• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.39-46
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the management environment provincial and municipal professional soccer teams based on financial statements at a time when strengthening the financial soundness of domestic professional soccer teams is emphasized. Research design, data, and methodology: This study analyzed the financial statements (2018-2020) of the six teams of the provincial and municipal professional soccer teams whose financial statements were disclosed. The statements includes indicators of growth, profit and stability, which represents the main business performance of the entity. Results: As a result of the study, First, in terms of sales growth, sales in 2020 fell sharply year-on-year due to the impact of Covid-19. Second, the increase in sales through the import of player transfer fees had a positive impact on the growth of the business performance of the provincial and municipal professional soccer teams. Third, the profitability of the provincial and municipal professional soccer team is still low. Fourth, the debt ratio of the provincial and municipal professional soccer team was high, indicating that stability was serious. Conclusions: In order to increase sales, various strategies and measures are needed to overcome external factors such as media content products and non-face-to-face content strategies. The provincial and municipal professional soccer team, which has weak self-sustaining operations, needs to generate more profits through transferring players as a new management (profit) model, and first of all, a long-term strategy is needed to secure financial stability by improving the club's profitability.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.3
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• pp.429-439
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• 2019

The objectives of this study were to gauge the extent of the forestry business through establishing the definition of forestry industry from the perspective of economic convergence and to analyze key components that affect each growth phase of a forestry business entity by classifying them. A total of 1,397 "sixth-sector industry" management entities were certified by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs in South Korea from 2012-2017. Of these, 259 (18.5%) were in the forestry sector. In this study, the 259 forestry management entities were further classified into three phases based on sales distribution: entrance, development, and maturity. The entrance phase (<100 million KRW), development phase (>100 million and <1 billion KRW), and maturity phase (>1 billion KRW) constituted 33.2%, 55.4%, and 12.4% of the total 259 entities, respectively. The results showed that most of the management entities were either in the entrance or development phases, and only a small portion was in the maturity phase. To identify the key variables that affect each of the phases, chi-square analysis was used. We designed the "sixth-sector industry" type as an independent variable, whereas selected region, business organization, manager age group, forest product, processing type, and service type were designated as dependent variables. The results of the analysis showed that the processing and service types influenced all three developmental phases. Moreover, as the phase advanced, processing type showed a higher proportion of health-functional ingredients, such as powder or extract from forest products, which enable to develop and produce a variety of products. Service type also changed from simple experience to integrated experience tourism and finally to tourism education. Distribution and sales channel also turned out to be a significant factor during the development phase. This study provides the basic information needed to guide government support in the implementation of a formal forestry business through convergence as well as to increase the efficiency of business management.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.577-580
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to make a database model for financial feasibility study of buildings offered for sale which is helpful for improvement of business ability in construction and confidence of a project from a related participant. At first, we studied several thesis and met some professionalist which work for construction and did a first survey for examining latest situation of a feasibility study in construction. As a result, even though feasibility study is important, factors for information management wasn't systemized. So we did a second survey for fixing Factors of the database model. The database model was composed of the factors that we got from the second survey. ER(Entity-Relationship) analysis was used to making it. We expect thar we can get more reasonable information to study financial feasibility study and can diminish risks of project through the database model. So the result of this study was to make a database model for more reasonable financial feasibility study of building offered for sale.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.13-27
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• 2016

There are differences in preference according to the brand signal explicitness when selecting fashion luxury brand, and the purpose of this study is to verify the moderating effects of self-construal and implicit theory in relation to those preferences. This study divided the experiment design into two $2{\times}2$ mixed design studies: Study 1 and Study 2. The study 1 was composed of the following factors: brand signal explicitness(subtle vs. explicit signal) and self-construal(independent vs. interdependent self-construal). Study 2 was composed of the following factors: brand signal explicitness( subtle vs. explicit signal) and Implicit theory(entity vs. incremental theorist). Convenience sampling was conducted to find the subjects of study 1 and study 2. Study 1 analyzed data from 172 women in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do and Busan who prefer luxury brand, and study 2 used data from 138 women. The results of this study are as follows. 1) Independent self-construal primed group was shown to prefer subtle signal product to explicit signal product, whereas interdependent self-construal priming group preferred explicit signal product to subtle signal product. 2) The entity theorist to prefer explicit signal product to subtle signal product. On the other hand, the incremental theorist did not show significant difference in the preference between subtle and explicit signal products. Therefore, the results of the present study shown the importance of understanding consumers through the difference depending on consumer inclination and psychology, recommending preferred luxury brand according to the inclination of the target customers, and establishing segmented marketing strategy to captivate consumers with these various characteristics.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37B no.12
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• pp.1119-1127
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• 2012

The one of features of M2M communications, which are recently attracted attention as a future business of mobile communications, is that there is a large number of devices compared with traditional communication services. Hence, the control signal that are generated by the M2M devices may cause a significant congestion in the network and in order to solve this problem, a standardization is progressing for reducing the redundant signaling by managing M2M devices as a group in 3GPP standardization. In this paper, we propose a method of group based mobility management by managing M2M devices that have the same mobility as a group. In the proposed method, M2M devices that have the same mobility are grouped by the Mobility Management Entity (MME) and the MME elects a group header among the M2M devices in the group. Then, the group header performs the Tracking Area Update (TAU) on behalf of the group members to reduce the signaling overhead of mobility management. With the proposed method, we can achieve 80% decrease of the signaling overhead of mobility management compared with the case where each M2M device individually performs its TAU procedure.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.14D no.5
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• pp.509-516
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• 2007

