• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.113-124
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• 2009

This study has attempted to calculate the intensity of illumination for the optimal growth environment of indoor plants after analyzing both damage to plant species and growth conditions as impacted by light conditions for the Kyobo Life Insurance greenhouse. The optical intensity of illumination has been estimated after investigating the problems of growth conditions based on an analysis of illumination by light condition, dead tree replacement cycle(weeks) and rate of damage of plant species. According to the investigation of illumination, the lowest difference was observed between the shaded spot in the south(531lux) and the sunny spot(602lux) while the largest difference(nearly 500lux) was detected between the shaded spot in the central area(210lux) and the sunny spot(782lux). According to an analysis of dead trees from 1990 to 2004, in terms of dead tree replacement cycle, Viburnum awabuki was the highest(161weeks), followed by Phyllostachys spp.(84weeks), Camellia japonica and Ternstroemia japonica(40weeks). Regardless of plant species, damage rate of plant were lower in the shaded spot and higher in the sunny spot. According to correlation and regression analyses with the intensity of illumination as an independent variable and the damage rate of plant species as a dependent variable, the damage rate of plant species increased as the intensity of illumination decreased. A dramatic decline in the rate of damage was observed at $500{\sim}600lux$. At 700lux, it reached the lowest level.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.12 no.34
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• pp.679-697
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• 1974

I. Preface A. Establishment. There are many psycological and physiological difficulties that students have made practical application to a building site of 600 pyung and a structure of 65 pyung each sixteen students in the Home Management House, but there exists problem in students apprentice and management of professors. B. Purpose of study This research aim to seek a high degree of efficiency approach in investigating, studying and analyzing factors of the problem in Home Management which have been faced in women colleges in seoul. C. Content of study. This study is aim at finding out the problems including facilites, system, guiding principle, working bottleneck and administrative problem in making practical application of Home Management. II. A plan and method of study A. This subject of statiscal research is 616 women students in senior year from september 27 1970 to October 31 1974. The rate of collection of questionnaire is 100 percent. B. The Method of study is devised through refering documents, interview with students, questionnaire and observation. III. Result of study Of the total of 29 university in seoul, 24 Universities have its Course of Home Economic among which only 12 have Home Management for making practical application. Home Management House for making practical application is located mainly in campus but some of them exceptimally are in outside university. Students practice mainly at civilzed resident, apartment, bangalow so forth, and demention of which occupies approxiamtely 50-600 pyung (land) and 20-70 pyung (Building). A member with 4 or 20 students make practical application from 10 days to 3 months. A member consists of students and assistant teacher, and practice site classifies into living school for Professors living, and another school for Professors and assistant teachers. Answer to a questionnaire. 616 students answer to a questionnaire. 49 Perfect of 616 students like to have a member with 12 students like to have a member with 12 students, 38 percent student a member with 16 students. About the period of making practical About the period of making practical application, 76 percent students like to have two or three week period. 19 percent students think it a short period and 4 percent students think it a long period. There is none who thinks 25 day period day period to be short. About making practical application, 66 percent of 616 students feel uneasy, 40 percent students feel lack of sleep and tired. Students take a pleasure in having a conversation with their friends, inviting their mother, having dinner-party and birthday party. 77 percent students want to invite their father and 67 percent students want to invite their boy-friends. It is hard to have a good personal relation about the great the result of practice, students acknowledge themselves that they have learned about Cautiousness and they are sure of good Home Manager. There are 9 difficult problems during the period. IV. Summary discussion a. Many problems come from having a number of students. b. Students feel tired with their practice if over three weeks. No Matter how good a plan is, it useless if students can't adapt themselves to it. Suggestions 1) it is good to have a member with 5 or 6 students, and it is suitable to have two or three week period, and to have an area of 20 or 30 pyung. 2) it's proposed a profess or to live together in making practical application of Home Management 3) it is proposed a professor to have a sure T.O. and to be treated better.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

