• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.359-362
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• 2016

In the PV (Photovoltaic) power system, a junction box collects the DC voltage generated from the PV module and transfers it to the PCS (power conditioning system). The junction box prevents damage caused by the voltage difference between the serially connected PV modules and provides convenience while repairing or inspecting the PV array. In addition, the junction box uses the diode to protect modules from the inverse current when the PV power system and electric power system are connected for use. However, by using the reverse blocking diode, heat is generated within the junction box while generating electric power, which decreases the generating efficiency, and causes short circuit and electric leakage. In this research, based on the purpose of improving the performance of the PV module by decreasing the heat generation within the junction box, a junction box with a built-in bypass circuit was designed/manufactured so that a certain capacity of current generated from the PV module does not run through the reverse blocking diode. The manufactured junction box was used to compare the electric power and heating power generated when the circuit was in the bypass/non-bypass modes. It was confirmed that the electric power loss and heat generation indicated a decrease when the circuit was in the bypass mode.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.67-80
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• 2017

The high-speed bypass effect on the heat exchanger performance has been investigated numerically. The plate-fin type heat exchanger was modeled using two-dimensional porous approximation for the fin region. Governing equations of mass, momentum, and energy equations for compressible turbulent flow were solved using ideal-gas assumption for the air flow. Various bypass-channel height were considered for Mach numbers ranging 0.25-0.65. Due to the existence of the fin in the bypass channel, the main flow tends to turn into the core region of the channel, which results in the distorted velocity profile downstream of the fin region. The boundary layer thickness, displacement thickness, and the momentum thickness showed the variation of mass flow through the fin region. The mass flow variation along the fin region was also shown for various bypass heights and Mach numbers. The volumetric entropy generation was used to assess the loss mechanism inside the bypass duct and the fin region. Finally, the correlations of the friction factor and the Colburn j-factor are summarized.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2013

Performance of DI diesel engine with high fuel injection method is directly related to its emission characteristics and fuel consumption. In this study, numerical model of 3rd generation piezo-driven injector was designed to analyze the hydraulic performance. Also the injection response characteristics was investigated by using the AMESim simulation code. From this study, it was shown that 3rd generation piezo-driven injector had a faster response and had better control capability due to its hydraulic bypass-circuit that has potential to higher hydraulic characteristics and improved accuracy of injected fuel quantity.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• 제3C권4호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2003

The AC power lines and signal lines of info-communication networks are routed on overhead poles and are highly exposed to lightning strikes. Due to the potential difference between grounding points of AC power lines and signal lines, the electronic equipments connected to the signal lines can easily be damaged by lightning surges. In this work, in order to develop reliable methods of protecting information and communication facilities from lightning surges, the reliability and performance of SPDs (surge protective devices) were experimentally investigated in an actual-sized test circuit. The behaviors of SPDs against lightning surges from AC power lines and signal lines and the coordinated effects of SPD installation methods were evaluated. As a consequence, it was confirmed that the bypass arrester methods and common grounding system are both highly effective.

• 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.694-699
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• 2014

이동 애드혹 네트워크는 별도의 인프라가 존재하지 않는 환경에서 이동성을 갖는 노드들이 망 토폴로지를 구성하기 때문에, 토폴로지와 이웃 노드들의 변화가 빈번히 일어난다. AODV는 이러한 환경에 유리한 라우팅 프로토콜이지만 경로 복구 과정 동안 데이터의 전송이 이루어지지 않아 전송 지연이 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 우회 경로를 생성하여 경로 복구 과정 중에 우회 경로를 통해 데이터 전송이 이루어져 전송 지연을 향상시키는 기법을 제안하였다. 우회 경로 생성을 위해 모든 노드는 자신의 위치 정보와 이동 방향 정보를 이웃 노드와 주고받는다. 또한 AODV의 경로 복구의 신속성과 우회 경로 생성 시 이웃 노드 정보의 정확성 향상을 위해 이웃 노드 예측을 통하여 헬로 패킷의 수신 역치를 조정하는 기법을 제안하였다. 실험을 통하여 제안 기법이 AODV보다 전송 지연 및 데이터 패킷 전송률 측면에서 향상된 성능을 보이는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.279-283
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• 2014

