• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.385-400
• /
• 2008

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Soyumjungjang-tang(SJT) on the experimental ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) in mice. Methods : Ulcerative colitis was induced through supplying 4% DSS solution as the drinking water for 7 days in 6-week-old male ICR mice. The colitic mice were divided into three groups: the sample groups were orally administered SJT in doses of 25mg/kg(S25 group) or 100mg/kg(S100 group) once a day for 10 days, from 3 days before starting drinking the DSS solution, and the control(C) group was administered normal saline instead of SJT. The DSS solution or SJT was not administered to the normal(N) group. The length of colon, histologic finding, the activities of myeloperoxidase(MPO) and alkaline phosphatase(AP), and the expressions of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, COX-2, $NF-{\kappa}B$, and $I{\kappa}B$ in colonic mucosa was checked using immunoblot, ELISA, etc. The activities of chondroitinase, tryptophanase, ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ and ${\beta}-glucosidase$ in stool were also measured. Results : The length of colon shortened, histologic finding deteriorated, the activities of MPO, AP, chondroitinase, tryptophanase, ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ and ${\beta}-glucosidase$, and the expressions of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, COX-2, $NF-{\kappa}B$ increased, and the expression of $I{\kappa}B$ decreased in the C group. All measures, except $NF-{\kappa}B$, were restored in S25 group, but some measures deteriorated more in the S100 group than in the C group. Conclusions : According to the above results, it is supposed that SJT has a potential therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.259-267
• /
• 2011

This study was undertaken to produce a $F_{ab}$ fragment of a human monoclonal antibody reactive to oxidized and carbamylated low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL and cLDL) using phage display technology. An analysis of DNA sequences of this $F_{ab}$, termed plaque 15,16-46 $F_{ab}$, revealed that the rearranged $V_H$ was highly mutated. Complementarity-determining regions of the $V_H$ showed a very high R/S ratio and contained many positively charged amino acids. In direct binding and competitive ELISA, the $F_{ab}$ reacted strongly with both MDA-LDL and Cu-oxLDL forms of oxLDL, and also showed high affinity for cLDL. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical analyses showed that this $F_{ab}$ positively stained atherosclerotic aortic plaques in $ApoE^{-/-}$ mice as well as those in patients with atherosclerosis. The $F_{ab}$ also showed positive staining in placental decidua from patients with preeclampsia. It is suggested that the plaque 15,16-46 $F_{ab}$ against oxLDL and cLDL might possibly be applicable for developing a diagnostic reagent for both human and rodent animal research to detect and characterize atherosclerotic disease progression in atherosclerotic lesions as well as exploring the pathogenesis of atherogenic diseases such as preeclampsia.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.611-625
• /
• 2000

For the improvement of quality control of laboratory mouse, we investigated the environmental condition, histopathological findings and serological test using ELISA to mouse hepatitis virus(MHV), Mycoplasma pulmonis(MP), Clostridium piliforme(TZ) and Sendai virus (HVJ) of ICR, C57BL/6, CBA and C3H/He mice that were supplied from conventional laboratory animal facility. 1. The ammonia concentration of facility was below the recommended concentration, 15ppm, by the KNIH, and the room temperature($21{\sim}23^{\circ}C$) and relative humidity(40~60%) was optimum range recommend by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, respectively. 2. The incidence rate of inapparent disease was 86.6% and the major findings in the liver were vacuolar degeneration with nucleic pleomorphism. The lung was shown the thickening of alveolar wall and interstitial pneumonia with congestion. The kidney and spleen were observed the mild congestion and extramedullary hematopoiesis, respectively. 3. The positive reaction rates against MHV and MP in serological test was 97.9% and 37.5%, respectively but HVJ and TZ were negative. These results suggest that laboratory mice could be infected with MHV and MP under conventional environments. Therefore we recommend to select thoroughly inapparent infected mice and to convert conventional system into SPF facility as soon as possible.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.179-191
• /
• 2009