The "Historic city Preservative law" was legislated for the preservation of cultural properties and enacting regulations of managing the environment around them in 2004. This law was revised to "Historic city Preservative and Development law" in 2012, and specified the criteria for permissible behaviors in the preservative district. Therefore, this paper focused on the ancient capital Gyeongju and developed a comprehensive system for evaluating the value of the ancient historic district based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Through the evaluation of the ancient historic districts, which are the pilot project districts in the "Gyeongju Ancient Capital Preservation Plan", some preferential projects were objectively proposed. As a result, according to the evaluation among 10 ancient historic districts in Gyeongju, Daereungwon got a score of 78.34, which is the highest among 7 special preservation districts. On the other side, the Gyo-dong area got a score of 76.14, the highest among 3 historic and cultural environmental districts. Finally, for the preservation and development of Gyeongju, some efficient preservation and development plans were objectively proposed for the pilot project districts in the "Gyeongju Ancient Capital Preservation Plan".

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.449-455
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• 2022

The Colony of Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring in Sanyang-myeon, Mungyeong-si, can be divided into five types, and in the past, it was said that Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring formed colonies throughout the colony and grew naturally, but now it remains only in some sections. It was found that the Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring colony was damaged by artificial and natural factors, and as an artificial factor, the Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring was proven to be effective for medicinal and cremation, and many people were damaging the Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring colony without permission. Naturally, vines thrive and Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring die, and the reality is that the entire colony of Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring is in danger of being damaged if maintenance is not performed. On the other hand, there are sections that reproduce with symbiosis with some herbaceous plants, so it is necessary to plan and implement conservation strategies. In order to preserve the Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring colony, CCTV is needed to prevent artificial damage, and on the contrary, install facilities such as fences can easily burn up and create worse scenery, so it can preserve the good environment, restore recoverable areas, and install supplementary buffer zones.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 2024

Multi-family housing plays a crucial role as a living and experiencing space, and its environment has a direct impact on the well-being and stability of its residents. Therefore, Crime Prevention Design (CPTED) for multi-family housing is of utmost importance. However, crime-related data in China is not disclosed to the public because of its specificity, making it difficult for researchers to conduct further in-depth studies based on accurate crime data. As a result, the establishment and application of CPTED theory in terms of crime prevention is limited and delayed. This study aims to explore three aspects of CPTED in multi-family housing as perceived by home-buying consumers. It investigated consumer perception of the CPTED, the importance of each element and ways to increase awareness of CPTED in multifamily housing in order to effectively improve multifamily crime prevention design principles and further enhance public safety. This study examined the current state and future trends of CPTED in China by analyzing relevant research reports and literature, aiming to gain insights into the crime prevention awareness of Chinese homeowners. In addition, a survey was conducted on Chinese consumers to unravel the importance of CPTED and increase awareness of its various elements in multifamily-family. This study used a Likert scale and SPSS reliability analysis to determine the cognitive status of multi-family CPTED, the importance of each element, and proposed an improvement plan based on the analysis results. As this study was limited by the difficulty of implementation and the lack of validation of its practical effectiveness, it is recommended that future research needs to validate the effectiveness of crime prevention designs and produce more practical results. Furthermore, it is crucial to utilize this study to inform the implementation of security solutions that are tailored to the unique characteristics of each district. Additionally, it is important to offer guidance on how to enhance community safety by increasing residents' awareness of security through education and information dissemination. The author hopes that the representative multi-family CPTED awareness, the importance of each element, and plans for improvement shall be summarized from this study, and provide foundational data for the future development of CPTED based on the Chinese region.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.64-73
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• 2020