In this paper, we present an economical and practical standard to install a bypass diode in a thin-film PV module. This method helps to reduce heat generation and to prevent module degradation due to excess current from reverse bias. The experimental results confirm that for different numbers of solar cells, there is a relation between the excess reverse current and the degradation of solar cells in a-Si:H modules. The optimal number of solar cells that can be connected per bypass diode could be obtained through an analysis of the results to effectively suppress the degradation and to reduce the heat generated by the module. This technique could be expanded for use in high power crystalline Si PV modules.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.880-886
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• 2011

With the introduction of high-current 8-inch solar cells, conventional Schottky bypass diodes, usually adopted in photovoltaic (PV) panels to prevent the hot spot phenomenon, are becoming ineffective as they cause relatively high voltage drops with associated undue power consumption. In this paper, we present the architecture of an active circuit that reduces the aforementioned power dissipation by profitably replacing the bypass diode through a power MOS switch with its embedded driving circuitry. Experimental prototypes were fabricated and tested, showing that the proposed solution allows a reduction of the power dissipation by more than 70% compared to conventional Schottky diodes. The whole circuit does not require a dedicated DC power and is fully compatible with standard CMOS technologies. This enables its integration, even directly on the panel, thereby opening new scenarios for next generation PV systems.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2011년도 제37회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.842-849
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• 2011

Open Rotor 엔진은 차세대 항공기를 위한 잠재적 기술향상을 제공할 수 있는 여러 신기술중의 하나이다. Open Rotor 엔진은 일반적 고바이패스 터보팬 엔진보다 향상된 추진 저하율을 가지며 고바이패스비와 공기역학적 진보한 형상의 팬 블레이드 설계의 결합으로 우수한 연료소모율을 구현한다. Open Rotor 엔진 성능 모델은 F404 터보제트 엔진를 코어로 사용한 GE36 엔진의 설계 및 시험데이터를 기반으로 해석하였다. 시험데이터를 이용하여 Open Rotor 엔진 성능 모델을 검증하였으며 최신 차세대 터보프롭 엔진 성능과의 비교를 통하여 적절하게 구성되었음을 확인하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 2008

In this paper, an I-V characteristics of bypass diode has been studied by counting the shading effect in photovoltaic module. The shadow induces hot spot phenomenon in PV module due to the increase of resistance in the current path. Two different types of PV module with and without bypass diode were fabricated to expect maximum output power with an increasing shading rate of 5 % on the solar cell. Temperature distribution is also detected by shading the whole solar cell for the outdoor test. From the result, the bypass diode works properly over 60 % of shading per cell with constant output power. Maximum power generation in case of solar cell being totally shaded with bypass diode decreases 41.3 % compared with the one under STC(Standard Test Condition). On the other hand, the maximum output power of the module without bypass diode gradually decreases by showing hot spot phenomenon with the increase of shading ratio on the cell and finally indicates 95.5 % of power loss compared with the output under STC. Finally the module temperature measured increases around $10^{\circ}C$ higher than that under STC due to hot-spots which come from the condition without bypass diode. It has been therefore one of the main reasons for degrading the PV module and shortening the durability of the PV system.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.257-270
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• 2011

A set of reflood tests has been performed using ATLAS, which is a thermal-hydraulic integral effect test facility for the pressurized water reactors of APR1400 and OPR1000. Several important phenomena were observed during the ATLAS LBLOCA reflood tests, including core quenching, down-comer boiling, ECC bypass, and steam binding. The present paper discusses those four topics based on the LB-CL-11 test, which is a best-estimate simulation of the LBLOCA reflood phase for APR1400 using ATLAS. Both homogeneous bottom quenching and inhomogeneous top quenching were observed for a uniform radial power profile during the LB-CL-11 test. From the observation of the down-comer boiling phenomena during the LB-CL-11 test, it was found that the measured void fraction in the lower down-comer region was relatively smaller than that estimated from the RELAP5 code, which predicted an unrealistically higher void generation and magnified the downcomer boiling effect for APR1400. The direct ECC bypass was the dominant ECC bypass mechanism throughout the test even though sweep-out occurred during the earlier period. The ECC bypass fractions were between 0.2 and 0.6 during the later test period. The steam binding phenomena was observed, and its effect on the collapsed water levels of the core and down-comer was discussed.