• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.5219-5223
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• 2012

Osteopontin (OPN) is an integrin-binding protein, believed to be involved in a variety of physiological cellular functions. The physiology of OPN is best documented in the bone where this secreted adhesive glycoprotein appears to be involved in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. In our study, we used semi-quantitative RT-PCR of osteopontin in calcification tissue of breast to detect breast cancer metastasis. The obtained data indicate that the expression of osteopontin is related to calcification tissue of breast, and possibly with the incidence of breast cancer. The expression strength of OPN by RT-PCR detection was related to the degree of malignancy of breast lesions, suggesting a close relationship between OPN and breast calcification tissue. The results revealed that expression of OPN mRNA is related to calcification of breast cancer tissue and to the development of breast cancer. Determination of OPN mRNA expression can be expected to be a guide to clinical therapy and prediction of the prognosis of breast cancer patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1339-1344
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• 2014

Aims: Alterations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been implicated in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. We here evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic potential of mtDNA as a biomarker for breast cancer. Methods: Using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction, nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mtDNA levels in serum, buffy coat, tumor, and tumor-adjacent tissue samples from 50 breast cancer patients were determined and assessed for associations with clinicopathological features. To evaluate mtDNA as a biomarker for distinguishing between the four sample types, we created receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: The mtDNA levels in buffy coat were significantly lower than in other sample types. Relative to tumor-adjacent tissue, reduced levels of mtDNA were identified in buffy coat and tumor tissue but not in serum. According to ROC curve analysis, mtDNA levels could be used to distinguish between buffy coat and tumor-adjacent tissue samples with good sensitivity (77%) and specificity (83%). Moreover, mtDNA levels in serum and tumor tissue were positively associated with cancer TMN stage. Conclusions: The mtDNA levels in blood samples may represent a promising, non-invasive biomarker in breast cancer patients. Additional, large-scale validation studies are required to establish the potential use of mtDNA levels in the early diagnosis and monitoring of breast cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1073-1076
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• 2015

Background: To explore the relationship between CXCR4, CD133 co-expression and clinicopathological features as well as prognosis of patients with phase II~III colon cancer. Materials and Methods: Forty-nine paraffin-embedded samples of tumor tissue and epithelial tissue adjacent to cancer were collected from patients with colon cancer undergoing radical surgery in Baotou Cancer Hospital from January, 2010 to June, 2011. CXCR4 and CD133 expression was detected using immunohistochemistry and its relationship with clinicopathological features and the 3-year survival rate was analyzed. Results: In the tumor tissue and colonic epithelial tissue adjacent to cancer, the positive expression rates of CXCR4 were respectively 61.2% (30/49) and 8.16% (4/49), while those of CD133 being 36.7% (18/49) and 6.12% (3/49). CXCR4 and CD133 expression in tumor tissue was not related to patient age, gender, primary focal sites, tumor size, TNM staging, histological type, tumor infiltration depth and presence or absence of lymphatic metastasis, but CXCR4 and CD133 co-expression was associated with TNM staging and lymphatic metastasis. The 3-year survival rate of patients with CXCR4 and CD133 co-expression was 27.3% (3/11), and that of the remainderwas 76.3% (29/38), the difference being significant ($X^2=7.0206$, p=0.0081). Conclusions: CXCR4 and CD133 co-expression may be a risk factor for poor prognosis of patients with stage II~III colon cancer.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.24-28
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• 2001

Background and Objectives： Heat shock protein(HSP) 27 is a member of the small HSP family that plays a part in the epithelial cell growth and differentiation, wound healing. apoptosis and cell protection against inflammatory cytotoxic mediators. The expression of HSP27 was investigated in normal laryngeal tissue and squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Materials and Methods : We studied expression of HSP27 by Western blot on 20 patients of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Results： HSP27 expressed in all normal and cancer tissues. In 9 cases(45%), expression of HSP27 more prominent in cancer tissue. Statistically, there were no significant difference in the expression of HSP27 in normal and cancer tissue, clinical stage and tumor differentiation. Conclusion 45% of cancer tissues was more prominent than normal tissue. But further studies on expression of HSP27 in laryngeal cancer and relationship with clinical parameter should be done.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6681-6684
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• 2015

