• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2013

In this study, we examined chewing frequency, eating rates, and food consumption volume according to the body mass index of male and female college students. Twenty-five male college students were divided into a normal weight male group (<23 body mass index, n=14) and an obese male group (${\geq}23$ body mass index, n=11). Twenty-five female college students were divided into a normal weight female group (<23 body mass index, n=21) and an obese female group (${\geq}23$ body mass index, n=4). Subjects were provided with abundant fried rice and allowed to consume it at their own pace. Chewing frequency, total mealtime, rate of eating, consumption volume, calorie intake, and the amount of one bite were measured. There were no significant differences in chewing frequency, total mealtime, rate of eating, consumption volume, calorie intake, and the amount of one bite between the normal and obese male groups. There were also no significant differences in chewing frequency, consumption volume, calorie intake, and the amount of one bite between the normal and obese female groups. However, the obese female group had a significantly shorter mealtime and significantly higher eating rate compared with the normal group. Thus, our study suggests that females who eat a meal for a longer time may reduce their food intake, consequently inducing body weight loss.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate antioxidant capacity and relating factors including gender, obesity, lifestyle factors, and nutrient intake in chronic stroke patients. Methods: A total of 188 chronic stroke patients who visited a medical center in Seoul participated in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to assess their clinical characteristics and lifestyles. Blood samples were collected for ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) for antioxidant capacity. Dietary intake of the patients were obtained for 2 days by 24 hours recall method. Results: The mean FRAP was $392.0{\mu}mol/L$. According to the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, the factors related to high FRAP were male sex (p=.036), alcohol drinking (p=.013), and calorie intake deficiency (p=.005). Conclusion: We found that antioxidant capacity was related to lifestyle factors including alcohol drinking, and calorie intake in chronic stroke patients. A tailored strategy is needed to increase antioxidant capacity according to gender and lifestyles in the chronic phase of stoke patients.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.151-162
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional status and factors related to dislike of vegetables in the students who avoid eating vegetables in elementary school. The subjects were classified into VDG (vegetable dislike group, 75 children) and control group (69 children) by amount of vegetable left in school feeding. The survey included the items of demographic characteristics, dietary behaviors, nutrition knowledge, food preference, reason for dislike of vegetables and nutrient intake of the subjects. Dietary behavior and nutrition knowledge scores of control group were higher than those of VDG. The average score of food preference was 4.9 and 4.7 in control and VDG groups respectively. The preference score of root vegetables was the lowest in subjects. In the view of nutrient intake, the calorie intake of control group was higher than that of VDG. Protein intake of control and VDG was enough as compared with their RDA. Except vitamin E, most nutrient intake of control group was higher than that of VDG. VDG consumed lower calorie, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin C, Ca, P, Fe and Zn than control group. The scores of the dietary behavior and nutrition knowledge in the subjects were positively related to the status of some vitamins and minerals intake. These results show that the scores of nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior of VDG were lower than those of control, causing low intake of vitamins and minerals such as vitamin A, Ca and Fe.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.86-94
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine bone mineral density and factors which effect on bone mineral density such as daily nutrients intake, age, menarch age and physical condition among healthy female college students in Daegu area from April 20, to May 20, 2004. 1. Average age was 20.5$\pm$0.96 years old, average height was 160.9$\pm$4.30㎝, and average weight was 55.9$\pm$7.67㎏. Body mass index was 21.6$\pm$2.91㎏/㎡, body fat was 25.6$\pm$5.79％, menarche age was average 12.5$\pm$1.1 years old and WHR(waist/hip circumference ratio) was 0.8$\pm$0.01㎝/㎝. 2. Average level of bone mineral density(T-score -0.56$\pm$0.91) was in normal range. But, 11 persons(24.4％) are over T-score -1.0, 33 persons(73.4％) were within -1.0 - -2.5 and one person(2.2％) was under -2.5. It is very anxious level for Osteopenia-low bone mass, as research result shows 73.4% of the subject of examine on the level of Osteopenia. 3. Daily calorie intake was 2,550㎉ and each nutrient intake, compared to the seventh recommended dietary allowances for korean, was as follows ; Calorie 112％, protein 123％, calcium 78％, phosphorus 137％, iron 68％, vitamin A 101％, vitamin $B_1$ 141％, vitamin $B_2$ 95％, niacin 107％, vitamin C 128％ and zinc 120％. The ratio of calcium to phosphorus(Ca/P) is 0.66, low compared to RDA, but phosphorus intake is so high compared to RDA that precautions should be taken. The ratio of calcium to protein(Ca/Protein) is 8.55. 4. Menarche age and bone mineral density of calcaneus showed positive correlation and body mass index(BMI) indicated positive correlation. Age, height, weight. WHR and physical activity coefficient all do not indicate any significant correlation with bone mineral density. 5. Intake of Calorie, Ca, Ca/p ratio, carbohydrate and fat intake were positively correlated and, protein was negatively correlated, and Fe, Na, P and cholesterol were negatively correlated with BMD. These results indicate that average bone mineral density of subjects was in normal range, but subjects in the stage of osteopenia-low bone mass are many and bad effects are expected to have on their bone mineral density after menopause. Therefore, in order reach maximal bone mineral density, they should improve the balance between calcium and phosphorus and reduce salt intake. And it is thought that education and profound studies on relevant factors affecting the genesis of bone mineral density should be made.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.53-68
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• 1988

