• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1929-1941
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• 2014

Now a days, frequency of abnormally high temperatures like heat wave by global warming and climate change is increasing constantly and the number of patient with heat related illness are jumping rapidly. In this study, we chose the case day for the heat wave in Busan area(Busan and Yangsan), 2013 which it was the most hottest year during 21th century. And then, we analysed the weather condition using automatic synoptic observing system(ASOS) data. Also, four indices, heat index(HI), wet bulb globe temperature(WBGT), Man-ENvironment heat EXchange model(MENEX)'s results like Physiological subjective temperature(PST), Physiological strain(PhS), were calculated to evaluate the thermal comfort and stress quantitatively. However, thermal comfort was different as the each station and thermal comfort index during same time. Busan's thermal indices (HI: hot, WBGT: sweltering, PST: very hot, PhS: very hot) indicated relatively higher than Yansan's (HI: very hot, WBGT: sweltering, PST: very hot, PhS: sweltering). It shows that Busan near coast is relatively more comfortable than Yangsan located in inland.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.4 s.139
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• pp.276-282
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• 2004

This study has been conducted to investigate the amount of residual sulfur dioxide for herbal medicines of 30 species which are purchased in 13 different regions (Bonghwa, Busan, Chunju, Jecheun, Kwangiu, Keumsan, Seoul, Taeku, Cheungdu, Xian, Beijing, Tokyo and Osaka). The sulfur dioxide residues were determined in the collected 386 samples by the modified Monier-Williams method. The residues of sulfur dioxide in 386 samples ranged from ND (under detection limit) to 2808 ppm. The sulfur dioxide in Cassiae Semon, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Cervi Cornu, Hoelen, Crataegi Fructus, Artemisiae Argyi Herba, Scolopendrae Corpus, Schizandrae Fructus and Cyperi Rhizoma were detected under the detection limit regardless of the collected regions. The sulfur dioxide residues in herbal medicines collected in domestic regions were relatively lower than those in foreign regions. There are no standards for sulfur dioxide residual limits of herbal medicines in Korea. This results will provide the scientific basis for the standardization of sulfur dioxide residues in Korea Pharmacopoeia.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2015

The emissions of ozone precursors, NOx and VOCs from a biogenic source and port-related sources (ship, shipping container truck, and cargo handling equipment) were estimated in Busan during 2013. Total biogenic isoprene emission in Busan during 2013 was estimated to be $4,434ton\;yr^{-1}$ with the highest emission (e.g., $28ton\;day^{-1}$) in summer using a BEIS method. Seasonal ozone production rates by isoprene ranged from 0.15 (winter) to 2.08 (summer) $ppb\;hr^{-1}$, contributing the predominant portion to ambient ozone levels. Total emissions of NOx and VOCs from ship traversing Busan ports were estimated to be 29,537 and $814ton\;yr^{-1}$, respectively, showing the significant contribution to total NOx emission in Busan. The emissions of ozone precursors were significantly different depending on ship tonnage and port location. Compared to the ship emission, the emissions of NOx and VOCs from the shipping container trucks in Busan were insignificant (2.9% for NOx and 3.9% for VOCs). Total NOx and VOCs emissions from the cargo handling equipment were estimated to be 1,440 and $133ton\;yr^{-1}$, respectively with the predominance of yard tractors.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.533-544
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze how the commuting areas in the Busan metropolitan area have been changed during 2000~2010. For this purpose, I set the boundary of the Busan metropolitan area by using linkage indicators, and analyzed the changes of the commuting areas by using factor analysis. The commuting areas in the area were divided into four subregions, including East Busan, West Busan, Gimhae/Changwon, and Ulsan. The commuting area of West Busan has been shrinking, and the commuting network structure between Gangseo-gu/Buk-gu/Sasang-gu and their geographically adjacent Gimhae/Changwon has been gradually strengthened. This has resulted from the increase of reverse commuting from West Busan to Gimhae/Changwon. Ulsan has formed an independent commuting area in the area.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1503-1510
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• 2014