The demand for Web applications that un on databases has been rapidly increased in every area including business. Comparing to this growing demand, it still takes much time to write and maintain Web applications. In this paper, we introduce the Web script generator, WebGen that generates the Web forms as application interface and the Web scripts that process the queries by the forms operating with a database. WebGen generates five Web scripts(Search, Select, Edit, Information, and Action) from built-in templates that are the frames for those scripts by applying the declarative contents of a user-written configuration file. Each script except the Action script generates a corresponding form as user interface. Therefore, WebGen enhances Web application productivity by reducing the development time and effort for Web applications. Unlike the commercial Web script generators, WebGen supports easy version management because it is based on independent templates. Moreover, a WebGen-generated form includes not only the interested entity but also the entities that are related directly and indirectly with the interested entity.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.105-119
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the organizational politics, resistance change, turnover intention, and organizational commitment of organizational members during mergers and acquisitions. Recently, many companies are interested in mergers and acquisitions for business diversification and market extension. A merger is a legal consolidation of two entities into one, whereas an acquisition occurs when one entity takes ownership of another entity's stock, equity interests, or assets. This research model establishes a structural equation model. This model is set in a causal relationship between manager's organizational politics, peer organizational politics, and change resistance and the change resistance has a causal relationship of turnover and tissue immersion. In particular, this study will test different of organizational politics by position. Research results, the organizational politics of managers and colleagues have shown increasing change resistance. The change resistance has resulted in a reduction of organizational commitment and an increase of turnover intention. Next, the position analysis showed that top management level, middle management level, and working-level officials showed different organizational politics. The working-level officials are influenced by their manager politics and are influenced in organizational commitment and turnover intention by change resistance. The middle manager level is influenced by the organizational politics of bosses and colleagues, and organizational commitment is weakened by change resistance. The CEO level is not affected by organizational politics in the company, but the turnover intention is strengthened and the organizational commitment is weakened by the change resistance. This study has contributed to further updating the theory of organizational politics based on mergers and acquisitions. As a practical implication, we suggest an organizational integration strategy for a new organization.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.205-224
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• 2020

Purpose - This study aimed to identify the effects of ownership structures on agency costs in internationally diversified firms listed on the KOSDAQ market. Design/methodology/approach - A total of 5,824 samples were finally selected and empirically analyzed for a total of nine years from 2011 to 2019, during which the International Accounting Standards had been mandatory for firms listed on the KOSDAQ market. Findings - The results of this study showed that the effects of ownership structures on the ratio of asset turnover are positive for the major share and foreign equity ratios of international diversified firms. Moreover, by selecting the ratio of entertainment expenses as a proxy for agency expenses, this study confirmed that the effects of the ownership structure of an international diversified entity on entertainment expenditure were determined to show a significantly negative relation to entertainment expenditure, thus indicating that the higher the ratio of major shareholders, the more appropriately control the expenditure of entertainment expenses through arbitrary private deviations of the management.Furthermore, considering the effect of the ownership structure on the expenditure of sales and administrative expenses as a proxy variable for agency costs, this study verified that the majority share ratio of international diversified firms was negative to the expenditure of sales and administrative expenses, confirming that the higher the share of major shareholders, the lower the selling and administrative costs, but insignificant.Finally, as a result of determining whether the ownership structure of an international diversified firm affects the holding of free cash, the majority share of this firm shows a significantly negative relation to the ratio of the holding of surplus cash, indicating that the higher the proportion of major shareholders, the more appropriately control the holding of the entity's free cash through arbitrary private deviance by the manager. Research implications or Originality - Major shareholders of an internationally diversified firm listed on the KOSDAQ market play a positive role in the firm's performance by properly controlling agency costs that may be incurred by the management.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.60
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• pp.177-194
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• 2013

According to the 2013 statistics, the small/medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) accounted for 99.9% of the Korean economy with 87.8% of employment. This simple figures also indicate SMEs export extension is a key task for the national economy stimulation and job creation. The SMEs export plunge has been affected by the European financial turbulence, US financial instability, developing countries like China entering foreign markets, a weak yen, etc. EXIM Bank, in this context, will need to take a more proactive attitude to provide trade finance by, for example, reviewing the business feasibility for SMEs with a lower credit rank or investigating importers' credit status, etc. Moreover EXIM Bank provides factoring service mostly to large companies and should lower its threshold for service provision to SMEs. Finally EXIM Bank should play more than a primary forfeiting market entity. It also needs to facilitate the secondary forfeiting market.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

Recent scandals of milk additives in several developing countries provoked controversy about quality issue of dairy products, grapping academic attention to the dairy supply chain. In this paper, we first focus on moral hazard problem of self-interested entities about the quality across the dairy supply chain, due to unobservable and unverifiable quality management efforts of all entities - including dairy producers, stations, and a final producer - and high inspection cost for the quality. Based on the identified moral hazard problem, we understand why the adoption of IoT-based tracking systems about quality produced from each entity is a must, different from RFID-based tracking systems.