Background: The present study examines a hypothesis that short allergen-derived peptides may shift an Aspergillus fumigatus (Afu-) specific TH2 response towards a protective TH1. Five overlapping peptides (P1-P5) derived from Asp f1, a major allergen/antigen of Afu, were evaluated for prophylactic or therapeutic efficacy in BALB/c mice. Methods: To evaluate the prophylactic efficacy, peptides were intranasally administered to naive mice and challenged with Afu-allergens/antigens. For evaluation of therapeutic efficacy, the mice were sensitized with Afu-allergens/antigens followed by intranasal administration of peptides. The groups were compared for the levels of Afu-specific antibodies in sera and splenic cytokines evaluated by ELISA. Eosinophil peroxidase activity was examined in the lung cell suspensions and lung inflammation was assessed by histopathogy. Results: Peptides P1-, P2- and P3 decreased Afu-specific IgE (84.5~98.9%) and IgG antibodies (45.7~71.6%) in comparison with Afu-sensitized mice prophylactically. P1- and P2-treated ABPA mice showed decline in Afu-specific IgE (76.4~88%) and IgG antibodies (15~54%). Increased IgG2a/IgG1 and IFN-${\gamma}$/IL-4 ratios were observed. P1-P3 prophylactically and P1 therapeutically decreased IL-5 levels and eosinophil peroxidase activity. P1 decreased inflammatory cells' infiltration in lung tissue comparable to non-challenged control. Conclusion: Asp f1-derived peptide P1, prophylactically and therapeutically administered to Balb/c mice, is effective in regulating allergic response to allergens/antigens of Afu, and may be explored for immunotherapy of allergic aspergillosis in humans.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.272-278
• /
• 2006

Purpose: This study is designed to evaluate biocompatibility of three types of absorbable collagen GBR membrane in vitro. Material and Method: The human PDL fibroblasts culture was obtained through typical way and the cells used in the experiment was forth passage. The membranes examined were Experimental group A, B, C. All the 3-experimental groups were made of bovine pericardium and the membranes were excised into 5$\times$5mm respectively. The samples of the membranes were fixed on the 24-well plate with the double-sided adhesive tape. Then, 2ml of cell suspension which included $2{\times}10^4$cells was inoculated into the 24-well plate, and the cells were cultured for 1 week. Cellular viability and the alkaline phosphatase activity were measured with ELISA. The membranes in the culture were processed to examine with SEM. Results: The survival rate was highest in control and Experimental group A is the next, group B and group C in order of the value. The values are analyzed for statistical difference using Wilcoxon test. All the values of experimental groups are significantly lower than those of control, and the vaules among the experimental groups significantly differ from each other. Alkaline phosphatase level was identical order with the viable cell rate. SEM examination revealed that the PDL fibroblasts adherent on culture dish (control) and group A were spindle-shaped, but on group B and C, the cells were round-shaped without processes.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.182-190
• /
• 2006

Objective : Based on immunological mechanisms, this study examined whether subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of Clematis mandshurica Maxim. water extract (CMA) has anti-inflammatory effects, and its effect on $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-1 and IL-10 release from synoviocytes on adjuvant arthritis (AA) in the rat. Methods : Complete Freund's adjuvant was used to induce AA in rats. Synoviocytes were separated by the method of collagenase and DNase digestion Synoviocytes proliferation was assayed by 3-(4, 5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-1 and interleukin-10 (IL-10) production of synoviocytes was measured with ELISA. The expression of IL-10 mRNA of synoviocytes was determined using RT PCR. Results : There were significant secondary inflammatory reactions in AA rats, accompanied by the decrease of body and immune organs weight simultaneously. Synoviocytes proliferation of AA rats significantly increased, and the levels of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-1 in supernatants of synoviocytes in AA rats were also elevated compared with the sham group. The administration of CMA (2, 5, 10 mg/kg, s.c.) reduced the above changes significantly. In contrast to $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-1, IL-10 production and the level of its mRNA of synoviocytes in AA rats apparently decreased. CMA (2, 5, 10 mg/kg, s.c.) markedly increased IL-10 in synoviocytes at protein and transcription level. Conclusion : The results indicate that CMA has a beneficial effect on rat AA due to modulating inflammatory cytokine production of synoviocytes, which play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of this disease.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.235-240
• /
• 2014