This article concerned with the nutritional status and the taste of the lunch box of 311 middle school girls in Kwangju City from May 18 to June 12 in 1987. The purpose of this research was making materials to show direction of the education about nutrition by checking relationships among the nutritional status for the lunch box, the taste of food and the environmental factors. The results observed in the study were as follows: 1. The intake of nutrition from the lunch box and the ratio between the recommended dietary allowance and the contained nutrients in the lunch box as follows. Calorie(603 Kcal, 78.6%), protein (21.7g, 93.1%) Animal protein (10.3g, 132.1%) calcium (151.7 g, 56.9%) Ferrum 93.1 mg, 51.7%), Vitamin a (129.3 RE, 55.4%) Vitamin B1 (0.29 mg, 72.5%), Vitamin B (0.26 mg, 55.3%) Niacin (4.7 mg, 94.0%), Vitamin C 913.2 mg, 79.0%). Except animal protein, all the recommended dietary allowance. 2. According to the intake of calorie, the ratio of taken carbohydrate, protein and fat was 77.7 : 15.5 : 6.8. The intake of protein was desirable but most of calorie depended on carbohydrate. Among the total intake of protein, the ratio of animal protein was 47.5%, which was a high rate. 3. Most of calorie (75%), was taken from staples, protein (41.5%), vitamin B1 (48.3%) were taken at the same rate from staples and side dishes. Most of fat, calcium, ferrum, vitamin A, vitamin B, and vitamin C, was taken from side dishes. 4. In taking among the five basic food groups, proportion of the grain fourth food group was the highest, light color vegetable the third food groups, proportion of the grain fourth food group was the highest, light color vegetable the third food group was second, and Calcium food the second food group was the lowest. 5. As the staples, students liked tchajangmyon, mandu and ttokkuk as written order. They disliked Kongbap and Patpap. As the side dishes for the lunch box, they liked kimchi, ham, sausage, cuttlefish, dried slices of filefish, eggs and green seaweed as written order. As a side dishes they liked Laver, Cucumber, Squid, lettuce, Potatoes. They disliked pork fat, cow's intestines, cow's liver, Crussian carp, pickled fish. The favorite snack was fruits, ice cream, hamburger, Chocolate and milk. 6. In taking condition of the principal food, rice rate (65.6%) was the most, and mixed food was 5 or 10%. 7. Favorite cooking was frying, roasting and kimch. But disagreeable cooking was pickling. 8. Favorite food was what was pungent but disagreeable food was what was salty. 9. the higher parents educational background was, the higher their income was. Also the more various the information about the nutrition was, the better the intake of nutrition was. 10. The preference tendency influenced in choosing the side dish of the Lunch box. The higher the preference tendency of the girl students became, the better their nutrition condition became.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.183-185
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• 1969

Following the previous report (Part I: For Sea-divers and Hwa-Jeon-Min) authers have conducted another nutrition survey for Buddhists (male and female) in a temple 'Soo Duk Sa' locating in ChungNam province. The following results were obtained: 1. Cereals, green vegetables and potatoes were staple foods for the Buddhists (male and female) and no any animal foods were eaten by them during the survey period. 2. Carbohydrate intake was very high and the calorie derived from it occupied approximately 80% of tatal calorie intaken. 3. All the nutrients except carotene, niacin and iron are low in their amounts of intake. Especially, protein and riboflavin intakes are low. 4. Buddhists are prohibited to eat animal foods. Therefore, nutrition education and guidance are needed for them to supplement the protein and some other problems.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.299-304
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• 1996

The objective of this study was to investigate important factors affecting food choice, specific dietary changes over past few years and to find out consumer opinions concerning the use of yogurt and oligosaccharides. Results of this study showed that three most important factors in food selection were taste (52.5%), nutrition (23.4%) and safety (15.8%). Three most important nutritive factors were protein (26.3%), calorie (19.2%) and vitamin (13.8%). Specific dietary changes of the respondent over past few years didn't affect meat intake, but increased vegetable and fruit intakes. Majority of the respondent (52.3%) ate yogurt more than 3 times per week and 35.6% of them ate $3{\sim}4$ times per month. Reasons for intake of oligosaccharides were as follows; low calorie (40.8%), sweetener (28.3%)and bifidogenic factor (25.0%). The respondent regarded that yogurt had more preventive effect of disease than that of oligosaccharide.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.15-26
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• 1975