This study will examine the consolidation that is occurring in the shipping industry and its effects on Busan's status as a key transshipment hub in Southeast Asia as well as what measures the port must implement to attract transshipment traffic. With this in mind heading forward, trends in transshipment cargo, problems facing the port, as well as the current status of transshipment volumes at the Port of Busan must be fully understood so that thorough research can be done into appropriate measures to stimulate growth and attract cargo traffic. In this study, We analyze the current problems and status of transshipment cargo at Busan Port and factors affecting the competitiveness of transshipment cargo at Busan New Port, Korea's key import/export gateway, have been examined. We show the Strategies to Attract Transshipment Cargo at the Busan New Port which is to become a an optimal transshipment port, a port's internal environment including the scale and location of its hinterland, facilities and tariffs as well as the external environment including global networks and logistics IT management must be carefully considered as they are all key actors affecting cargo volumes.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.581-591
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of fine particles concentration and meteorological parameters, and long range transport of wintertime Asian dust at Busan. Also we studied occurrence frequency and tendency of wintertime Asian dust from 1961 to 2010 in Korea. Asian dust occurred most frequently in the spring, the next to winter in Korea. Wintertime Asian dust is steadily increasing recently. Asian dust in Busan was the most occurred in 2001 with 21 days, followed by 12 days in 2002, and 10 days in 2006. The annual mean frequency during the past 12 years(1999~2010) was 7.5 days, and it was two times more than that during the past 50 years(3.8 days). Wintertime Asian dust in Busan has occurred 6 episodes since 2008, and it all occurred in December except for 20 Feb. 2009. The highest concentration of wintertime Asian dust was recorded mostly at Hakjangdong and Jangrimdong which are industrial area. Maintenance time of Asian dust at Busan was from 1hr 30min to 9hr 20min, it was shorter than in the spring. It took from 10 to 15 hours move to Busan after Asian dust was first detected in Korea. Wintertime Asian dust originated from Gobi desert in Mongolia and inner Mongolia near China, except for 9 Dec. 2008 at Busan.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.807-817
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• 2015

In this study the urban atmospheric environment map in Busan was made and it consist of the atmospheric environment element map and the atmospheric environment analysis map. The atmospheric environment element map covered the topography, the urban climate, the air pollutant emission, ozone and PM10 concentrations in Busan and the atmospheric environment analysis map included the thermal environment and the wind flow by using WRF meteorological numerical simulation. The meteorological elements from 2007 to 2011 in Busan were used in this study. As a result, in the center of Busan and Buk-gu along to the Nakdong river was the temperature high. To analyze the air flow of Busan 3 clusters depending on the wind direction were extracted with the cluster analysis. The results of the analysis on the detailed wind field of each cluster showed that the weak ventilation could be happened locally at the specific meteorological condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Busan Ocean Industry Expo on ocean related industries and Busan regional economy. The study analyzed the effects of the various projects related to Busan Ocean Industry Expo and answered the question of how to link the effects to development of ocean related industries as well as the economic activation of Busan area. To attain this goal, first of all, this study attempted to analyze status of ocean related industries, characteristics of existing exposition and opinion of enterprises. To maximize the above positive effects of Busan Ocean Industry Expo, several strategic alternatives were suggested.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.311-321
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• 2007

We have investigated coarse wind sectors in Busan metropolitan area and simulated detailed wind field using local atmospheric circulation model, RAMS in preceding studies (Part I, Part II). In this study, we divided and analyzed local wind sector in Busan according to the preceding results. We found that Busan metropolitan area is divided into 2 or 3 local wind sector in each coarse wind sector. The 9 coarse wind sectors were classified into 20 local wind sectors in total. But three local wind sectors were finally excluded because of these sectors were located on the complex hill area and the sea. Local wind sectors, therefore, in Busan metropolitan area were defined as 17 regimes. We assessed the location of air qualify monitoring sites at Busan metropolitan area using the information of these wind sectors. Most of these were located at proper points, but 6 sites were placed at 3 local wind sectors as a couple and no site was set up at 3 other sectors. Hence the location of these sites was in need of rearrange.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.51 no.10
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• pp.506-510
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• 2002

In this paper, we study on the mutual characteristics between transmitting efficiency of pulse energy and wall plug consumed power of non-thermal Plasma for removing environmental pollutive gas of coal plant. To obtain high pulse energy of our system, we used MPC(magnetic pulse compressor) of power switch and tested their characteristics by adjusting electrode length of reactor and charging voltage in capacitor. As a result, we obtained consumed power of wall plug and a compressed pulse of voltage 110kV, rising time 500ns. Impedance of load on increasing electrode length was decreased, but electrical efficiency was increased. These results indicate we can control critical voltage of pulse corona and electrical efficiency of economic cost in power plant.