This paper presented a methodology for calculating daily load curves per city by taking into account the charging/discharging location of electric vehicle. In other words, this is the daily load curve calculation algorithm by city, which takes into account the charging/discharging location of electric vehicles, so that the impact of loads generated by charging/discharging of electric vehicles on the power grid can be easily understood in certain cities. Specifically, in accordance with the PEVs share scenario, the PEVs discharge power was calculated to reflect both the characteristics of the arriving vehicle in the morning and the SMP plan after establishing a assumption that the electric vehicle arrived at work in the morning and the electric vehicle arrived at home in the afternoon for each of the charging/discharging locations, that is, work and home, of electric vehicles in the city. After calculating the daily load curve for each charging/discharging power type for the PEVs charging strategy, which takes into account both the characteristics of the vehicle arriving at home in the afternoon and the TOU fare system, it was analyzed by comparing the impact assessment on the grid by adding the existing load.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.133-164
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• 1981

"Jonkyongkak" which King, Sungjong of Yi dynasty established within Sungkyunkwan in 1475 is regarded as the first university library in Korea. On the basis of modern librarianship, however, it is desirable to recognize the fact that Keijo Imperial University Library is really the first university library in Korea. In this thesis, an attempt to study the Korean university libraries under the period of Japanese control is provided. Keijo Imperial University Library is the key institution in this study. This study will focus to review the following facts: 1) the historical background of Keijo. Imperial University Library; 2) the organization and staffing pattern, and budget of this library; 3) the acquisition policy and basic collection development plan of this library; 4) the library and other services of this library including readers services; 5) the relationship with other private college libraries; and 6) the impact of this library on the present Seoul National University Library. The followings are the outlined conclusions: 1. Japanese Government had established Keijo Imperial University Library in order to perform the colonial education policy of Korean peninsula. Furthermore, it was one of the import supporting agencies for the research activities which were necessary for Japan to govern the Southeast Asia including Korean Peninsula 2. The organization and staffing size and pattern of this library are much below to those of modern university libraries. They are somewhat below to the level which is necessary to perform the minimum basic library functions. 3. The priorities of book collection of this library are 1) humanities and social sciences especially, materials on Law are much emphasized; 2) pure sciences and 3) technologies and agriculture. Therefore, the quantity of the materials on the field of technology and agriculture is very small. 4. The acquisition policies of this library are deeply influenced by the Japanese Government's colonial policy of Korean peninsula and her aggressive policy of Chinese Continent. 5. The major contribution of this library to the present Seoul National University Library is the transfer of 550,000 volumes of books and library building, but this building is now removed according to the transfer of Seoul National University Campus. 6. The staffing pattern of this library was, however, much ahead of that times. Especially, the facts that professional librarians were eligible to be appointed as the director of this library, and they had the faculty membership including faculty rank should be highly appreciated.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.6 s.113
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• pp.98-108
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• 2006

The climate of urban area is an unstable type with considerable seasonal variation in precipitation wind speed, and temperature and it grows worse. Besides, ozone is a serious air pollutant in most of large cities. So worldwide, some of large cities are investing in forestry options to offset their climate problems, but lack of information has hindered comparisons of urban un cost effectiveness to other options. This research intends to study the economic benefits of tree shading of 19 parking lots in UCD campus. The economic benefits of tree shading are air conditioning savings, air quality, stormwater run-off, and other benefits. Especially, this study focuses how much the economic benefit of parking lot shading has been increased from 1995 to 2003 year by aerophoto. Some data on dimensions of parking lots and the number, size, tree species, and location of trees around each parking lot was inventoried. Two aerophotos(1995,2003) were used in order to analyze the increasement of tree canopy in 19 parking lots for 8 years. However, increasing coverage of trees and managing them for healthy growth would not be sufficient for avoiding adverse impacts by future climate change. Additional measures should be followed such as an increase of energy use efficiency and development of substitute energy. For example, coverage of trees help to save cooling energy by blocking solar radiation reaching parking cars and building structures through shading, and creating cool micro-climates through evapotranspiration. They also reduce heating demand by decreasing air infiltration and heat conduction out of the interior of buildings. Proper arrangement of vegetation over the parking lots can reduce cooling and heating costs. So proper planting design around hard space paving including species selection and location can significantly save cooling and heating energy. And a reduction in car and building's heating and cooling costs results in the reduction in energy demand which causes to emissions of air pollutants. Total increased tree canopy from 1995 to 2003 is $8,470.45m^2$ and the economic benefits is US$ 5,282.10. The economic benefit of one tree has been US$ 7.21 for 8 years. And an annually increased benefit is US$ 0.9 per a tree. If this kind of study is applied to studying the economic benefits of tree canopy in parking lots of Korea, it could result in guidelines of tree planting of parking lots. Because the trees selected for planting in parking lots were not suitable for an environment, the guidelines should contain a recommended list of trees. The guidelines should propose the shading percentage of parking lot when we plan a parking lot and contain the maintenance of trees in order to maximize the economic benefits of tree canopy.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.11-15
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• 2015