Background: Metastatic cancer with invasion of skin, soft tissue and skeletal muscle is not common. Examples presenting as soft tissue masses could sometimes lead to misdiagnosis with delayed or inappropriate management. The purpose of current study was to investigate clinical characteristics in the involvement of metastatic cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,097 patients complaining of skin or soft tissue masses and/or lesions were retrospectively reviewed from January 2012 to June 2013. Tumors involving skin, soft tissue and skeletal muscle of head and neck, chest wall, abdominal wall, pelvic region, back, upper and lower extremities were included in the study. Results: Fifty-seven (5.2%) patients were recognized as having malignancies on histopathological examination. The most common involvement of malignancy was basal cell carcinoma, followed by cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, sarcoma and melanoma. The most common anatomical location in skin and soft tissue malignancies was head and neck (52.6% of the malignancies). Four (0.36%) of the malignant group were identified as metastatic cancer with the primary cancer source from lung, liver and tonsil and the most common site was upper extremities. One of them unexpectedly expired during the operation of metastatic tumor excision at the scalp. Conclusions: Discrimination between benign and malignant soft tissue tumors is crucial. Performance of imaging study could assist in the differential diagnosis and the pre-operative risk evaluation of metastatic tumors involving skin, soft tissue and skeletal muscle.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.92-103
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• 2022

The development of midinfrared (mid-IR) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) has enabled rapid high-contrast measurement of the mid-IR spectra of biological tissues. Several studies have compared the differences between the mid-IR spectra of colon cancer and noncancerous colon tissues. Most mid-IR spectrum classification studies have been proposed as machine-learning-based algorithms, but this results in deviations depending on the initial data and threshold values. We aim to develop a process for classifying colon cancer and noncancerous colon tissues through a deep-learning-based convolutional-neural-network (CNN) model. First, we image the midinfrared spectrum for the CNN model, an image-based deep-learning (DL) algorithm. Then, it is trained with the CNN algorithm and the classification ratio is evaluated using the test data. When the tissue microarray (TMA) and routine pathological slide are tested, the ML-based support-vector-machine (SVM) model produces biased results, whereas we confirm that the CNN model classifies colon cancer and noncancerous colon tissues. These results demonstrate that the CNN model using midinfrared-spectrum images is effective at classifying colon cancer tissue and noncancerous colon tissue, and not only submillimeter-sized TMA but also routine colon cancer tissue samples a few tens of millimeters in size.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1999

Cancer cells are known to show increased rates of glycolysis metabolism. Based on this, PET studies using F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose have been used for the detection of primary and metastatic tumors. To account for this increased glucose uptake, a variety of mechanisms has been proposed. Glucose influx across the cell membrane is mediated by a family of structurally related proteins known as glucose transporters (Gluts). Among 6 isoforms of Gluts, Glut-1 and/or Glut-3 have been reported to show increased expression in various tumors. Increased level of Glut mRNA transcription is supposed to be the basic mechanism of Glut overexpression at the protein level. Some oncogens such as src or ras intensely stimulate Glut-1 by means of increased Glut-1 mRNA levels. Hexokinase activity is another important factor in glucose uptake in cancer cells. Especially hexokinase type II is considered to be involved in glycolysis of cancer cells. Much of the hexokinase of tumor cells is bound to outer membrane of mitochondria by the porin, a hexokinase receptor. Through this interaction, hexokinase may gain preferred access to ATP synthesized via oxidative phosphorylation in the inner mitochondria compartment. Other biologic factors such as tumor blood flow, blood volume, hypoxia, and infiltrating cells in tumor tissue are involved. Relative hypoxia may activate the anaerobic glycotytic pathway. Surrounding macrophages and newly formed granulation tissue in tumor showed greater glucose uptake than did viable cancer cells. To expand the application of FDG PET in oncology, it is important for nuclear medicine physicians to understand the related mechanisms of glucose uptake in cancer tissue.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1998

