• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.33-43
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• 2018

Purpose - In hotel industry, quality of leader-member exchange(LMX) relationship is very critical, because it impacts on the employee's work attitude and behaviors. Thus, this research examines the effect of LMX on employee loyalty in the context of hotel business and identifies mediating roles of work stressors, work role performance in the relationship between LMX and employee loyalty. This research suggests the guidelines for how hotel leaders should manage their employees and build employee loyalty that improve management and business performance. Research design, data, and methodology - This study tests the structural relationship between LMX, work stressors, work role performance, and employee loyalty. Work role performance divide into three sub-dimensions such as individual task proficiency, individual task adaptivity, and individual task proactivity. In order to examine the purposes of this research, research model and hypotheses were developed. All constructs were measured with multiple items developed and tested in the previous studies. The data were collected from 113 franchise hotel employees and were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 3 program. Result - The findings of this research are as follows. First, leader-member exchange(LMX) have significant positive impacts on work stressors, work role performance, and employee loyalty. Second, work stressors have significant negative impacts on work role performance and employee loyalty. Third, work role performance has significant positive impact on employee loyalty. Conclusions - The outcomes of this research indicate that hotel leaders should focus on the dyadic relationship with their employees how to improve employee productivity through LMX relationship. In turn, the quality of this relationship influences employees's work attitudes and behaviors. As a result of increasing job demands in hotel business which relies heavily on human resources, the hotel leader must find ways to prevent or reduce stressors and associated strains. If hotel employees perceive the high quality of LMX relationship, they improve their work role performance which influences loyalty. Therefore, the hotel leaders should develop monetary or non-monetary reward system for the employees and, make an efforts to have unique social exchange relationships with employees.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.8
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• pp.21-33
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• 1997

This study reviews the scientific management theories and discusses those theories within the food service industry. By providing the principles and the practical implications of the theories on the food service industry, this study tries to identify their philosophies and usefulness to the industry so that the managers in the industry use them in their dylmanic operations. In the fastly changing modern globalized world, we now face a situation where it's becoming more and more difficult to mange a restaurant business. In order to build a food industry business that can maintain a continuous development in today's business environment, one will have to apply the professional management theory in a cost-reduce strategy. It is more important though to have managers, organization members, in short, any person who can work to be motivated in accomplishing these two major issues-income increase and cost reduction. In this erawhere it's getting so difficult for researches on possible strategies for these business managers to overcome their difficulties. It is for certain that in the upcoming second millenium the travel and tourism industry will be one of the world's biggest industry worldwide. Korea's hotel industry has developed since the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games and has shown great amount of competition within the same business. Thus managers have become acquainted with the "know-how" strategy and the practical and scientific managemnet theories were introduced. This helped not only to increase income but also to maximize profit. However, rather than concentration on the "Hard-ware" aspect "Soft-ware" related professional management strategies were developed along with professionalism and human service were emphazied. As such, the actual cost of food and beverages are for the hotel industry business managers the biggest shortterm expense item. Due to the natural state of food items, there is a great chance of "Loss" in preservance, and this is the reason it is complicated to effectively maintain food. As a consequence, very often, the failure to managea hotel or restaurant depends on the capability of the food and beverage preservance mangement: on how they are able to manage effectively the original price of food and beverage. Finally, the main problem of the original price management of food and beverage in Korean hotels are: a) No fixation of set price b) The difficulty to calculate the price difference between a set price and an original price. c) Lack of professinalism in managing the food and beverage original price. d) Lack of perception of the highest ranking management personnels. So as to reform these matters it is necessary to : a) Reform on the management accounting system b) Emphasize to the people in charge on the idea of original price management c) Reinforce original price mangement prevention and assurance of indepedent inspection rights d) Reat manpower

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.524-539
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• 2011

This paper aims to analyze the characteristics of hotel REITs' performance and operation, and to examine their use for activating the hotel industries in Korea. The results of this study are as follows. First, hotel REITs underperformed average REITs and investment proportion of hotel REITs compared to total REITs has been curtailed after 1998. This is because performance of hotel REITs is sensitive to business fluctuations. Second, hotel REITs have mainly invested chain hotels, and shared their role with professional hotel management companies. Third, hotel REITs are to be useful for activating the hotel industries in Korea. In this context, major implications are presented to use healthcare REITs effectively.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of HR practices such as (Recruitment, empowerment, working condition and compensation) on Job satisfaction in the prospects of Hotel Industry of Pakistan. The sample size for this study was 100 employees who were selected through convenience sampling techniques. This study was restricted to 10 Hotels of Peshawar. Hypotheses of the study were tested through correlation and regression analysis to inspect the employee's satisfaction. The findings investigates that there is significant relationship between HR practices and job satisfaction. Moreover Recruitment and selection, empowerment and working condition have positive effect on job satisfaction, while compensation has negative effect on job satisfaction, which indicates that most of employees are not satisfied from payment of employer. Empirical findings concluded that best HR practices have significant and positive effect on employees job satisfaction. Therefore, it is suggested for HR manager to understand and implement the HR practices correctly to take good work from their employees.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 2009

