• Toxicological Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated the in vitro anti-obesity, anti-cancer activity and single oral dose toxicity of Inonotus xeranticus extracted by methanol (INXM) or ethyl acetate (INXE). In order to investigate anti-obestity effect of Inonotus xeranticus extracts, the 3T3-L1 cells were treated with these extracts at various concentrations(1, 10, 100 and $300{\mu}g/ml$). It was observed that 3T3-L1 cells treated with $100{\mu}g/ml$ of Inonotus obliquus ethyl acetate extract (INOE), INXM and INXE, in the absence of differentiation cocktail (0.5mM isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) $1{\mu}M$ dexamethasone, $1{\mu}M$ insulin), differentiated at a rate of 78.5, 80.9, and 76.4% respectively. Differentiation rates of 86.6% and 83.4% were observed in 3T3-L1 cells which were treated with differentiation cocktail at $100{\mu}g/ml$ of INXM and INXE, respectively. The anti-cancer effect of Inonotus xeranticus extracts was investigated using a method of sulforhodamine B in sarcoma 180 cell line. The cells were treated with these extracts (1, 10, 100 and $300{\mu}g/ml$) for 48 hours. The growth of cells which were treated with $300{\mu}g/ml$ of INXM was inhibited by 80.1%. The growth of sarcoma 180 cells which were treated with 100 and $300{\mu}g/ml$ of INXE was inhibited by 74.7% and 64.5%, respectively. In single oral dose toxicity study, no differences were observed between control and treated groups in clinical signs, body weight gains, and feed and water consumptions. The results indicated that Inonotus xeranticus extracts did not show any toxic effects at 2,000mg/kg in mice, and the $LD_{50}$ of these extracts was found to be higher than 2,000 mg/kg in this experiment. From the above results, Inonotus xeranticus methanol and ethyl acetate extracts might have useful clinical applications in the management of cancer and obesity and may also be useful as a medicinal food.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2018

목적: 호스피스 완화의료에서 환자의 기대 여명 예측뿐 아니라 퇴원형태를 예측하여 적절한 치료를 제공할 필요가 있다. 이번 연구에서는 입원 초기 환자의 퇴원 형태 예측에 유의한 요소들을 알아보고 효율적인 완화의료의 방향에 대해 제시하고자 한다. 방법: 2016년 4월 1일부터 2017년 12월 31일까지 P병원 호스피스 병동에 입원한 말기암환자 568명 중 377명을 대상으로 하였으며 입원 시 사정한 환자의 수행 지수, 증상 및 징후, 사회 경제적 상태와 혈액검사 자료를 바탕으로 연구를 진행하였다. 결과: 입원 당시 높은 수행지수, 양호한 증상 및 징후, 정상에 가까운 혈액검사 수치를 보일 때 생존 퇴원할 가능성이 높았다. 결론: 환자의 퇴원형태 예측에 ECOG, KPS, Global health, Mental status와 같은 수행지수, dyspnea, anorexia, dysphagia, fatigue와 같은 증상 및 징후, CBC, LFT, BUN, CRP 혈액검사 수치가 유의한 지표임을 확인하였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.262-269
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• 1994

