• Title/Summary/Keyword: burley

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Spectrometric determination of Nicotine alkaloid with barbituric acid buffer (바르비트릭산 완충액에 의한 니코틴 알카로이드의 비색 정량)

  • 김신일;김찬호
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.14-19
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    • 1980
  • The spectrophotometric determination of nictotine content with barbituric acid buffer solution was carry out. Absorption maximum for the proposed solution appeared at 505 nm and the absorbance remained stable for 15 minute at pH 4.2. Lambert-Beer law was proved to be applicable in the range of nicotine concentration of $7.5\mu{g}/ml$~$25\mu{g}/ml$. According to the analysis of nicotine contents in Burley and Flue-cured tobacco leaves by this method, the relative deviation was obtained to be 2.8% in comparision with the Griffith method.

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Changes of Tobacco Smoke Components by Adding Oriental, Reconstituted, and Expanded tobacco leaves (오리엔트엽, 판상엽, 팽화엽 첨가에 따른 담배 연기성분 변화)

  • 황건중;이문수;나도영;이윤환
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.113-120
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    • 2002
  • This study was conducted to determine the smoke component changes by adding oriental, reconstituted, and expanded tobacco leaves. 7 different cigarette brands which were mixed with flue-cured, burley, oriental, reconstituted and expanded tobacco leaves were used for this study. 64 kinds of smoke components which were 6 of general components, 34 of semi-volatile and volatile components, 9 of acid components, and 15 of phenolic components were analyzed. All smoke components of mainstream smoke were changed by the different branding. As Tar, nicotine, ammonia, pH, all of acid compounds(except lacatic and glycolic acid) were decreased; HCN, levoglucosame, 4-vinyl phenol, 4-vinyl catechol, quinic acid-r-lactone, acetaldehyde, 2,3-butadiene, stylene were increased by adding oriental tobacco leaves. When the reconstituted tobaccos were added to 20%, the concentration of nicotine, all of acid compounds(except lactic. glycolic, palmitic acid) and all of phenol compounds were reduced; the concentration of ammonia, HNC, CO, aeconitrile, benzene, 2-butanone, moth-acrolene, butyronitrile, stylene, o-xylene were increased. As decreasing ammonia, pH, nicotine, all of acid compounds, all of phenol compounds, Isoprene, acetonitrile, 2-methyl-2-butene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2-nlethyl furane, ethylene cyclopentanone, ethyl bezene; increasing CO concentration were followed by adding expanded tobacco leaves.

The Analysis of Neutral Volatile Flavor Compounds in Tobacco (잎담배 중 neutral volatile flavor 화합물 분석)

  • Lee, Jeong-Min;Lee, Jang-Mi;Jang, Gi-Chul;Kim, Hyo-Keun;Hwang, Keon-Joong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.85-94
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    • 2009
  • This work has been conducted to develop a method for the analysis of neutral volatile flavors and their precursors in tobacco. The neutral volatile compounds and precursors in tobaccos have been investigated by Neutral Volatile scan method(NV scan) using Soxhlet extractor. The method has been used to analyze a range of different tobaccos and tobacco products. Neutral flavor compounds were classified as three sections(1st Volatile Fraction, Breakdown Flavor Products and Cembranoid Precursors). The major components of the First Volatile Fraction were 2-cyclohexene-1-one, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, limonene and phenyl ethanol. The major components of Breakdown Flavor Products were isophorone, solanone, damascenone, 3-hydroxy-$\beta$-damascone, geranyl acetone, $\beta$-ionone, dihydroactinidiolide, norsolanadione, neophytadiene, hexahydrofarnesylacetone, farnesyl acetone and megastigmatrienone. The major cembranoid precursor compounds were dibutyl phthalate, duvatrenediols, 8,12-epoxy-14-labden-13-ol, 11-hydroperoxy-2,7,12(20)-cembratriene-4,6-diol, 12,15-epoxy-12,14-labadien-8-ol, 2,7,11-cembratrien-4,6-diol and 8,13-epoxy-14-labdien-12-ol. The NV scna results of tobacco types(flue-cured, burley and oriental) showed that each tobacco type has a characteristic flavor component profile.