This paper is an explanation of a design and an implementation of Web 2.0 online travel agency system for frequent decision-making. On the Web 2.0 travel agency system, optimized information is obtained by applying data mining technology such as association rules, decision trees, and neural networks, and this system is a unified system that consists of the block systems of hotels, ground traffic, and flights in tour packages of a travel agency system. Furthermore, it is implemented to manage the system that is not for the administrator of a travel agency system, but for users or communities that use the system need their own information. The expected effect of this system is to maximize the investment company's efficiency through a new-concept interest model created by B2C customers, and also B2B small and medium-sized travel agencies adopting the system. As a result, it is a system that stimulates dormant customer activity and prevents good customers from leaving by maximizing the merit and capacity of the existed web site for marketing. Moreover, this system is also a model for people who plan customized travel agency business, and will show a way for the domestic and international travel agency industry's globalization.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.121-133
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• 2005

The WTO(World Trade Organization) meetings for service negotiations started in February in 2000. Since then, the member countries have discussed the tourism sector and their expectations and methods of liberalization, based on the proposals they have submitted. The Republic of Korea had already opened hotels and restaurants, travel agencies and tour operator services, and tourist guide services, preceding of WTO service negotiations. However, to comply with the terms of the negotiations, the domestic laws and systems related to tourism should be analyzed according to their adherence to the principles of GATS(General Agreement on Trade in Services), which include market access and national treatment. Thus, the purposes of this study were two-fold: first, regarding the two basic principles of GATS(market access and national treatment), the articles of the administrative laws relating to tourism were examined. Second, proposals from the tourism sectors in the US, Canada, Dominique, EC, Switzerland, and Japan were also summarized and reviewed. Proper responses to service negotiations were proposed based on the results of this analysis. As a result, I can support the GATS classification(w/120) of tourism and the liberalization of tourism in other WTO member countries. I can also support the elimination of obstacles such as economic need tests and nationality requirement. 'Others' category should be considered more carefully according to the competitiveness of the given industry.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.13-24
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• 2016

Tourism is often considered as one of the main industries to promote development and modernization in small South Pacific islands countries. In Fiji, this was recognized in the 1960s, and resulted in large-scale resort based tourism development in coastal areas. While tourism has obvious advantages to the economy, a lot of problems such as exclusive foreign control of the main hotels and resorts, considerable overseas leakage of earnings, the limited participation by indigenous resource owners, and localized environmental damages to reefs and mangroves are emerging. For sustainable tourism development, it is needed to set growth objectives and targets for tourism in terms of benefits to Fiji, and to concentrate support on 'Rural Tourism' such as community-based tourism that have lower leakage and put more into local economies. Through case study in this paper, to develop rural tourism at the local level, several recommendations are as follows: 1) to introduce various rural tourism programs such as experiencing Fiji's traditional culture, participating in activities, picking fruits and harvesting agro-products, 2) to enhance aggressive promotion and marketing strategies, 3) to build the capacity of local communities for improving the quality of tourism services, and 4) to provide the infrastructure for tourism business such as road accessing, water supply and disaster prevention.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.25-35
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• 2020

Purpose:Travel agencies have use digital tools in order to shift the paradigm in how business is conducted. Online travel agencies provide the same services as a normal travel agency, including hotels, transportation, guided tours, reservations, and related services, but using an "online platform. Travelers planning a trip can use a lot of forms to collect information and have access to a larger amount of information, so the factors that influence the user's behavioral intention are very important. This research has the conducted to find what factors lead to the attitudes of consumers in using OTA using the UTAUT model. Research design, data and methodology: The object of this study were respondents of a google survey using convenient sample extraction method, chosen among consumers who gathered information, or purchased a product. A total of 217 of the 235 questionnaires Google survey answered were used in the final analysis, excluding insincere responses. Using PSS v.21 and AMOS v.21, frequency analysis, feasibility and reliability analysis, path analysis was performed. Results: UTAUT affects OTA use satisfaction and trust, and OTA satisfaction and trust affect behavior intention. Conclusions: Research was conducted using the UTAUT model to explore factors that affect the attitudes of users of online travel agencies (OTA).

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.339-356
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to provide the developmental basic data of a change in shift work types by making a self-administered survey of the effect of commitment by shift work and the open kitchen system on job satisfaction and job stress, and mutual relation between variables on 287 cooks in luxury hotels. Analysis showed that the operation of the shift work system was effective in reducing the internal stress of the cooks, their external stress, or their self-uncertainty on the job, and the business by the open kitchen system was effective in raising self-esteem. In addition, job commitment by shift work and the open kitchen system were effective in promoting the job satisfaction of employees, interpersonal relations, promotion, benefits and wages. Consequently, the decrease of external and internal stress or self-uncertainty and the improvement of job satisfaction can be connected with the increase of productivity or cost reduction. Therefore, the open kitchen system should be properly applied to the shift work system, along with sanitation, safety and the periodic checkup of kitchen.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.207-223
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• 2013

Revenue management (RM) has been widely used to model products characterized as perishable. Classical RM model assumed that price is the sole factor in the model. Thus price adjustment becomes a crucial and costly factor in business. In this paper, an optimal pricing model is developed based on minimization of soft customer cost, one kind of price adjustment cost and is solved by Lagrange multiplier method. It is formed by expected discounted revenue/bid price integrating quantity-based RM and pricing-based RM. Quantity-based RM consists of two capacity models, namely, booking limit and overbooking. Booking limit, built by assuming uncertain customer arrival, decides the optimal capacity allocation for two market segments. Overbooking determines the level of accepted order exceeding capacity to anticipate probability of cancellation. Furthermore, pricing-based RM models occupancy/demand rate influenced by internal and competitor price changes. In this paper, a mathematical model based on game theoretic approach is developed for two conditions of deterministic and stochastic demand. Based on the equilibrium point, the best strategy for both hotels can be determined.