The Last PlannerSystem (LPS) has been implemented on construction projects to increase work flow reliability, a precondition for project performance againstproductivity and progress targets. The LPS encompasses four tiers of planning processes:master scheduling, phase scheduling, lookahead planning, and commitment / weeklywork planning. This research highlights deficiencies in the current implementation of LPS including poor lookahead planning which results in poor linkage between weeklywork plans and the master schedule. This poor linkage undetermines the ability of theweekly work planning process to select for execution tasks that are critical to projectsuccess. As a result, percent plan complete (PPC) becomes a weak indicator of project progress. The purpose of this research is to improve lookahead planning (the bridgebetween weekly work planning and master scheduling), improve PPC, and improve theselection of tasks that are critical to project success by increasing the link betweenShould, Can, Will, and Did (components of the LPS), thereby rendering PPC a betterindicator of project progress. The research employs the case study research method to describe deficiencies inthe current implementation of the LPS and suggest guidelines for a better application ofLPS in general and lookahead planning in particular. It then introduces an analyticalsimulation model to analyze the lookahead planning process. This is done by examining the impact on PPC of increasing two lookahead planning performance metrics: tasksanticipated (TA) and tasks made ready (TMR). Finally, the research investigates theimportance of the lookahead planning functions: identification and removal ofconstraints, task breakdown, and operations design.The research findings confirm the positive impact of improving lookaheadplanning (i.e., TA and TMR) on PPC. It also recognizes the need to perform lookaheadplanning differently for three types of work involving different levels of uncertainty:stable work, medium uncertainty work, and highly emergent work.The research confirms the LPS rules for practice and specifically the need to planin greater detail as time gets closer to performing the work. It highlights the role of LPSas a production system that incorporates deliberate planning (predetermined andoptimized) and situated planning (flexible and adaptive). Finally, the research presents recommendations for production planningimprovements in three areas: process related, (suggesting guidelines for practice),technical, (highlighting issues with current software programs and advocating theinclusion of collaborative planning capability), and organizational improvements(suggesting transitional steps when applying the LPS).

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.604-612
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• 2012

Self-management plan for GHG (Greenhouse Gas) reduction should be prepared in academic facilities, which occupy a large amount of energy consumption. In this study, a university was chosen as one of the major academic facilities and its energy consuming pattern and GHG emission were analyzed. The results have shown that annual $CO_2$ emission from university buildings was 10,452 ton-$CO_2$ (0.65 ton-$CO_2/m^2$), and dependent upon 78.0% electricity, 20.5% LNG and 1.5% oil, respectively as energy sources. According to more detail analysis by usage of energy consumption, appliances occupies 36.7% followed by gas heating (18.9%), lighting (18.6%), heating with electricity (12.5%), cooling with electricity (10.2%), transportation (1.5%), gas cooling (1.2%) and cooking (0.4%). Furthermore, annual $CO_2$ emissions per unit area and a student by electricity usage were evaluated to 51.30 kg-$CO_2/m^2$ and 981.86 kg-$CO_2$/capita, respectively and those by LNG usage were 14.61 kg-$CO_2/m^2$ and 241.01 kg-$CO_2$/capita.