• Title/Summary/Keyword: by-products of chicken

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The effect of citrus and onion peel extracts, calcium lactate, and phosvitin on microbial quality of seasoned chicken breast meat

  • Alahakoon, Amali U.;Bae, Young Sik;Kim, Hyun Joo;Jung, Samooel;Jayasena, Dinesh D.;Yong, Hae In;Kim, Sun Hyo;Jo, Cheorun
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.131-137
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    • 2013
  • The inhibitory effect of citrus peel extract, onion peel extract, calcium lactate and phosvitin on microbial growth was investigated in seasoned chicken breast meat during aerobic storage at $4^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. Citrus peel and onion peel extract significantly improved (p<0.05) the microbial quality of the sample by reducing the initial counts of the microbial flora compared to control and other two treatments. Data clearly revealed that the counts of the total aerobic bacteria significantly increased with the increase in storage temperature. The shelf life of all samples stored under $20^{\circ}C$ was less than 6 days, while the shelf life of citrus and onion treatment can be extended more than 9 days at $4^{\circ}C$ and more than 6 days at $10^{\circ}C$ in aerobic storage condition. These results indicated that citrus and onion peel extracts are efficient treatment methods to prevent microbial spoilage of seasoned chicken products during storage at $4^{\circ}C$. However, there was an adverse effect of addition of citrus and onion peel extract on several sensory attributes which need to be improved by reformulation of seasoning.

Evaluation of the $HApS^{TM}$ Method for the Enumeration of Aerobic Microorganisms and Coliforms in Retailed Meat Samples in Korea

  • Keun-Seok Seo;Wonki Bae;So-Hyun Kim;Nam-Hoon Kwon;Ji-Yeun Kim
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.194-199
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    • 2001
  • This study was designed to compare the effectiveness and applicability of the HApS$^{TM}$ (Hazard Analysis process System; HUKO, Seoul, Korea) based on Petrifilm$^{TM}$ (3M, St. Paul, MN, USA) with the AOAC (the Association of Official Analytical Chemists) standard total aerobic count (TAC) method and coliform count (CC) method for meat products. The comparisons were carried out using 230 meat samples collected from various retailers: 80 pork samples, 80 chicken samples, and 70 beef samples. In the comparison of the correlation coefficient (r) between conventional method and HApS$^{TM}$ method by a linear regression analysis, the correlation coefficients in total microorganism were 0.97767, 0.90712, and 0.95594 in pork, beef, and chicken samples, respectively. The correlation coefficients in coliform count were 0.82062, 0.94833, and 0.96839 in pork, beef and chicken samples, respectively. All the independent t-test on measurement values between conventional method and HApS$^{TM}$ method represented no significant differences in the means between two methods at the 0.05 of significance level($\alpha$=0.05). Based on the high correlation between HApS$^{TM}$ and the AOAC standard methods in the TAC and CC, it might be compatible to employ the HApS$^{TM}$ method to measure the microbial contamination in livestock products. HApS$^{TM}$ method was simpler and less time-consuming in sample preparation and procedures faster than the conventional method. These results suggested that the HApS$^{TM}$ method could be substitute for the conventional methods in the analysis of microbial contamination measurement in meat products.n meat products.

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Simultaneous Analysis and Survey for Contamination of Nivalenol, Deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin and Zearalenone in Feed (사료 중 Nivalenol, Deoxynivalenol, T-2 foxin과 Zearalenone의 동시분석과 오염도조사)

  • Kim, Dong-Ho;Kim, Hyun-Jung;Jang, Han-Sub;Kim, Yeong-Min;Choi, Heng-Bo;Ahn, Jong-Sung
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2011
  • Nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T-2) and zearalenone (ZEN) are mycotoxins produced by some Fusarium species known to be very frequently contaminated in feed. The study for simultaneous analysis and contamination survey in animal feed carried out. All mycotoxins were analysed by using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass with internal standard. The limits of detection (LOD) were $2.0\;{\mu}g/kg$, $1.0\;{\mu}g/kg$, $1.0\;{\mu}g/kg$ and $0.1\;{\mu}g/kg$ for NIV, DON, T-2 and ZEN, respectively. Two hundred and thirty nine samples of feed were collected. The average concentration of DON was $212.3\;{\mu}g/kg$, $207.8\;{\mu}g/kg$ and $812.1\;{\mu}g/kg$ in chicken, pig and cattle feed, respectively. The average concentration of ZEN was $31.2\;{\mu}g/kg$, $35.6\;{\mu}g/kg$ and $147.2\;{\mu}g/kg$ for them, respectively. Especially, the levels of contamination for DON and ZEN were higher than those of NIV or T-2. And, the levels of contamination for four Fusarium mycotoxins in cattle feed appeared higher than those of pig and chicken feed. It was investigated that the high level of mycotoxin contamination in cattle feed was caused by com gluten feed of ingredients for feed, mainly.