연구배경: 소세포 폐암은 비소세포 폐암에 비해 병의 진행경과 및 치료에 대한 반응이 상이하게 나타나는데 저자들은 지난 7년간(1986~1992) 본원에서 진단된 소세포 폐암환자들을 대상으로, 그 치료성적에 대해 고찰해 보고자 하였다. 방법: 조직학적 및 세포진 검사상 폐암으로 진단받은 806명 중 소세포 폐암으로 밝혀진 153명의 환자들을 대상으로 하였으며, 병력일지 및 우편물 또는 전화를 통하여 102명의 환자에 대한 생사확인과 사망일지 등을 확인하였고 임상기록을 중심으로 후향적인 방법으로 분석하였다. 결과: 1) 전체 암환자 수는 8,050명 이었으며, 그 중 폐암환자는 806명(10.0%) 이었고 소세포 폐암환자는 153명으로 전체 폐암환자의 19.0%를 차지했으며, 남녀의 비는 129명: 24명(84.3% : 15.7%) 이었다. 2) 소세포 폐암환자의 연령분포는 60대가 60명(39.2%), 50대가 53명(34.6%)으로 3/4 정도의 환자가 50~60대 사이에 발생했다. 3) 다양한 증상 및 증세를 나타냈으며, 반 수 이상의 환자에서 기침, 객담, 호흡곤란 및 흉통이 있었고 진단방법으로는 128명(83.5%)이 기관지 내시경 및 생검으로 진단 되었으며 ECOG에 의한 수행상태는 $H_2$가 59.5%를 차지하였고, 그 다음은 $H_1$이 30.7%를 차지하였다. 병기 및 위치의 분류는 대개가 limited stage(105명, 68.7%)와 central type(134명, 87.6%) 이었다. 4) 화학요법과 병합요법(항암 및 방사선 치료)을 시행한 군의 치료에 대한 반응을 비교해 본 바 병합요법을 시행한 군이 완전관해 및 부분관해율이 63.4%을 보였으며 평균 생존기간은 3주기 이상의 화학요법으로 시행한 환자중 limited stage의 경우 5.3개월 extensive stage는 4.6개월을 보여 양군간에 유이한 차이가 없었으나, limited stage 에서 시행한 병합요법 환자의 경우 15개월 1일의 평균 생존기간을 나타내어 limited stage시의 화학요법과 유이한 차이를 보였다. 5) 치료의 유무와 상관없이 시행한 각 병기간 환자의 중앙 생존기간은 limited stage가 10.9개월 extensive stage가 4.8개월을 보여 양군간의 유이한 차이를 보였다. 결론: 폐암은 현재 국내에서도 점차 증가하는 추세에 있는 악성 종양중의 하나로 본원에서의 최근 7년간 전체 암환자 순위 중 특히 남자의 경우 위암 다음으로 많았으며, 그 중 소세포 폐암의 치료성적에 대해 후향적인 방법으로 고찰하여 보고하는 바이며, 특히 limited stage 시 항암 및 방사선치료가 항암단일요법보다 더 생존율이 높은것으로 나타났는데, 향후 더 정확한 임상고찰을 위해서는 전향적인 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5735-5739
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• 2012

Background: Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an insidious tumor with poor prognosis, arising from mesothelial surfaces such as pleura, peritoneum and pericardium. We here aimed to evaluate the demographic, clinical, and radiological features of patients with MM followed in our center as well as their survival. Methods: The study included 228 patients (131 male, 97 female) who were followed up in our institution between 1993 and 2010 with the diagnosis of MM. Results: The mean age was 59.1 years in men and 58.7 years in women and the sex ratio was 1.4:1 in favor of males. Environmental asbestos exposure was present in 86% of the patients for a mean duration of $40{\pm}20$ years (range: 3-70). Pleural effusion and thoracic/abdominal pain were the most common presenting signs and symptoms (70.2% and 57.8%, respectively). One hundred-thirteen (66%) patients were treated with platinum-based combination chemotherapy (PBCT) plus supportive care (SC) and 67 (34%) patients received SC alone. The median follow-up time was 10.0 months. The median overall survival was significantly improved with PBCT plus SC compared to SC alone (11.4 vs. 5.1 months; p=0.005). The 6, 12, 18, and 24-month survival rates were significantly improved with PBCT plus SC compared to SC alone (72%, 43%, 19%, and 2% vs. 49%, 31%, 11%, and 1%). Conclusion: The survival of patients with MM improved in patients treated with PBCT. The survival advantage continued 12- and 24-month after the initial time of combination chemotherapy.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제38권
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• pp.40.1-40.4
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• 2016