One cervical cancer cell line, C9, carrying human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) genes that is one of the major etiologic concoviruses for cervical cancer was characterized. This cell line was further characterized for its capacity related to the epithelial cell proliferation, stratification and differentiation in reconstituted artificial epithelial tissue. The in vitro construction of three dimensional artificial cervical opithelial tissue has been engineered using C9 epithelial cancer cells, human foreskin fibroblasts and a matrix made of type I collagen by organotypic culture of epithelial cells. The morphology of paraffin embedded artificial tissue was examined by histochemical staining. The artificial epithelial tissues were well developed having multilayer. However, the tissue morphology was similar to the cervical tissus having displasia induced by HPV infection. The characteristics of the artificial tissues were examined by determinining the expression of specific marker proteins. In the C9 derived artificial tissues, the expression of EGF receptor, as epithelial proliferation marker proteins for stratum basale was observed up to the stratum spinosum. Another epithelial proliferation marker for stratum spinosum, cytokerations 5/6/18, were observed well over the stratum spinosum. For the differentiation markers, the expression of involucrin and filaggrin were observed while the terminal differentiation marker, cytokeratins 10/13 was not detected at all. Therefore the reconstituted artificial epithelial tissues expressed the same types of differentiation marker proteins that are expressed in normal human cervical epithelial tissues but lacked the final differentiation capacity representing characteristics of C9 cell line as a cancer tissue devived cell line. Expression of HPV18 E6 oncoprotein was also observed in this artifical cervical opithelial tissue though the intensity of the staining was weak. Thus this artificial epithelial tissue could be used as a useful model system to examine the relationship between HPV-induced cervical oncogenesis and epithelial cell differentiation.

• BMB Reports
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.626-634
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• 2008

Novel cancer biomarkers are required to achieve early diagnosis and optimized therapy for individual patients. Cancer is a disease of the genome, and tumor tissues are a rich source of cancer biomarkers as they contain the functional translation of the genome, namely the proteome. Investigation of the tumor tissue proteome allows the identification of proteomic signatures corresponding to clinico-pathological parameters, and individual proteins in such signatures will be good biomarker candidates. Tumor tissues are also a rich source for plasma biomarkers, because proteins released from tumor tissues may be more cancer specific than those from non-tumor cells. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) with novel ultra high sensitive fluorescent dyes (CyDye DIGE Fluor satulation dye) enables the efficient protein expression profiling of laser-microdissected tissue samples. The combined use of laser microdissection allows accurate proteomic profiling of specific cells in tumor tissues. To develop clinical applications using the identified biomarkers, collaboration between research scientists, clinicians and diagnostic companies is essential, particularly in the early phases of the biomarker development projects. The proteomics modalities currently available have the potential to lead to the development of clinical applications, and channeling the wealth of produced information towards concrete and specific clinical purposes is urgent.

• 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2004년도 The 3rd Annual Conference for The Korean Society for Bioinformatics Association of Asian Societies for Bioinformatics 2004 Symposium
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• pp.272-278
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• 2004

Recently, Pepe et al. (2003) employed the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) approach to rank candidate genes from a microarray experiment that can be used for the biomarker development with the ultimate purpose of the population screening of a cancer, In the cancer microarray experiment based on n patients the researcher often wants to compare the tumor tissue with the normal tissue within the same individual using a common reference RNA. This design is referred to as a reference design or an indirect design. Ideally, this experiment produces n pairs of microarray data, where each pair consists of two sets of microarray data resulting from reference versus normal tissue and reference versus tumor tissue hybridizations. However, for certain individuals either normal tissue or tumor tissue is not large enough for the experimenter to extract enough RNA for conducting the microarray experiment, hence there are missing values either in the normal or tumor tissue data. Practically, we have $n_1$ pairs of complete observations, $n_2$ 'normal only' and $n_3$ 'tumor only' data for the microarray experiment with n patients, where n=$n_1$+$n_2$+$n_3$. We refer to this data set as a mixed data set, as it contains a mix of fully observed and partially observed pair data. This mixed data set was actually observed in the microarray experiment based on human tissues, where human tissues were obtained during the surgical operations of cancer patients. Pepe et al. (2003) provide the rationale of using ROC approach based on two independent samples for ranking candidate gene instead of using t or Mann -Whitney statistics. We first modify ROC approach of ranking genes to a paired data set and further extend it to a mixed data set by taking a weighted average of two ROC values obtained by the paired data set and two independent data sets.