Effects of Spice Addition on the Inhibition of Bacterial Growth in Ground Chicken Meat (향신료 첨가에 의한 닭고기 분쇄육에서의 미생물 증식 억제 효과)

  • Seyun Jeong;Yong-Suk Kim
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.19-25
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    • 2023
  • Addition of spice for inhibition of bacterial growth in ground chicken meat was investigated. The ground chicken meat approximately contained 72.98±0.15% moisture, 23.37±0.46% crude protein, 1.00±0.03% crude fat, and 1.90±0.03% ashes. Addition of rosemary showed the maximum bacterial inhibition, followed by garlic and mustard. The inhibitory effect increased with the addition of a greater quantity of spices. The optimal added concentration of spices for inhibition of total viable cell and proliferation of Escherichia coli in ground chicken meat was 2%, 4%, and 1.2% for rosemary, garlic, and mustard, respectively. The growth inhibition of total viable cells and E. coli differed during storage period for MixA (97.4%) > rosemary (96.9%) > MixB (96.3%) > garlic (53.7%) > mustard (33.3%). The addition of sterilized garlic to ground chicken meat showed that the total viable cells was low at 2.6-3.0 log CFU/g on the 0-day and 2.4-3.2 log CFU/g on the 9-day, and the number decreased as the storage lengthened. Non-sterilized garlic treatment showed a higher number of total viable cells than the control group, and this increased with elapse of storage time. The number of E. coli, was low at 0.4-1.0 log CFU/g on the 0-day and 0.5-1.5 log CFU/g on the 9-day for the sterilized group, and the change during the storage showed a similar trend for the total viable cells. In conclusion, the microbial safety of ground chicken meat products was improved by various mixed applications of rosemary, garlic, and mustard.

Evaluating Choice Attributes of Korean Ginseng Chicken Soup as a Home Meal Replacement (HMR) Product Using Conjoint Analysis: A Case Study of Singapore Market (컨조인트 분석을 이용한 삼계탕 간편가정식의 선택속성 분석: 싱가포르 시장을 중심으로)

  • Kim, Eun-Mi;Ahn, Jee-Ahe;Lee, Ho-Jin;Lee, Min-A
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.32 no.5
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    • pp.609-618
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the attributes considered important by Singaporeans in the selection of Korean ginseng chicken soup as an HMR product using conjoint analysis techniques. Methods: A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed to local consumers in April 2012, of which 324 were completed (81.0%). Statistical analyses of data were performed using SPSS/Windows 18.0 for descriptive statistics and conjoint analysis. Results: Analysis of the attributes and levels of Korean ginseng chicken soup as an HMR product for people who lived in Singapore showed the relative importance of each attribute as follows: packing (32.4%), chicken (32.1%), glutinous rice (13.8%), soup (11.6%), and ginseng (10.0%). Results showed that Singaporean consumers preferred code J's Korean ginseng chicken soups as an HMR product, which consisted of half a chicken, glutinous rice, a whole ginseng root in a soy sauce-based soup, and a partially transparent package. The most preferred Korean ginseng chicken soup gained 50.4% potential market share from choice simulation when compared with the second preferred one. Conclusion: This study has significance in that such a practical research contributes to product development of a specific Korean dish for foreign consumers. In addition, the results of this study provide useful information for the food industry for global expansion and commercialization of Korean food, thereby providing an important foundation for future development of various Korean foods as HMR products.