Background: This report describes the authors' experience of "melting" septal cartilage after placement of a septal extension graft in a nasopharyngeal cancer patient that had been previously undergone radiation therapy, and provides a review of the literature. Methods: Electronic medical records were used to obtain details of the patient's clinical history. Results: A 32-year-old woman, who had previously undergone radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer, visited our department to for rhinoplasty. Rhinoplasty was performed using a septal extension graft to raise the nasal tip (first operation). Five days after surgery, it was found that the septal extension graft was melting without any signs of infection, that is, the graft had softened, lost elasticity, thinned, and partially disappeared without any sign of infection at 5 days, and thus, the nasal tip was reconstructed with conchal cartilage (second operation). Five months after surgery, it was found that almost all septal cartilage had disappeared without any sign of infection, and thus, the entire nasal septum was reconstructed using 2-mm costal cartilage and an onlay graft was used for tip augmentation (third operation). Conclusions: After cartilage has been exposed to radiotherapy, its patency should be viewed with suspicion. Further studies are needed for determine the mechanism responsible for cartilage damage after radiotherapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.511-517
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• 2016

Scabraside D, a sulfated triterpene glycoside extract from sea cucumber Holothulia scabra, shows various biological activities, but effects on human cholangiocarcinoma cells have not previously been reported. In the present study, we investigated the activity of scabraside D against human cholangiocarcinoma (HuCCA) both in vitro and for tumor growth inhibition in vivo using a xenograft model in nude mice. Scabraside D ($12.5-100{\mu}g/mL$) significantly decreased the viability and the migration of the HuCCA cells in a dose-dependent manner, with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of $12.8{\pm}0.05{\mu}g/mL$ at 24 h. It induced signs of apoptotic cells, including shrinkage, pyknosis and karyorrhetic nuclei and DNA fragmentation on agarose gel electrophoresis. Moreover, by quantitative real-time PCR, scabraside D effectively decreased Bcl-2 while increasing Bax and Caspase-3 gene expression levels suggesting that the scabraside D could induce apoptosis in HuCCA cells. In vivo study demonstrated that scabraside D (1 mg/kg/day, i.p. for 21 days) significantly reduced growth of the HuCCA xenografts without adverse effects on the nude mice. Conclusively, scabraside D induced apoptosis in HuCCA cells and reduced the growth of HuCCA xenographs model. Therefore, scabraside D may have potential as a new therapeutic agent for cholangiocarcinoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10319-10323
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• 2015

Background: The incidence rate of brain tumors has increased more than 40% in the past 20 years, especially in adults. We aimed to study the clinical and pathological findings of central nervous system (CNS) tumor patients and to evaluate their 5 year survival rates. Materials and Methods: The archives of all patients with CNS tumors in 6 health care centers in Yazd, Iran, from 2006 to 2013, were studied. Patients data were extracted using a checklist which included age, sex, date of reference and diagnosis, date of death, clinical signs, radiography findings, pathology report, size and location of tumor, patient treatment and grade of tumor. Results: A total of 306 patient records were studied in the 8 year period. The most prevalent type of tumor was astrocytoma (n=113, 36.9%). The frequency of almost all tumor types was statistically higher in male patients (p=0.025). In most cases surgery with radiotherapy was the treatment of choice (49.3%). The most frequent symptom reported was headache (in 60.8% of patients) followed by convulsions (15.7%). Most of the tumors were located in the right hemisphere (46.1%) and the frontal and parietal lobe (26% and 12%, respectively). Radiography findings displayed edema with a nonhomogeneous lesion in majority of the patients (87%). The survival fraction of the patients with malignant tumors decreased over time (0.807 in the first year and 0.358 at the end of the $5^{th}$ year). Conclusions: Astrocytoma was the more common CNS tumor with male predominance. Overall survival rates of malignant tumors decreased over time and this was in relation with tumor grade.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.211-232
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• 1998

