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The Significance of c-Met and Ki-67 Expression in the Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (두경부 편평세포암에서 c-Met 단백과 Ki-67 발현의 의의)

  • Kim, Jun;Do, Nam-Yong;Park, Jun-Hee;Choi, Ji-Yun;Lim, Sung-Chul
    • Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.39-46
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    • 2010
  • Background and Objectives Various tumor markers have been studied in an attempt to evaluate and decide the optimal treatment of the patients with head and neek squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A nuclear antigen Ki-67 is a proliferative marker of tumor cells in all phases of cell cycle except G0. c-met gene, the tyrosine kinase receptor for hepatocyte growth tactor, may play various roles in malignant transformation. The authors evaluated the prognostic significance of Ki-67 and c-Met in surgical specimens of HNSCC to determine the relationship with the various clinicopathological characteristics. Materials and Methods Formatin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical specimens were obtained from 54 patients with HNSCC. Ki-67 and c-Met expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemical staning and were compared with the clinicopathological characteristics such as, pathologic differentiation, tumor stage, clinical stage and lymph node metastasis. Results Ki-67 and c-Met over-expression was detected in 66.7% and 90.7% in HNSCC. There was positive correlation of increased expression of Ki-67 with tumor stage. and clinical stage, increased expression of e-Met with tumor stage, clinical stage, and nodal status. The expression of c-Met had a significant positive relationship with Ki-67 index (p<0.05). Conclusion Therefore, Ki-67 and c-Met are useful markers of tumor progression, aggressiveness and prognosis in HNSCC.

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Suppression of Protein Kinase C and Nuclear Oncogene Expression as Possible Action Mechanisms of Cancer Chemoprevention by Curcumin

  • Lin, Jen-Kun
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.27 no.7
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    • pp.683-692
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    • 2004
  • Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a major naturally-occurring polyphenol of Curcuma species, which is commonly used as a yellow coloring and flavoring agent in foods. Curcumin has shown anti-carcinogenic activity in animal models. Curcumin possesses anti-inflammatory activity and is a potent inhibitor of reactive oxygen-generating enzymes such as lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase, xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase; and an effective inducer of heme oxygenase-1. Curcumin is also a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C(PKC), EGF(Epidermal growth factor)-receptor tyrosine kinase and LĸB kinase. Subsequently, curcumin inhibits the activation of NF(nucleor factor)KB and the expressions of oncogenes including c-jun, c-fos, c-myc, NIK, MAPKs, ERK, ELK, PI3K, Akt, CDKs and iNOS. It is proposed that curcumin may suppress tumor promotion through blocking signal transduction path-ways in the target cells. The oxidant tumor promoter TPA activates PKC by reacting with zinc thiolates present within the regulatory domain, while the oxidized form of cancer chemopreventive agent such as curcumin can inactivate PKC by oxidizing the vicinal thiols present within the catalytic domain. Recent studies indicated that proteasome-mediated degradation of cell proteins playa pivotal role in the regulation of several basic cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, cell cycling, and apoptosis. It has been demonstrated that curcumin-induced apoptosis is mediated through the impairment of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Curcumin was first biotransformed to dihydrocurcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin and that these compounds subsequently were converted to monoglucuronide conjugates. These results suggest that curcumin-glucuronide, dihydrocurcumin-glucuronide, tetrahydrocurcumin-glucuronide and tetrahydrocurcumin are the major metabolites of curcumin in mice, rats and humans.

Effects of Different Dietary Cadmium Levels on Growth and Tissue Cadmium Content in Juvenile Parrotfish, Oplegnathus fasciatus

  • Okorie, Okorie E.;Bae, Jun Young;Lee, Jun-Ho;Lee, Seunghyung;Park, Gun-Hyun;Mohseni, Mahmoud;Bai, Sungchul C.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.62-68
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    • 2014
  • This feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of different dietary cadmium levels on growth and tissue cadmium content in juvenile parrotfish, Oplegnathus fasciatus, using cadmium chloride ($CdCl_2$) as the cadmium source. Fifteen fish averaging $5.5{\pm}0.06$ g (mean${\pm}$SD) were randomly distributed into each of twenty one rectangular fiber tanks of 30 L capacity. Each tank was then randomly assigned to one of three replicates of seven diets containing 0.30 ($C_0$), 21.0 ($C_{21}$), 40.7 ($C_{41}$), 83.5 ($C_{83}$), 162 ($C_{162}$), 1,387 ($C_{1,387}$) and 2,743 ($C_{2,743}$) mg cadmium/kg diet. At the end of sixteen weeks of feeding trial, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) of fish fed $C_{21}$ were significantly higher than those of fish fed $C_{83}$, $C_{162}$, $C_{1,387}$ and $C_{2,743}$ (p<0.05). Weight gain, SGR and FE of fish fed $C_0$, $C_{21}$ and $C_{41}$ were significantly higher than those of fish fed $C_{162}$, $C_{1,387}$ and $C_{2,743}$. Protein efficiency ratio of fish fed $C_0$, $C_{21}$ and $C_{41}$ were significantly higher than those of fish fed $C_{1,387}$ and $C_{2,743}$. Average survival of fish fed $C_0$, $C_{21}$, $C_{41}$ and $C_{162}$ were significantly higher than that of fish fed $C_{2,743}$. Tissue cadmium concentrations increased with cadmium content of diets. Cadmium accumulated the most in liver, followed by gill and then muscle. Muscle, gill and liver cadmium concentrations of fish fed $C_0$, $C_{21}$, $C_{41}$ and $C_{83}$ were significantly lower than those of fish fed $C_{162}$, $C_{1,387}$ and $C_{2,743}$. Based on the ANOVA results of growth performance and tissue cadmium concentrations the safe dietary cadmium level could be lower than 40.7 mg Cd/kg diet while the toxic level could be higher than 162 mg Cd/kg diet.