Development of species-specific multiplex PCR assays of mitochondrial 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA for the identification of animal species (식육감별을 위한 미토콘드리아 12S rRNA와 16S rRNA 유전자의 종 특이적 multiplex PCR 기법 개발)

  • Koh, Ba-Ra-Da;Kim, Ji-Yeon;Na, Ho-Myung;Park, Seong-Do;Kim, Yong-Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.417-428
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    • 2011
  • Species-specific PCR assay was developed for detection of cattle, sheep, goat, horse, dog, pig, chicken, duck, goose, and turkey using mitochondrial 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA as target genes. Also, an internal positive control was used to detect possible false negatives by using 18S rRNA gene. We designed species-specific primers with amplicon length of 190, 219, 350, 467, 241, 119, 171, 229, 111 and 268 bp for cattle, sheep, goat, horse, dog, pig, chicken, duck, goose, and turkey respectively. The specificity of the primers was tested against the other 10 non-target animal species and a cross-reaction was not observed. We developed two multiplex PCR assays for the simultaneous identification of Korea's major livestock species (cattle, pig, chicken and duck) and poultry species (chicken, duck, goose and turkey) from analogous samples, retaining the same specificity. The limit of detection of the multiplex PCR assay (cattle, pig, chicken and duck) ranged between 1 pg and 0.1 pg of template DNA extracts from raw meat. Applying multiplex PCR assays to DNA extracts from experimental pork/beef and pork/chicken tested raw and heat-treated ($120^{\circ}C$ for 30 min) mixtures respectively, detection limit was 0.1% level beef in pork, pork in beef and chicken in pork and 1.0% level pork in chicken. In conclusion, this assay using gel-based capillary electrophoresis would be very useful in highly sensitive and rapid identification of animal species or ingredients in minced meat and other meat products.

Prevalence and Characterization of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Raw Chicken and Chilled Chicken in Korea (국내 유통중인 생닭 및 닭가공품에서 병원성 대장균의 분리 및 특성)

  • Cho, Yong-Sun;Lee, Da-Yeon;Kim, Hee-Eon;Lee, Myung-Ki;Lee, Joo-Young
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.129-134
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    • 2017
  • Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli is now recognized as an important cause of diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) worldwide. E. coli were isolated from 80 of 356 (22.5%) chicken and chilled chicken products in Korea. Fifteen virulence genes specific for pathogenic E. coli, including Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), were examined by multiplex PCR. STEC virulence markers were detected for eaeA (20.0%), escV (21.3%), stx1 (3.8%), ent (2.5%), EHEC-hly (1.3%), stx2 (1.3%), EAEC virulence marker (astA) was detected in 32.5%. ETEC and EIEC were not detected. STEC serotypes O152, O1, O116, O26, O25, O119 and O153 were found in chicken samples. This suggests the importance of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli control in raw chicken and chilled chicken food for food safety.

Monitoring Heavy Metals in Meat and Meat Products (식육 및 그 가공품의 중금속 모니터링)

  • Hwang, Tae-Ik;Ahn, Tae-Hyun;Kim, Eun-Jung;Lee, Jung-Ah;Kang, Myoung-Hee;Jang, Young-Mi;Kim, Mee-Hye
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.43 no.5
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    • pp.525-531
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    • 2011
  • This study was conducted to examine the contents of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) in meat and meat products in Korea. The contents of Pb, Cd, As, and Hg in 466 samples of beef, pork, chicken, duck, ham, and sausage were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or a mercury analyzer. Wet ashing and microwave method were compared, and the recovery and reproducibility of the microwave method were better than those of wet ashing for meat and meat products. The recovery of the microwave method was 98.1% for Pb, 104.6% for Cd, and 103.4% for As, respectively. The best result was obtained through digestion using an acid mixture ($HNO_3$/$H_2O_2$, 6:2). Hg content was measured using a mercury analyzer. As a result, the contents of Hg and Cd in samples were lower than those of Pb and As. The average contents of Pb were 0.009 mg/kg in beef, 0.010 mg/kg in pork, 0.006 mg/kg in chicken, 0.007 mg/kg in duck, 0.005 mg/kg in ham, and 0.009 mg/kg in sausage. The average Cd contents were 0.0004 mg/kg in beef, 0.0004 mg/kg in pork, 0.0005 mg/kg in chicken, 0.0012 mg/kg in duck, 0.0015 mg/kg in ham, and 0.0019 mg/kg in sausage. The average As contents were 0.016 mg/kg in beef, 0.004 mg/kg in pork, 0.021 mg/kg in chicken, 0.010 mg/kg in duck, 0.014 mg/kg in ham, and 0.018 mg/kg in sausage. The average Hg contents were 0.713 ${\mu}g/kg$ in beef, 0.902 ${\mu}g/kg$ in pork, 0.710 ${\mu}g/kg$ in chicken, 0.796 ${\mu}g/kg$ in duck, 1.141 ${\mu}g/kg$ in ham, and 1.052 ${\mu}g/kg$ in sausage. Based on the results of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2005, the levels of dietary exposure to heavy metal contaminants in meat and meat products were compared with the provisional tolerable weekly intake(PTWI) established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. The average dietary exposure of the general population from meat and meat products was 0.03-0.2% of PTWI for Pb, Cd, As, and Hg, which indicates a safe level for public health at present.