제주도내 중학교 2학년 여학생 418명에게 일반적인 환경실태, 영양섭취 실태를 조사하고 성장발육과의 관계를 요약해 보면 다음과 같다. A. 조사대상자의 일반 실태 1. 형제의 수는 대부분이 $5{\sim}6$명이었다. 2. 유아기에는 90%가 모유로 양육되었으며 이유는 $7{\sim}12$개월이 20.9%이고 $13{\sim}24$개월이 45%였다. 3. 식사시간이 불규칙한 학생은 45.7%이며 불규칙한 이유는 식욕부족과 시간부족이 각각 42.9%, 31.9%였다. 4. 1년을 기준해서 병으로 결석하는 일수는 $2{\sim}5$일이 52%였다. 5. 기호 실태에 있어서는 주식으로는 잡곡밥이 45%, 식빵이 30.6%, 국수는 26.3%가 즐기고 40.7%나 흰밥을 제일 싫어하고 있다. 부식으로는 계란, 쇠고기, 닭고기, 김치류를 좋아하고 버터, 돼지고기, 나물류를 싫어한다. 간식은 아이스크림, 우유, 과일, 과즙, 빵 등을 좋아하고 호콩 등을 좋아하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. B. 영양섭취 실태 1. 열량섭취 평균은 1,738Ca1, 총 섭취열량에 대한 탄수화물의 비율은 73%, 단백질이 15%, 지방이 12% 로 나타났다. 2. 열량 및 모든 영양소가 권장량에 미달이나 vitamin A. $B_{1}$. Niacin 등은 권장량에 달하고 있다. 3. 단백질이 1일(日) 평균 섭취량은 68g 으로서 권장량 75g에 가깝다. 총 단백질에 대한 동물성 단백질이 비율은 36%로 나타났다. 4. 총식품 섭취량에 있어서 동물성 식품이 평균섭취 비율은 14%, 곡류가 63%를 차지하고 있다. C. 영양 섭취실태, 성장발육, 지능과의 상호관계 1. 열량 섭취량과 성장발육은 상호 의의(意義)있는 결과가 나타났다. 2. 단백질 섭취량과 성장발육도 상호관계가 의의(意義)있는 결과가 나타났다. 3. 열량과 단백질 섭취와 지능과의 상호관계는 의미가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 이같은 상호 관계의 결과를 보면 영양과 성장발육은 직접적인 관계가 있다고 지적되고 반면 영양과 지능과의 관계는 간접적인 영향이 있을 뿐이라고 결론을 내릴 수 있다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.433-439
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• 1991

본 연구는 안동지역 농촌주부 222명을 대상으로 영양소 및 식품섭취 실태를 조사하였고, 영양소 섭취 실태에 영향을 미치는 요인들의 상호관련성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 조사대상자들의 연령분포는 45~49세가 29.3%로 가장 높은 비율이었고, 평균 연령은 44세였다. 경제수준은 종류가 44.1%로 가장 많았으며, 교육수준은 국민학교 졸업이 37.4%로 가장 많았다. 1일 1인 총식품섭취량은 113g이었으며, 식품군별 섭취량을 보면 곡류가 35.0%로 가장 높았다. 동물성 식품은 전체 식품섭취량중에서 11.6%였고, 동물성 단백질 식품은 총단백질 섭취량의 40.4%로 나타났다. 영양소 섭취 상태는 모든 영양소가 권장량을 충족시켰으며, 특히 단백질 섭취에 있어서 동물성 식품에서 40.4%의 높은 섭취율을 보였다. Beaton의 방법에 의한 영향결핍 가능성은 열량이 19.8%, 단백질이 10%, 칼슘이 14%, 및 철이 25.2%였다. 단백질의 섭취와 소득수준 및 식비와는 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 주부의 교육수준(X)와 열량섭취량(Y)과의 회귀분석에서 Y=1890.9+25.14X($r^{2}=21.7$), 그리고 소득수준(X)와 단백질 섭취량(Y)과의 회귀분석에서는 Y=40.6+0.63X($r^{2}=27.6$)을 보여주었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.507-515
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• 1999

A survey was carried out to investigate relation between stress and nutrient intake in adults. There was a positive correlation between stress and food intake in adults statistically. It seems that women was significantly influenced by physical, psychological and nuerosensational stress than men(p<0.05). The average calorie intake of men was 1721.25Kcal(68.85% of RDA), the women was 1568.79kcal(78.44% of RDA). Intake of protein, calcuim, Vit $B_1$, Vit $B_2$, Niacin were quite less than the RDA in men, wherase intake of calcuim, iron, Vit $B_1$ were quite less than the RDA in women. In changes of nutrient intake by stress, men was increased as higher stress amount, but women was decreased as higher stress amount(p<0.05). It was lower level of nutrient intake in the below 60 scores of food attitude group that was needed improve of food intake and counseling of professional nutritionist.