• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2015

장대교량의 공사비에서 대형 해상기초가 차지하는 비중은 약 40% 수준이다(KICTEP, 2007). 본 연구에서는 가상의 초장대 사장교에서 대수심 대형 복합기초에 대하여 3가지 설계법(허용응력 설계, LRFD 설계, 유로코드 설계)으로 설계검토를 실시하였고, 3차원 유한요소 해석을 통하여 대구경 현장타설말뚝의 거동에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 그 결과, 허용응력 설계에서 추정한 방법이 연암 소켓길이가 가장 길었다. LRFD와 유로코드 설계법 2에 의해 계산된 연암소켓 길이는 유사하였다. 대구경 현장타설말뚝의 연암소켓길이가 길어짐에 따라 대구경 현장타설말뚝 두부에 작용하는 축력은 작아졌으며 현장타설말뚝의 침하량도 작아졌다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.701-718
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• 2015

The joint distribution of wind speed and wind direction at a bridge site is vital to the estimation of the basic wind speed, and hence to the wind-induced vibration analysis of long-span bridges. Instead of the conventional way relying on the weather stations, this study proposed an alternate approach to obtain the original records of wind speed and the corresponding directions based on field measurement supported by the Structural Health Monitoring System (SHMS). Specifically, SHMS of Sutong Cable-stayed Bridge (SCB) is utilized to study the basic wind speed with directional information. Four anemometers are installed in the SHMS of SCB: upstream and downstream of the main deck center, top of the north and south tower respectively. Using the recorded wind data from SHMS, the joint distribution of wind speed and direction is investigated based on statistical methods, and then the basic wind speeds in 10-year and 100-year recurrence intervals at these four key positions are calculated. Analytical results verify the reliability of the recorded wind data from SHMS, and indicate that the joint probability model for the extreme wind speed at SCB site fits well with the Weibull model. It is shown that the calculated basic wind speed is reduced by considering the influence of wind direction. Compared to the design basic wind speed in the Specification of China, basic wind speed considering the influence of direction or not is much smaller, indicating a high safety coefficient in the design of SCB. The results obtained in this study can provide not only references for further wind-resistance research of SCB, but also improve the understanding of the safety coefficient for wind-resistance design of other engineering structures in the similar area.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.35-50
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• 2008

Wind and temperature have been shown to be the critical sources causing changes in the modal properties of large-scale bridges. While the individual effects of wind and temperature on modal variability have been widely studied, the investigation about the effects of multiple environmental factors on structural modal properties was scarcely reported. This paper addresses the modeling of the simultaneous effects of wind and temperature on the modal frequencies of an instrumented cable-stayed bridge. Making use of the long-term monitoring data from anemometers, temperature sensors and accelerometers, a neural network model is formulated to correlate the modal frequency of each vibration mode with wind speed and temperature simultaneously. Research efforts have been made on enhancing the prediction capability of the neural network model through optimal selection of the number of hidden nodes and an analysis of relative strength of effect (RSE) for input reconstruction. The generalization performance of the formulated model is verified with a set of new testing data that have not been used in formulating the model. It is shown that using the significant components of wind speeds and temperatures rather than the whole measurement components as input to neural network can enhance the prediction capability. For the fundamental mode of the bridge investigated, wind and temperature together apply an overall negative action on the modal frequency, and the change in wind condition contributes less to the modal variability than the change in temperature.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.619-632
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• 2022

There are numerous structural details (Longitudinal beam, web plate, U-ribs and I-ribs) in the top and bottom plates of steel box girders, which have significant influences on the longitudinal stress (normal stress) distribution. Clarifying the influence of these structural details on the normal stress distribution is important. In this paper, the ultra-wide steel box girder with large cantilevers of the Jinhai Bridge in China, which is the widest cable-stayed bridge in the world, has been analyzed. A 1:4.5 scale laboratory model of the steel box girder has been manufactured, and the influence of structural details on the normal stress distribution in the top and bottom plates for four different load cases has been analyzed in detail. Furthermore, a three-dimensional finite element model has been established to further investigate the influence regularity of structural details on the normal stress. The experimental and finite element analysis (FEA) results have shown that different structural details of the top and bottom plates have varying effects on the normal stress distribution. Notably, the U-ribs and I-ribs of the top and bottom plates introduce periodicity to the normal stress distribution. The period of the influence of U-ribs on the normal stress distribution is the sum of the single U-rib width and the U-rib spacing, and that of the influence of I-ribs on the normal stress distribution is equal to the spacing of the I-ribs. Furthermore, the same structural details but located at different positions, will have a different effect on the normal stress distribution.

