Vanrija fragicola SW-9 (NNIBRFG47338) 등 6균주들을 국내 미기록 야생효모들로 최종 선별하였다. 이들 균주들은 대부분 구형으로 출아에 의해 영양증식을 하였고, 모두 자낭포자와 의균사들을 형성하지 않았다. V. polyspora JJCH5-3외 5균주들이 YPD, YM, PD등의 배지에서 잘 생육하였고, A. adeninivorans WSC6-3와S. dispora JTS19-1 균주들은 40% 포도당을함유한 YPD 배지에서잘생육하는내당성을보였으며, V. fragicola SW-9 균주는 5% NaCl을 함유한 YPD배지에서 생육하는 호염성 효모로 확인되었다. 국내 미기록 야생효모들의 배양 상등액들 중A. adeninivorans WSC6-3과F. taiwaniana JRC6-2, V. fragicola SW-9 등의 glucoamylase 활성이 각각 58.0, 59.0, 59.0% 로 비교적 높았고, C. sorboxylosa WSC25-4 균주는 알칼리성 단백질분해효소 활성이 높아 세재 산업에 유용할 것으로 사료된다. 또한, 미기록 효모들의 모든배양상등액은항산화활성과 SOD-유사활성이 70-98%로매우높았고, S. dispora JTS19-1과V. fragicola SW-9의항통풍성잔틴산화효소저해활성도각각 70%와 80%로높았다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2024

목적: 본 연구는 2013년부터 2023년까지 최근 10년간 분당서울대학교병원 소아 혈액종양 환자들에게 발생한 균혈증 발생 숫자를 확인하고, 원인균 발생 빈도 및 분포와 이들의 항생제 감수성을 분석하면서 경험적 항생제를 선택하는 데에 필요한 치료 지침의 기초 자료로 활용하고자 수행되었다. 방법: 2013년 1월부터 2023년 7월까지 분당서울대학교병원에 입원한 환자 중 기저혈액종양질환이 있으면서 혈류감염이 발생한 환자들을 대상으로 후향적 의무기록 분석을 하였다. 결과: 10년의 연구 기간동안 총 74명의 환자에게서 98례의 혈류감염이 확인되었고, 이 중 그람 양성균, 그람 음성균, 진균이 각각 57.1% (n=56), 38.8% (n=38), 4.1% (n=4)이었다. 가장 흔한 그람 양성균은 coagulase-negative staphylococci (n=21, 21.4%) 와 Staphylococcus aureus (n=14, 14.3%) 였고, 가장 흔한 그람 음성균은 Klebsiella species (n=16, 16.3%) 와 Escherichia coli (n=10, 10.2%) 였다. 전체 사망한 환자들 중 균혈증 발생으로부터 30일 이내로 사망한 사례는 총 6건 (6.1%) 이었다. 결론: 본 연구는 혈액종양질환을 진단받은 소아 환아들에게서 발생한 균혈증의 원인균 분포 및 각 원인균의 항생제 분포를 분석하였다. 연구결과를 토대로, 연구자들은 현재 사용하는 경험적 항생제 가이드라인을 유지할 수 있다는 점을 알 수 있었다. 소아 혈액종양질환 환아들에게서 발생한 균혈증에서 사용해야 할 적절한 경험적 항생제는 각 기관별로 조사한 항생제 감수성 양상에 기초하여 결정되어야 하며, 지속적인 모니터링은 반드시 이루어져야 한다.

• 미래기술융합논문지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2024

최근 정보통신 기술로 인해 산업화되고 발달됨에 있어, 현대사회의 현대 여성들은 수많은 스트레스로 육체적, 정신적 건강에 노출되어 있다. 대중적으로 발생하는 염증들은 유산균이 감소되거나 잦은 항생제 복용 및 면역력 저하의 원인이 대표적이다. 도움이 되며 반영되는 제품 개발이 필요하다. 현재 시중에 소개되고 있는 이너케어젤은 유익균을 증가시키고 건강한 y존을 유지할수 있다. 이너 젤 속에는 하이드로젤 성분이 함유되어있다. 90%가 물로 이루어져 있고 그 외에 성분은 물을 지지하는 지지체로서의 역할을 수행하며, 고분자 사슬간의 가교결합을 통해 형성된다. HEC(hydroxyethyl cellulose)는 셀룰로오스의 하이드록시에칠에 텔이다. 사용목적은 결합제, 유화안정제, 점도증가제(수성), 피막형성제 역할을 한다. CA (crosslinker)는 가교제이며, 결합시켜주는 역할을 한다. 미용분야의 하이드로젤은 얇은 피막형성으로 피부를 부드럽게 감싸주는 피막형성제 역할을 하고, 다른 원료들이 분리되지 않도록 도움을 주는 유화안정제 역할을 한다. 또한, 화장품에 점성을 높여 점도를 개선시키는 점증제 역할을 한다. 또한, 바이오 분야에서는 포도당 감시, 간호관리, 세포이식 및 상처 치료에도 사용되어지고 있다. 현재로서는 기능성 하이드로젤을 이용한 제품은 나오지 않은 것으로 파악되어 있어 본 연구에서는 기능성 하이드로젤 항균성을 알아보기 위해 Y존 케어 하이드로젤 솔루션 제조를 수행하였으며 새로운 솔루션 개발을 목적으로 한다. 결과적으로 Y존에 적절한 Ph를 맞추었음을 확인하였고, PDB배지에 칸디다 알비칸균 배양 후 Y존 케어 하이드로젤솔루션 세가지 제품 모두 0.5~1.0mm의 항균력 효과를 보았다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.1213-1224
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• 2024

Objective: Enterotypes (ETs) are the clustering of gut microbial community structures, which could serve as indicators of growth performance and carcass traits. However, ETs have been sparsely investigated in waterfowl. The objective of this study was to identify the ileal ETs and explore the correlation of the ETs with growth performance and carcass traits in Muscovy ducks. Methods: A total of 200 Muscovy ducks were randomly selected from a population of 5,000 ducks at 70-day old, weighed and slaughtered. The growth performance and carcass traits, including body weight, dressed weight and evidenced weight, dressed percentage, percentage of apparent yield, breast muscle weight, leg muscle weight, percentage of leg muscle and percentage of breast muscle, were determined. The contents of ileum were collected for the isolation of DNA and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The ETs were identified based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing data and the correlation of the ETs with growth performance and carcass traits was performed by Spearman correlation analysis. Results: Three ETs (ET1, ET2, and ET3) were observed in the ileal microbiota of Muscovy ducks with significant differences in number of features and α-diversity among these ETs (p<0.05). Streptococcus, Candida Arthritis, and Bacteroidetes were the presentative genus in ET1 to ET3, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that Lactococcus and Bradyrhizobium were significantly correlated with percentage of eviscerated yield and leg muscle weight (p<0.05) while ETs were found to have a close association with percentage of eviscerated yield, leg muscle weight, and percentage of leg muscle in Muscovy ducks. However, the growth performance of ducks with different ETs did not show significant difference (p>0.05). Lactococcus were found to be significantly correlated with leg muscle weight, dressed weight, and percentage of eviscerated yield. Conclusion: Our findings revealed a substantial variation in carcass traits associated with ETs in Muscovy ducks. It is implied that ETs might have the potential to serve as a valuable biomarker for assessing duck carcass traits. It would provide novel insights into the interaction of gut microbiota with growth performance and carcass traits of ducks.