A number of companies are considering for merger and acquisition (M&A) as one of business strategies for their growth and survival. However, many of them do not create the synergy they had sought, and failed M&A, often result in negative outcomes in terms of productivity, market share, profitability and turnover of qualified employees. There have been numerous research studies conducted to analyze the factors that determine the success and failure of M&A, and it has been found that with the increasing dependence of many companies on information systems, post-M&A IS (information systems) integration success has a critical effect on the success of M&A. However, there have been very few studies on post-M&A IS integration success, and most have been restricted to integration of IS organizations or physical information systems. In order to conduct a comprehensive research on the factors that affect the success of post-M&A IS integration, this study surveyed preceding researches on not only information systems but also strategic management, economics, finance, HRM (human resource management) and organization management. Based on the findings, a comprehensive and integrated model of the influential factors on post-M&A IS integration has been proposed. The proposed model categorizes the factors into perspectives of M&A, strategy, organization, HRM and IS, and provides an empirical evaluation of each factor on the success of IS integration based on comparative case studies.
Reliability growth rate (or reliability growth curve slope) have the two cases of trend as a constant or changing one during the reliability growth testing. The changing case is very common situation. The reasons of reliability growth rate changing are that the failures to follow the NHPP (None-Homogeneous Poisson Process), and the solutions implemented during test to break out other problems or not to take out all of the root cause permanently. If the changing were big, the "Goodness of Fit (GOF)" of reliability growth curve to test data would be very low and then reduce the accuracy of assessing result with test data. In this research, we are using Duane model and AMSAA model for assessing test data and projecting the reliability level of complex and repairable system as like construction equipment and vehicle. In case of no changing in reliability growth rate, it is reasonable for reliability engineer to implement the original Duane model (1964) and Crow-AMSAA model (1975) for the assessment and projection activity. However, in case of reliability growth rate changing, it is necessary to find the method to increase the "GOF" of reliability growth curves to test data. To increase GOF of reliability growth curves, it is necessary to find the proper parameter calculation method of interesting reliability growth models that are applicable to the situation of reliability growth rate changing. Since the Duane and AMSAA models have a characteristic to get more strong influence from the initial test (or failure) data than the latest one, the both models have a limitation to contain the latest test data information that is more important and better to assess test data in view of accuracy, especially when the reliability growth rate changing. The main objective of this research is to find the parameter calculation method to reflect the latest test data in the case of reliability growth rate changing. According to my experience in vehicle and construction equipment developments over 18 years, over the 90% in the total development cases are with such changing during the developing test. The objective of this research was to develop the newly assessing method and the process for GOF level increasing in case of reliability growth rate changing that would contribute to achieve more accurate assessing and projecting result. We also developed the new evaluation method for GOF that are applicable to the both models as Duane and AMSAA, so it is possible to compare it between models and check the effectiveness of new parameter calculation methods in any interesting situation. These research results can reduce the decision error for development process and business control with the accurately assessing and projecting result.
In the paper, the forest policy of Korea during the period of 1906 to 1910 under the spheres of Japanese influence was revisited by considering the incident of attempting sales of the old Crown forest reserve in Wando to a Japanese business man with a failure and the national forest policies of the Residence General in Korea of the Japanese Imperial. The factors, both the internal and external, behind the scene of the incident are considered for the explanation for the development of the incident with the forest reserve in Wando. The forest policy during the period considered involves the exploitation of virgin forests in the northern provinces near the rivers bordered with China and Russia, the introduction of forest law, which is the first modern regulation enacted with the heavy influence of the Japanese interest in the colonization of Korea. The intentions of the Japanese Colonial Power for the exploitation of forest resources in Korea were interpreted by investigating the report on the situation of forest ownership in Korea prepared by Japanese forest officers who surveyed the Korean forest areas by sampling just before the beginning of colonization.
Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
/
v.12
/
pp.165-200
/
1985
We have come to the time when we no longer ask why we computerize, but we need to concentrate on how to effectively accomplish the task. Application of computers has been very active in many fields in Korea during the last few years. And yet libraries are rather slow in taking adventage of computers most likely due to the lack of adequate funds and proper understanding of administrators, but also it seems that the majority of librarians are not quite prepared to adopt it. The purpose of this paper is to study the various aspects of computerization of library work, mainly for library administrators and librarians; although they need not understand the electronical and technical aspects of computers, but they should prepare themselves enough at least to be able to make proper requests to computer specialists in relation to what they want to accomplish with computers in order to improve the work of the library. In preparing this paper, not only successful cases of computer application which had been carried out in many libraries of advanced countries have been studied, but also various reasons for failure have been reviewed in order not to make the same mistakes. The paper covers those areas of library work where computers can be applied, such as feasibility, cost effectiveness, planning, implementation and some other aspects of computerization. As a conclusion, two viewpoints need to be discussed. First, each library should work cooperatively with other libraies instead of trying to develop its own computer programs, since we cannot affort to waste financial and technical resources as well as time. Computer applicable library work can be divided and assumed by certain libraries with responsibility to develop turn-key systems applicable to Korean university libraries. In order to carry out this task, there should be complete financial assistance from government, and in turn those libraries shouldf be required to offer assistance to any other interested libaries in Korea. Secondly, library school curriculum should offer such courses where future librarians can learn decision making, business administration and independent thinking in addition to traditional courses. Future librarians as well as those who are already in the profession should prepare themselves to meet the challenge of the professional requirements in order to meet the ever increasing and diverse needs for good quality service generated from the library users.
L/C provides the exporter and the importer with safe assurance in the exchange of goods for payment in international trade. It involves a number of parties. Although the parties may have confidence in their client, bad faith or ignorance of international banking practice by any of these parties could cause the failure of transaction, which makes international trade a risky business. Most of the risks are found in transport document, which can cause disputes. There are many factors in the risk of transport documents under L/C transaction. One most common risk factor for the beneficiary in all transport documents is even if there is no discrepancy in document, the issuing bank or the applicant refuses to pay or delay payment insisting there is a discrepancy. In some very rare cases, the beneficiary may not get paid due to unfair injunction of the local court of the applicant. For the applicant, most common risk factors are fake bill and fraud. Risks classified according to the sorts of transport documents are as follows. 1. In B/L, payment can be refused because it is regarded as charter party B/L, although there is no real charter party contract. And the applicant can bear the potential risk of the loss or deterioration of cargo through transhipment of the cargo loaded on board in container if transhipment is prohibited without excluding of UCP 600 article 20 (c). 2. In charter party B/L, the applicant may take delivery without paying when charter party B/L is signed by charterer, which can result in a big loss for the beneficiary and the negotiating bank. And risks may arise when cargo is seized because the charterer does not pay the hire. The applicant and the issuing bank are also vulnerable to a risk - Against whom should they file a suit when cargo gets damaged during transportation? 3. In multimodal transport document, which is subject to a conflict because there is a big difference in viewpoints between transport industry and banks, conflicts may also arise when L/C requires ocean B/L and accepts multimodal transport document at the same time, but does not specify the details. 4. In air waybill, where the consignee is not the issuing bank but the applicant, risks may take place to the beneficiary when the applicant takes delivery but refuses to pay asserting minor discrepancies in document. The applicant may also bear the risk when cargo may not be loaded because air waybill is a received bill. Another risk may arise when although the applicant prohibits transhipment without excluding UCP 600 article 23 (c), the cargo may be transhipped, provided that the entire carriage is covered by one and the same air waybill.
Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
/
v.19
no.6
/
pp.109-117
/
2014
A cold storage is a warehouse of a insulated building with cooling installations. It has many different types of cold rooms with temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius, and the sequential workflow such as receiving, picking and packing runs in that rooms. Recently, the cold storages have adopted RFID technology, and consequently, warehouse product management in them are becoming intelligent and network. However, information inconsistency in warehouses caused by physical and logical errors reduces reliability in the RFID cold storage management system and worsens their work efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an early detection system to identify errors. In this paper, we suggest a supervisory system detecting logical errors on business processes of the RFID cold storage. It is composed of a master supervisor and mobile supervisor. In the master supervisor, the manager can set the constraints conditions and get alerts, and in the mobile supervisor, the workers confirm and deal with these faults directly. The supervisory system improve reliability of the RFID cold storage management system by recognizing a failure to identify physically and logically using these constraint conditions. This paper shows that the supervisory system can reduce the average recovery time to improve reliability by decreasing the time for detecting and analyzing errors in the RFID cold storage management system.
Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
/
v.25
no.2
/
pp.221-229
/
2020
As the cosmetics beauty industry grows into a key next-generation industry, the establishment of an industrialization center is needed, but failure to verify the adequacy and feasibility of the investment could lead to financial burdens. In this study, the project costs and facilities of an industrial center are reviewed to analyze its economic feasibility based on the cost estimates, revenue estimates, estimated profit or loss calculations, and estimated operating cash flows. The profit estimation criteria were analyzed by applying 90 per cent of expected orders for research projects (24 billion won) and 12 per cent of rental rates for testing equipment (4.5 billion won for construction), and the benefit/cost ratio is higher than 1.02 per cent and the net present value is higher than '0' won, and the internal rate of return is also more than 5.06 per cent for all three analytical methods. Therefore, in order for the construction of a cosmetics beauty industrialization center to be economically feasible, it is necessary to maintain research project orders of more than 90 percent and return on equipment rent of more than 12 percent, and a strategic approach is needed to diversify business profits.
It is required that gas accidents should be managed carefully as the consumption of fuel gas increases and high pressure gas process becomes more complex, which may cause a catastrophic accident. Factors to cause accidents were investigated through a systematic analysis of gas accidents between 1995 and 1998, which could be applied to prepare countermeasures to reduce gas accidents. As a result, it was suggested that the effective countermeasures to gas accidents should be kept applied, while new countermeasures were suggested in the field of increasing or not-decreasing number of accident. Totally 2,027 of accidents were reported during this term, and were found to decrease by about $12\%$ every year from 1996. The number of fuel gas such as LPG and city gas accident took up $96\%$, and most of accidents occurred at end-user's facility such as residential house and restaurant business. According to the kind of gas and facility, trend of accident by cause varies, while dominant causes are defective installation, appliance failure, or user's carelessness. Intentional accidents by fuel gas was excluded in this study because of its occurring mechanism and will be analyzed further elsewhere, although it took up $15\%$ and increased by $38\%$ every year.
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
/
v.21
no.1
/
pp.35-44
/
2020
The purpose of this study is to elaborate the request for proposal (RFP) for the localization parts development support project of core parts carried out by the Defense Agency for Technology and Quality. The RFP is the most important document throughout the localization parts project, including project announcement and developer selection, design and test of the development product, final evaluation, and standardization of the project. However, if the RFP is not established at the beginning of the project, there is an increased risk of business failure due to frequent changes by various reasons. In this study, we recognized the necessity of elaboration of RFP and applied the AHP method for quantitative elaboration. Eight requirements of the RFP related to the mechanical/electrical performance of localized development products and three elaboration methods for each requirement were designed in a hierarchical structure, and each weight was calculated by applying the 5-point scale AHP method. The AHP survey was conducted with 20 developers participating in the localization parts project, and the consistency ratio of the AHP survey result was less than 0.1. The elaboration method with the highest value among the calculated weights is classified, and the analysis results and future research directions of the elaboration method are presented.
Kim Young-Man;Park Hong-Jae;Han Wang-Won;Choi Wan;Heo Seong-Jin
The KIPS Transactions:PartC
/
v.13C
no.4
s.107
/
pp.501-510
/
2006
Software streaming allows the execution of stream-enabled software on desktop or portable computing devices like PC, PDA, laptop, cellular phone, etc., even while the transmission/streaming from the server may still be in progress. In this paper, we present an efficient streaming system called Software On-Demand(SOD) streaming system to transmit stream-enabled applications in addition to automatic installation of program registry, environment variables, configuration files, and related components. In particular, we design and implement a SOD system in Linux to provide the user with the instant look-and-click software execution environment such that software download and installation are internally proceeded in a completely user-transparent way. Therefore, the SOD system relieves the user from the tricky, failure-prone installation business. In addition, the software developer now obtains a new, powerful means to advertise and propagate their software products since the user can use software packages via user-friendly UI window or web browser by look-and-click interactive operation. In the paper, we also make a couple of SOD streaming experiments using a spectrum of popular softwares. Based on the analysis of the experiment results, we also propose two performance improvement schemes.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.