• 한국재난관리표준학회지
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2008

프리스트레스트 콘크리트 사장교는 재료의 특성상 크리프 및 건조수축 등에 의한 장기거동의 영향을 크게 받는다. 이 연구에서는 콘크리트 구조물의 장기거동 예측에 일반적으로 이용되는 CEB-FIP모델과 ACI 모델을 예제 교량에 적용하여 상대습도의 변화에 따른 영향을 알아보았다. 주형 모멘트의 경우 CEB-FIP 모델이 ACI 모델보다 상대습도 변화에 대해 더 큰 영향을 받으며 영향도도 경우에 따라서는 무시할 수 없을 것으로 나타났다. 또한 동일 조건에서도 두 모델간 장기거동이 일부 단면에서는 비교적 크게 차이가 났다. 따라서, 장기거동에 대한 수치해석 결과는 재료시험과 예측모텔간의 영향 인자들에 대 한 민감도 분석을 거친 후에 보완하여 적용할 필요가 있다고 본다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권3A호
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• pp.485-496
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• 2006

시스템 탄성/비탄성 좌굴 고유치해석과 2차 탄성해석을 이용한 사장교 주요부재의 개선된 좌굴설계법을 제안하고, 사장교 설계예제를 통하여 활하중의 영향을 고려한 주형 및 주탑의 유효좌굴길이를 산정하여 이것이 좌굴 안정성에 미치는 영향을 조사한다. 이를 위하여 먼저 초기형상해석법(김 등, 2003)을 이용하여 사장교의 초기치를 결정한다. 이때 케이블 장력을 포함하는 사장교의 주형 및 주탑의 축력에 의한 좌굴해석을 통하여 유효좌굴길이를 산정한다. 그리고 활하중효과가 최대가 되는 하중조합에 대하여 2차 탄성해석법으로 P-Delta 효과를 고려한 휨모멘트를 산정한다. 마지막으로 설계예제를 통하여 현행안정성 검토식과 본 연구에서 제시하는 개선된 안정성 검토식(안)을 비교, 분석한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.246-252
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• 2020

국내외적으로 케이블지지 교량에서 케이블의 착설 및 잔설 등이 낙설됨에 따라 안전사고가 발생하고 있다. 낙설에 의한 직접적인 피해뿐만 아니라 교통사고 등 추가적인 2차 피해가 발생하고 있어, 이에 대한 대책 마련이 필요하다. 이를 예방하기 위한 다양한 방안들이 제시되고 있지만, 안전성과 실용성에서는 여전히 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 방법 중 능동적인 잔설 제거 방법 중 하나인 케이블 로봇을 활용하고자 하였고, 잔설 제거의 효율을 높이기 위하여 로봇의 등반 능력을 높이는 다양한 방법이 적용되었다. 교량 케이블의 다양한 직경에 적용할 수 있도록 로봇의 가용 범위를 유동적으로 조절할 수 있게 하였다. 또한, 케이블 잔설 제거 로봇의 활용성을 높이기 위하여 케이블의 표면 상태를 실시간으로 점검할 수 있도록 고해상도 카메라를 설치하고, 장력 측정을 위하여 3축 가속도계와 장력 변환 알고리즘을 추가하여 잔설제거 뿐만 아니라 겨울철 이외에도 케이블 점검 로봇으로 활용될 수 있도록 개발하였다. 성능 검증을 위하여 실내 및 현장 실험을 수행하였고, 향후 점검 로봇에 대한 개선사항에서 대해서도 제안 하였다.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.331-350
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• 2017

Based on the alternative stabilization diagram by varying the time lag parameter in the stochastic subspace identification analysis, this study aims to investigate the measurements from several cases of civil structures for extending the applicability of a recently noticed criterion to ensure stable identification results. Such a criterion demands the time lag parameter to be no less than a critical threshold determined by the ratio of the sampling rate to the fundamental system frequency and is firstly validated for its applications with single measurements from stay cables, bridge decks, and buildings. As for multiple measurements, it is found that the predicted threshold works well for the cases of stay cables and buildings, but makes an evident overestimation for the case of bridge decks. This discrepancy is further explained by the fact that the deck vibrations are induced by multiple excitations independently coming from the passing traffic. The cable vibration signals covering the sensor locations close to both the deck and pylon ends of a cable-stayed bridge provide convincing evidences to testify this important discovery.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.551-561
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• 2006

Incheon bridge project is to construct total 12km long bridges on the sea consist of 800m span length cable stayed bridge, approach bridge and viaduct bridge based on LRFD design specification. To design pile foundations by RCD of each bridge unit, total 4 number of preliminary full scale pile load tests with Osterberg cell method were carried out on the piles for testing. The test load was planned to more than the expected design ultimate capacity and about 29,000tons maximum load was recorded. From the interpretation of test results, design parameters are evaluated and applied to the design. Preliminary pile load test plan and detailed execution of pile load tests are introduced and summarized. The resistance factors are presented for pile design of Incheon Bridge Project in LRFD considering variation of ground conditions and number of test piles.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.179-192
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• 2008

In a wind tunnel experiment employing a reduced scale model, Reynolds number (Re) can hardly be respected. Its effects on the aerodynamics of closed-box bridge decks have been the subject of research in recent years. Stonecutters Bridge in Hong Kong is a cable-stayed bridge having an unprecedented central span of 1018m. The issue of Re sensitivity was raised early in the design phase of the deck of Stonecutters Bridge. The objective of this study is to summarise the results of various wind tunnel experiments in order to demonstrate the effect of Re on the steady state aerodynamic force coefficients. The results may provide an insight on the choice of scale for section model experiments in bridge design projects. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of forces on bridge deck section was also carried out to see how CFD results are compared with experimental results.