Changes in Physical and Mechanical Properties of Freon-Adsorbed and Heat - Treated Leaf Tobacco (Freon Gas흡착 및 열처리에 의한 담배조직의 물리적, 역학적 특성변화연구)

  • Kim, Ki-Hwan;Yoo, Kwang-Kun;Joo, Young-Serg
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.39-49
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    • 1984
  • In the tobacco industry, it is important to study the change of mechanical property occurring the expansion process. The purpose of this study is to attain basic data for development of a tobacco expansion method. 1 . Freon gas was adsorbed to tobacco under various conditions of temperature, relative humidity and pressure, and then the amount of freon gas adsorbed was analyzed by GC. Freon adsorption rate of Burley 21 was more than that of By104 at the same condition and about 17 $\pm$ 1% moisture content produced better adsorption rate. 2. Freon adsorbed sample were heated to about $150^{circ}C\;to\;230^{\circ}C$ in a drying oven and recycle duct form about 2 to 30 seconds, and then the change of mechanical property were measured. Heated leaf was damaged when the tissue was pressed by the force of above $0.5x10^8dyn/cm^2$. The optimum condition of no damage of the sample was below the temperature of 15$0^{\circ}C$ and heating time of 10 seconds. It was more economically advantages to treated sample in a recycle duct than to be in a drying oven. By this process, the specific volume of the heated sample was increased from 80 to 110 percent in comparison to that of untreated sample.

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Variation of Agronomic Characters in Burley Tobacco Cultivars according to Plant Density and Fertilizer Levels I. The Effect of Plant Density on Plant Type (Burley종 담배의 품종별 재식밀도 및 시비량에 따른 주요 형질의 변화 제1 보. 재식밀도에 따른 초형 변화)

  • 구한서
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.34-42
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    • 1994
  • Experiments on the variability of plant type and factors representing the productivity and quality of the cultivars were subsequently carried out in relation to different plant density. Results are summarized as below. The higher was the plant density, the greater was the plant height and mean leaf inclination(MLI). As the plant density increased, the horizontal leaf area distribution became greater in proximal to the stem in NTN 77 and Br.49 but evenly in distal part in Br.21. Meanwhile, in terms of vertical leaf area distribution, it was decreased much more in middle and lower leaves than in upper in NTN 77 and Br.49 although it steadily decreased in any part of the plant in Br.21. Br.49 was the largest but Br.21 and NTN 77 were similar with respect to both CGR and NAR. The yield was greater in larger MLI cultivars(NTN 77>Br.49>Br.21). These three characteristics became greater when the tobacco were planted more densely in the field. Dry leaf weight and dry matter weight per plant were heavier in the larger MLI and increased with lower plant density. Total nitrogen content was greater in lower plant density and larger MLI cultivar. The plant density increases filling power seems to be enhanced regardless to the plant type. There was no discernible tendency on combustibility according to the plant density or plant type.

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Morphological Characteristics of the Green Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera : Aphididae) Occurring in Tobacco Fields and Its Experimental Transmission of Potato Virus Y (담배 재배 포장에서 발생하는 복숭아혹진딧물의 형태적 특징 및 감자 바이러스 Y의 실험적 전염)

  • 채순용;김영호;김상석;박은경
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.49-56
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    • 1995
  • Morphology, chromosome and transmission of potato virus Y(PVY) of the green peach aphid populations collected from tobacco fields were examined. Based on the morphological characteristics, especially values of linear discriminant functions and length of ultimate rostral segment, 8 green peach aphid clones with different color morphs could be divided into two groups, namely Myzus persicae and M. nicotianae, according to the proposal by Blackman in 1987. The red (RED)-, Brown (BRN)- and green-colored (GR1, GR2) aphid clones belonged to the M. nicotianae type, while the pale green (PG1, PG2, PG3) and dark brown (DBR) clones to the M. persicae type. The karyotype of the pale green-colored clone (PG1, M. persicae type) appeared normal and was 2n=12 with no indication of chromosomal translocation. On the contrary, in the green-colored aphid clone (GR1, M. nicotianae type), translocation and dissociation of autosome 3 were often found, having karyotype of 2n=13. Both of the above aphid clones transmitted PVY-VN to tabacco plants (cv. Burley 21), but the GR1 clone had higher transmissibility than the PG1 clone.