Influence of NaCl and pH on Hydrolysis of Chicken Myofibrillar Proteins by Leukocyte Lysosomal Proteinases (Leucocyte lysosomal proteinase에 의한 닭의 근섬유(筋纖維) 단백질(蛋白質) 분해(分解)에 미치는 NaCl과 pH의 영향(影響))

  • Shinlee, Seung-Yee;Rhee, Chong-Ouk
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.569-574
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    • 1990
  • The influence of NaCl and pH on degradation of chicken breast muscle myofibrillar proteins by porcine leukocyte lysosomal proteinases was investigated. The degradation reactions were carried out at $38^{\circ}C$ for 24hours under different conditions. The degradation of myofibrillar proteins by leukocyte lysosomal enzymes at various pH values was limited to partial hydrolysis. Reactions at higher pH values resulted in lower molecular weight degradation products while reactions at lower pH resulted in higher molecular weight degradation products. When NaCl was added into the reaction mixture, enzyme activities of degradation were increased at all pH values studied, as evidenced by NPN-analysis and SDS-PAGE. More severe degradation was observed with higher salt concentration. The concentration of 0.5M NaCl in the reaction mixture gave more degradation of myosin heavy chain by enzyme than that of 0.1M NaCl.

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Evaluation of the quality characteristics of nitrogen gas-stunned chicken meat and small intestine

  • Muhammad Shahbubul Alam;Dong-Heon Song;Sun-Moon Kang;Inho Hwang;Kuk-Hwan Seol;Soo-Hyun Cho;Jung-Hwan Jeon;Hyoun Wook Kim
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.66 no.4
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    • pp.792-806
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    • 2024
  • This study aimed to confirm the applicability of the new nitrogen (N2) gas stunning method in the broiler slaughtering process by comparing the meat and small intestine quality following different stunning methods (electrical, carbon dioxide (CO2), N2, and halal). Four treatments were compared: (i) electrical stunning (Elec), (ii) 80% CO2 gas stunning (CO2-gas), (iii) 98% N2 gas stunning (N2-gas), and (iv) the non-stunning method (halal). N2 gas stunning (98%) and the halal method were conducted at the pilot plant abattoir of the national institute of animal science, Korea, and electrical and 80% CO2 stunning were performed on the nearest commercial slaughter house. Meat pH24h, color (lightness, redness and yellowness), proximate composition, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss, and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) were measured, and in the small intestine, pH24h, color, thickness, and WBSF were measured. The Elec treatment showed high lightness, yellowness, and low redness in both meat and the small intestine, indicated by a pale color; the CO2-gas treatment showed high redness, low lightness, and low yellowness, and the coloration of meat from the N2-gas treatment was intermediate between Elec and CO2-gas. For other quality traits, the N2-gas showed good results and was between Elec and CO2-gas. Additionally, severe stress (low pH in both meats), low WHC in meat, and cracked small intestine with numerous apertures were observed in the CO2-gas, and pale colored hemorrhagic breast meat was found in the Elec. Therefore, in view of animal welfare and quality traits of meat and the small intestine, 98% N2 gas can be considered in broiler stunning.