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the most important viral diseases in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), and several genes for resistance were reported in Capsicum spp. In Korea, a single dominant gene that is resistant to $CMV_{Fny}$ and $CMV_{P0}$ has been used for breeding. Recently, a new strain ($CMV_{P1}$) was reported that could infect cultivars resistant to both $CMV_{Fny}$ and $CMV_{P0}$. Therefore, breeding of more robust CMV-resistant cultivars is required. In this study, we surveyed the inheritance of $CMV_{P1}$ resistance and analyzed the location of the resistance loci. After $CMV_{P1}$ inoculation of various germplasms and breeding lines, one accession (ICPN18-8) showed no visual symptoms at 15 dpi (days post inoculation) but was susceptible after 45 dpi, and one resistant line (I7339) showed resistance until at 45 dpi. The latter line was used for tests of resistance inheritance. A total of 189 $F_2$ plants were examined, with 42 individuals showing resistance at 15 dpi and a phenotype segregation ratio close to 1:3 (resistant:susceptible plants). In a lateral ELISA test at 45 dpi, 11 plants showed resistance, and the segregation ratio was changed to 1:15. These results indicate that resistance in C. annuum 'I7339' is controlled by two different recessive genes; we named these resistance genes 'cmr3E' and 'cmr3L,' respectively. To locate these two resistant loci in the pepper linkage map, various RAPD, SSR, and STS markers were screened; only nine markers were grouped into one linkage group (LG). Only one RAPD primer (OPAT16) was distantly linked with cmr3E (22.3 cM) and cmr3L (20.7 cM). To develop more accurate markers for marker-assisted breeding, enriching for molecular markers spanning two loci will be required.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 1986

Cytochrome P-450(CP-450) is one of the three components of the liver microsomal enzyme system which hydroxylates fatty acids, hydrocarbons and a variety of drugs and other foreign compounds. Female Balb/c mice were immunized with purified polychlorinated bipheny(PCB)-induced CP-450 LMII. The spleen cells derived from immunized mice were fused with $SP^2$ myeloma cells using polyethylene glycol(PEG 3500). The hybrid cells were selected by hypoxanthine-aminopterine and thymidine(HAT) medium and the culture fluid were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to CP450 LMII. The hybrid cess(${\times}10^7$) were innoculated into intraperitoneal cavity of Balb/c mice for the purpose of production of ascitic fluids. Monoclonal antibody(Mab) was purified from ascitic fluid by DEAE cellulose ion exchange chromatography and $I^{125}$-labeled Mab was also confirmed by autoradiography and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (MW : 55,000 and 110,000).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.11
• /
• pp.4977-4982
• /
• 2016

Introduction: Elevated serum interleukin (IL) 6 has been reported in patients infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), but it remains debatable whether this influences the production of autoantibodies and the biochemical profile of HCV disease. Therefore, this current study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between IL-6 and circulating autoantibody levels in HCV positive patients. Methods: Levels of IL-6 in serum samples from 102 patients with HCV and 103 normal controls were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Autoantibodies were detected by immunofluorescence. Results: Levels of IL-6 were significantly higher (p=0.028) in patients infected with (HCV) compared with normal group. Autoantibodies were noted in in 43.1% of the patients; of these, 23.5% featured anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA+), 16.7% anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA+), 7.8% anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA+), 17.6% anti-parietal cell antibodies (APCA+), 7.8% anti canalicular antibodies, and 2.9% anti reticulin antibodies (ARA+). No patients were found to be positive for anti-brush border antibodies (ABBA) or anti-ribosomal antibodies. (ARiA). No links with IL-6 levels were apparent. Conclusions: IL-6 levels are increased in patients infected with HCV disease and could influence the production of autoantibodies. However, this study did not provide evidence of a specific relationship between IL6 and circulating autoantibodies in such cases.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.58 no.2
• /
• pp.101-106
• /
• 2015

Objective : The aim of this study was to explore the immunity in rats transplanted with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and acellular nerve (ACN) for repairing sciatic nerve defects. Methods : ADSCs were isolated from the adipose tissues of Wistar rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish a sciatic nerve defect model and then divided into four groups, according to the following methods : Group A, allogenic nerve graft; Group B, allograft with ACN; Group C, allograft ADSCs+ACN, and Group D, nerve autograft. Results : At the day before transplantation and 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after transplantation, orbital venous blood of the Sprague-Dawley rats in each group was collected to detect the proportion of $CD3^+$, $CD4^+$, and $CD8^+$ subsets using flow cytometry and to determine the serum concentration of interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) and $interferon-{\gamma}$ ($IFN-{\gamma}$) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). At each postoperative time point, the proportion of $CD3^+$, $CD4^+$, and $CD8^+$ subsets and the serum concentration of IL-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and $IFN-{\gamma}$ in group C were all near to those in group B and group D, in which no statistically significant difference was observed. As compared with group A, the proportion of $CD3^+$, $CD4^+$, and $CD8^+$ subsets and the serum concentration of IL-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and $IFN-{\gamma}$ were significantly reduced in group C (p<0.05). Conclusion : The artificial nerve established with ADSCs and ACN has no obvious allograft rejection for repairing rat nerve defects.