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Method for expanding tobacco leaves with steam at high temperature and velocity (고온 증기를 이용한 잎담배의 팽화연구)

  • 김병구;김기환;정한주;유광근;이태호
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.68-78
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    • 1995
  • A study of expanding tobacco includes the steps of adjusting the moisture content of cut tobacco, without the use of exogenous impregnants by contacting the filler with a high velocity gaseous medium at elevated temperature such that heat is rapidly and substantially uniformly transferred from the medium to the filler for a total contact time sufficient to expand the tobacco leaves. Study is disclosed for drying and expanding cut tobacco by introducing the tobacco into an elongated tubular shaped conduit through which steam high temperature 150-35$0^{\circ}C$ and high velocity above the 18m1sec, super steam is recycled. moisture content of shreded tobacco leaves, immediately before treatment within the range of from 10% to 24% and, most preferably, within the range of from 18% to 21%. Expanding rate showed 70% in NC -82(B.3) and 42% in Burley -21(B.1) which is produced in 1993 under this condition. When expanding tobacco expanded tobacco did not change significally, but they were decreased at 27$0^{\circ}C$ very largely. The curtailment of cost price and physical and chemical properties of various items were improved in cigarettes. Key words : Expanding tobacco, Super steam tobacco expansion, Fast drying tobacco, High temperature treat tobacco, Puffing tobacco.

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Mathematical Analysis of Growth of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) II. A New Model for Growth Curve (담배의 생장반응에 관한 수리해석적 연구 제2보 담배생장곡선의 신모형에 관하여)

  • Kim, Y.A.;Ban, Y.S.
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.84-86
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    • 1982
  • The experiment was conducted with three varieties (Hicks, Burley 21, and Sohyang) and cultivation type (Improved mulching, general mulching, and non mulching) of NC 2326 to model to curve of tabacco growth against time. The basic growth data were obtained by harvest method at intervals of ten days from transplanting at 7-8 times and analyzed by polynomial regression, orthogonal polynomial, and logarithmic transformation. It is shown that the C model of growth curve: T = A +$\sqrt{(1.4 AK + K)}$2K provides an excellent fit.

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Sucker Control Effect of Decyl Alcohol and Butralin Emulsifiable Concentrate in Tobacco Plants (데실알콜유제와 부트랄린유제의 담배 곁순억제효과)

  • Kim Ki-Whang;Jeong Hun-Chae;Kim Yong-Yeon;Lee Mee-Kyoung;Yu Yun-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.27 no.1 s.53
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    • pp.5-10
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    • 2005
  • Studies on effect of Decyl alcohol EC and Butralin EC on tobacco sucker control were conducted in the tobacco field of Agro-tech Research Group of KT&G Central Research Institute, in 2004. Control effects of two chemicals were highest at the sucker length of 1$1\~2cm$. This indicates that the first application of Decyl alcohol should be conducted before button stage in the flue-cured and at the button stage in the burley tobacco. Effects of Decyl alcohol and Butralin on sucker control were $89.6\%\;and\;90.7\%$, respectively at 14 days after application in the variety KF118. But that of sequential application of two chemicals was $81.9\%$ at 30 days after application in the variety KF118 and $86.1\%$ in the variety KB303. Effect of two applications of Yellow ribbon or Butralin was highest in two varieties. The central downward spray showed a little higher control effect than the pouring of two chemicals. There was not significant difference of sucker control effect between forty and fifty times solution of Decyl alcohol in the variety KB303.

Multivariate Analysis among Leaf/Smoke Components and Sensory Properties about Tobacco Leaves Blending Ratio

  • Lee Seung-Yong;Lee Whan-Woo;Lee Kyung-Ku;Kim Young-Hoh
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.27 no.1 s.53
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    • pp.141-152
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    • 2005
  • This study focused on the relationships among leaf and smoke components and sensory properties following tobacco leaf blending. A completely randomized experimental design was used to evaluate components of leaf and smoke and sensory properties for sample cigarettes with four mixtures of flue cured and burley tobacco (40:60, 60:40, 80:20 and 100:0). Eleven leaf components, six smoke components, and eight sensory properties of smoking taste were analyzed. A sensory evaluation method known as quantitative descriptive analysis was used to evaluate perceptual strength on a fifteen score scale. Raw data from ten trained panelists were obtained and statistically analyzed. Based on the MANOVA, clustering analysis, correlation matrix and partial least square (PLS) method were applied to find out which smoke component most affected sensory properties. The PLS method was used to remove the influence between explanatory variables in the leaf, smoke components derived from the results. High correlations (p<0.0l) were found among ten specific leaf and smoke components and sensory attributes. Total nitrogen, ammonia, total volatile base, and nitrate in the leaf were significantly correlated (p<0.05) with impact, bitterness, tobacco taste, irritation, smoke volume, and smoke pungency. From the results of PLS analysis, influence variables are used to explain about the correlation. In terms of bitterness, with only two explanatory variables, Leaf $NO_3$ and Leaf crude fiber were enough for guessing their correlation. In the distance weighted least square fitting analysis, carbon monoxide highly influenced bitterness, hay like taste, and smoke volume.