Because there were lots of side effects and tolerances to the existing anticancer therapeutics, the experiment extracting the anticancer effect from medicinal herbs is in progress liviely. Therefore the purpose of this study were to research the tendency and the course of anticancer studies. To research the tendency of anticancer studies, medicinal herbs of fifty three experimental papers were analyzed and to examine the course of studies, anticancer papers in the medical world were used. The obtained results were as follows: Methods of herbal medicinal treatments were elimination the pathogenic factor(祛邪) and supporting healthy energy(扶正) method used. In this study, immediately tumor bearing and immune response were the most important point. The subject of immediately tumor bearing was not in the specific cancer but in the influence on the life span of general cencerous cells. In the experimental study of immune response, the effect on NK cell activity of medicinal herbs most studied. The combined usage of medicinal herbs and anticancer agent mostly intended to know whether it inhibits the tumor cell growth. The serum test and blood cell number test show if medicinal herbs inhibit side effect of anticancer agent. More than 80 percents of used medicinal herbs, there were anticancer activities. However anticancer experimental studies using medicinal herbs two weak points. The one, it was difficult to choose a prescription according to differentiation of symptoms and signs(辨證論) of the Oriental Medicine, because we put to the test not a man but a mouse. The other, as we observed the indirect effect of the whole physiological regulation caused by synergic effects of the complex prescription, we don't understand the detailed mechanism of the herb. Therefore, if the anticancer effect of the herb is proved the experiment, we should research the concrete medical action of medicinal herbs and immunological analysis of herbal medicines to the body.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6561-6568
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• 2015

Background: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) has long been realized as an important component of the fight for global tobacco control. It still remains a major problem in countries like India, Bangladesh and Nepal. The objective of this study was to estimate the trends of SLT use in three countries of the SEARO WHO office. Materials and Methods: We used data from national surveys in three countries (Bangladesh, India and Nepal) to estimate trends in prevalence of current SLT use. All available nationally representative data sources were used. Estimates were weighted, age standardized and given along with 95% confidence intervals. Significance of linear trend in prevalence over time was tested using the Cochrane-Armitage test for trend. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: We identified three surveys for Bangladesh, three for India and four for Nepal that met the selection criteria (such as Demographic and Health Surveys, WHO-STEPwise approach to Surveillance and Global Adult Tobacco Surveys). A significantly increasing trend was noticed in the prevalence of current SLT use among Bangladeshi men (20.2% to 23%, p=0.03). In India, a similar significantly increasing trend was seen among men (27.1% to 33.4%, p<0.001) and women (10.1% to 15.7%, p<0.001). In Nepal, there was a no significant trend among both men (39.1% to 31.6%, p=0.11) and women (5.6% to 4.7%, p=0.49). Conclusions: In the study countries SLT use has remained at alarmingly high levels. Usage trends do not show any signs of decline in spite of control efforts. Tobacco control measures should focus more on controlling SLT use.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6337-6340
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• 2013

Through retrospective analysis of 13 cases of magnetic resonance image (MRI) manifestations of atypical meningiomas confirmed by operation and pathology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, the objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of MRI in order to improve the accuracy rate of preoperative diagnosis. In this retrospective analysis of MRI findings for atypical meningiomas in First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from January to July in 2012, the location, morphology and tumor signals and other tumor imaging characteristics were covered. In 13 cases of atypical meningioma patients of this group, most tumors were located at typical sites (10/13), mainly the falx cerebri, parasagittal, convexity, saddle area. Only two cases were at atypical locations, 1 in the cerebellar hemisphere and 1 in a lateral ventricle. Most of the tumors showed T1 and T2 isointensity signals, and necrosis, calcification, and peritumoral edema were always featured. DWI showed isointensity in 11 cases (11/13), and hyperintensity in 2. Some 9 cases had dural tail signs, 12 had accurate positioning (12/13), and 2 were postoperative recurrences. MRI has high value in the diagnosis of atypical meningiomas, with important roles in early clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation.