• Information Systems Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.45-66
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• 2009

A number of companies are considering for merger and acquisition (M&A) as one of business strategies for their growth and survival. However, many of them do not create the synergy they had sought, and failed M&A, often result in negative outcomes in terms of productivity, market share, profitability and turnover of qualified employees. There have been numerous research studies conducted to analyze the factors that determine the success and failure of M&A, and it has been found that with the increasing dependence of many companies on information systems, post-M&A IS (information systems) integration success has a critical effect on the success of M&A. However, there have been very few studies on post-M&A IS integration success, and most have been restricted to integration of IS organizations or physical information systems. In order to conduct a comprehensive research on the factors that affect the success of post-M&A IS integration, this study surveyed preceding researches on not only information systems but also strategic management, economics, finance, HRM (human resource management) and organization management. Based on the findings, a comprehensive and integrated model of the influential factors on post-M&A IS integration has been proposed. The proposed model categorizes the factors into perspectives of M&A, strategy, organization, HRM and IS, and provides an empirical evaluation of each factor on the success of IS integration based on comparative case studies.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.90-100
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• 2015

Reliability growth rate (or reliability growth curve slope) have the two cases of trend as a constant or changing one during the reliability growth testing. The changing case is very common situation. The reasons of reliability growth rate changing are that the failures to follow the NHPP (None-Homogeneous Poisson Process), and the solutions implemented during test to break out other problems or not to take out all of the root cause permanently. If the changing were big, the "Goodness of Fit (GOF)" of reliability growth curve to test data would be very low and then reduce the accuracy of assessing result with test data. In this research, we are using Duane model and AMSAA model for assessing test data and projecting the reliability level of complex and repairable system as like construction equipment and vehicle. In case of no changing in reliability growth rate, it is reasonable for reliability engineer to implement the original Duane model (1964) and Crow-AMSAA model (1975) for the assessment and projection activity. However, in case of reliability growth rate changing, it is necessary to find the method to increase the "GOF" of reliability growth curves to test data. To increase GOF of reliability growth curves, it is necessary to find the proper parameter calculation method of interesting reliability growth models that are applicable to the situation of reliability growth rate changing. Since the Duane and AMSAA models have a characteristic to get more strong influence from the initial test (or failure) data than the latest one, the both models have a limitation to contain the latest test data information that is more important and better to assess test data in view of accuracy, especially when the reliability growth rate changing. The main objective of this research is to find the parameter calculation method to reflect the latest test data in the case of reliability growth rate changing. According to my experience in vehicle and construction equipment developments over 18 years, over the 90% in the total development cases are with such changing during the developing test. The objective of this research was to develop the newly assessing method and the process for GOF level increasing in case of reliability growth rate changing that would contribute to achieve more accurate assessing and projecting result. We also developed the new evaluation method for GOF that are applicable to the both models as Duane and AMSAA, so it is possible to compare it between models and check the effectiveness of new parameter calculation methods in any interesting situation. These research results can reduce the decision error for development process and business control with the accurately assessing and projecting result.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.1
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• pp.48-62
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• 1995

In the paper, the forest policy of Korea during the period of 1906 to 1910 under the spheres of Japanese influence was revisited by considering the incident of attempting sales of the old Crown forest reserve in Wando to a Japanese business man with a failure and the national forest policies of the Residence General in Korea of the Japanese Imperial. The factors, both the internal and external, behind the scene of the incident are considered for the explanation for the development of the incident with the forest reserve in Wando. The forest policy during the period considered involves the exploitation of virgin forests in the northern provinces near the rivers bordered with China and Russia, the introduction of forest law, which is the first modern regulation enacted with the heavy influence of the Japanese interest in the colonization of Korea. The intentions of the Japanese Colonial Power for the exploitation of forest resources in Korea were interpreted by investigating the report on the situation of forest ownership in Korea prepared by Japanese forest officers who surveyed the Korean forest areas by sampling just before the beginning of colonization.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.12
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• pp.165-200
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• 1985

We have come to the time when we no longer ask why we computerize, but we need to concentrate on how to effectively accomplish the task. Application of computers has been very active in many fields in Korea during the last few years. And yet libraries are rather slow in taking adventage of computers most likely due to the lack of adequate funds and proper understanding of administrators, but also it seems that the majority of librarians are not quite prepared to adopt it. The purpose of this paper is to study the various aspects of computerization of library work, mainly for library administrators and librarians; although they need not understand the electronical and technical aspects of computers, but they should prepare themselves enough at least to be able to make proper requests to computer specialists in relation to what they want to accomplish with computers in order to improve the work of the library. In preparing this paper, not only successful cases of computer application which had been carried out in many libraries of advanced countries have been studied, but also various reasons for failure have been reviewed in order not to make the same mistakes. The paper covers those areas of library work where computers can be applied, such as feasibility, cost effectiveness, planning, implementation and some other aspects of computerization. As a conclusion, two viewpoints need to be discussed. First, each library should work cooperatively with other libraies instead of trying to develop its own computer programs, since we cannot affort to waste financial and technical resources as well as time. Computer applicable library work can be divided and assumed by certain libraries with responsibility to develop turn-key systems applicable to Korean university libraries. In order to carry out this task, there should be complete financial assistance from government, and in turn those libraries shouldf be required to offer assistance to any other interested libaries in Korea. Secondly, library school curriculum should offer such courses where future librarians can learn decision making, business administration and independent thinking in addition to traditional courses. Future librarians as well as those who are already in the profession should prepare themselves to meet the challenge of the professional requirements in order to meet the ever increasing and diverse needs for good quality service generated from the library users.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.45
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• pp.85-109
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• 2010

L/C provides the exporter and the importer with safe assurance in the exchange of goods for payment in international trade. It involves a number of parties. Although the parties may have confidence in their client, bad faith or ignorance of international banking practice by any of these parties could cause the failure of transaction, which makes international trade a risky business. Most of the risks are found in transport document, which can cause disputes. There are many factors in the risk of transport documents under L/C transaction. One most common risk factor for the beneficiary in all transport documents is even if there is no discrepancy in document, the issuing bank or the applicant refuses to pay or delay payment insisting there is a discrepancy. In some very rare cases, the beneficiary may not get paid due to unfair injunction of the local court of the applicant. For the applicant, most common risk factors are fake bill and fraud. Risks classified according to the sorts of transport documents are as follows. 1. In B/L, payment can be refused because it is regarded as charter party B/L, although there is no real charter party contract. And the applicant can bear the potential risk of the loss or deterioration of cargo through transhipment of the cargo loaded on board in container if transhipment is prohibited without excluding of UCP 600 article 20 (c). 2. In charter party B/L, the applicant may take delivery without paying when charter party B/L is signed by charterer, which can result in a big loss for the beneficiary and the negotiating bank. And risks may arise when cargo is seized because the charterer does not pay the hire. The applicant and the issuing bank are also vulnerable to a risk - Against whom should they file a suit when cargo gets damaged during transportation? 3. In multimodal transport document, which is subject to a conflict because there is a big difference in viewpoints between transport industry and banks, conflicts may also arise when L/C requires ocean B/L and accepts multimodal transport document at the same time, but does not specify the details. 4. In air waybill, where the consignee is not the issuing bank but the applicant, risks may take place to the beneficiary when the applicant takes delivery but refuses to pay asserting minor discrepancies in document. The applicant may also bear the risk when cargo may not be loaded because air waybill is a received bill. Another risk may arise when although the applicant prohibits transhipment without excluding UCP 600 article 23 (c), the cargo may be transhipped, provided that the entire carriage is covered by one and the same air waybill.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.109-117
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• 2014

A cold storage is a warehouse of a insulated building with cooling installations. It has many different types of cold rooms with temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius, and the sequential workflow such as receiving, picking and packing runs in that rooms. Recently, the cold storages have adopted RFID technology, and consequently, warehouse product management in them are becoming intelligent and network. However, information inconsistency in warehouses caused by physical and logical errors reduces reliability in the RFID cold storage management system and worsens their work efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an early detection system to identify errors. In this paper, we suggest a supervisory system detecting logical errors on business processes of the RFID cold storage. It is composed of a master supervisor and mobile supervisor. In the master supervisor, the manager can set the constraints conditions and get alerts, and in the mobile supervisor, the workers confirm and deal with these faults directly. The supervisory system improve reliability of the RFID cold storage management system by recognizing a failure to identify physically and logically using these constraint conditions. This paper shows that the supervisory system can reduce the average recovery time to improve reliability by decreasing the time for detecting and analyzing errors in the RFID cold storage management system.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.221-229
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• 2020

As the cosmetics beauty industry grows into a key next-generation industry, the establishment of an industrialization center is needed, but failure to verify the adequacy and feasibility of the investment could lead to financial burdens. In this study, the project costs and facilities of an industrial center are reviewed to analyze its economic feasibility based on the cost estimates, revenue estimates, estimated profit or loss calculations, and estimated operating cash flows. The profit estimation criteria were analyzed by applying 90 per cent of expected orders for research projects (24 billion won) and 12 per cent of rental rates for testing equipment (4.5 billion won for construction), and the benefit/cost ratio is higher than 1.02 per cent and the net present value is higher than '0' won, and the internal rate of return is also more than 5.06 per cent for all three analytical methods. Therefore, in order for the construction of a cosmetics beauty industrialization center to be economically feasible, it is necessary to maintain research project orders of more than 90 percent and return on equipment rent of more than 12 percent, and a strategic approach is needed to diversify business profits.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.4 no.3 s.11
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

It is required that gas accidents should be managed carefully as the consumption of fuel gas increases and high pressure gas process becomes more complex, which may cause a catastrophic accident. Factors to cause accidents were investigated through a systematic analysis of gas accidents between 1995 and 1998, which could be applied to prepare countermeasures to reduce gas accidents. As a result, it was suggested that the effective countermeasures to gas accidents should be kept applied, while new countermeasures were suggested in the field of increasing or not-decreasing number of accident. Totally 2,027 of accidents were reported during this term, and were found to decrease by about $12\%$ every year from 1996. The number of fuel gas such as LPG and city gas accident took up $96\%$, and most of accidents occurred at end-user's facility such as residential house and restaurant business. According to the kind of gas and facility, trend of accident by cause varies, while dominant causes are defective installation, appliance failure, or user's carelessness. Intentional accidents by fuel gas was excluded in this study because of its occurring mechanism and will be analyzed further elsewhere, although it took up $15\%$ and increased by $38\%$ every year.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to elaborate the request for proposal (RFP) for the localization parts development support project of core parts carried out by the Defense Agency for Technology and Quality. The RFP is the most important document throughout the localization parts project, including project announcement and developer selection, design and test of the development product, final evaluation, and standardization of the project. However, if the RFP is not established at the beginning of the project, there is an increased risk of business failure due to frequent changes by various reasons. In this study, we recognized the necessity of elaboration of RFP and applied the AHP method for quantitative elaboration. Eight requirements of the RFP related to the mechanical/electrical performance of localized development products and three elaboration methods for each requirement were designed in a hierarchical structure, and each weight was calculated by applying the 5-point scale AHP method. The AHP survey was conducted with 20 developers participating in the localization parts project, and the consistency ratio of the AHP survey result was less than 0.1. The elaboration method with the highest value among the calculated weights is classified, and the analysis results and future research directions of the elaboration method are presented.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.13C no.4 s.107
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• pp.501-510
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• 2006

Software streaming allows the execution of stream-enabled software on desktop or portable computing devices like PC, PDA, laptop, cellular phone, etc., even while the transmission/streaming from the server may still be in progress. In this paper, we present an efficient streaming system called Software On-Demand(SOD) streaming system to transmit stream-enabled applications in addition to automatic installation of program registry, environment variables, configuration files, and related components. In particular, we design and implement a SOD system in Linux to provide the user with the instant look-and-click software execution environment such that software download and installation are internally proceeded in a completely user-transparent way. Therefore, the SOD system relieves the user from the tricky, failure-prone installation business. In addition, the software developer now obtains a new, powerful means to advertise and propagate their software products since the user can use software packages via user-friendly UI window or web browser by look-and-click interactive operation. In the paper, we also make a couple of SOD streaming experiments using a spectrum of popular softwares. Based on the analysis of the experiment results, we also propose two performance improvement schemes.