• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.37
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• pp.109-130
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• 2014

In 1920s, Russian society was unstable and tremendous. After the 1917 Revolution, Russian government had initiated "New Economic Policy" embedded in a partial market system in these times. Also, Russian culture had been exposed to a new trend of culture, for instance, Russian Modernism. In the field of Russian literature, satirical comedy became very popular. One of famous satirical comedy writers was V. Mayakovsky who was trying to express his ideal society which consisted of both tensions and harmonies between the old and the new periods. In this context, V. Mayakovsky was recognized as a poet with futurism who loved to write a comedy expressing social suburbanity and governmental bureaucracy. His two comedies, "Bug" and "Bath" were his famous comedies, dealing with Russian modernistic historics and theatricality in 1920s. In this article, authors try to look into their artistic characteristics of 1920s Russian literature involving a new trend of social change, for instance, Grotesque and Tragicomic features. In the same context, this article focused on its inner dilemma of satirical comedy which had been existed in 1920s Russian literature.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.23
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• pp.153-192
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• 2014

This article's purpose is to overcome the inadequacy of deliberative democracy for communication on the basis of Haewonsangsaeng. The inadequacy of deliberative democracy for communication is presented as the following two. First, as deliberative democracy treats civic virtue as instrumental thing, deliberative democracy is still in moral solipsism. Second, as deliberative democracy doesn't consider 'the inequality of power' among diverse political positions, the project of deliberative democracy for communication ends up in the exposure of the inequality of power among diverse political positions. Sangsaeng in Haewonsangsaeng concerned with inter-relationship over individualism treats civic virtue as original motility. In this context, Sangsaeng in Haewonsangsaeng is the alternative notion to overcome the first inadequacy of deliberative democracy for communication. Haewon in Haewonsangsaengas is the condition for Sangsaeng. and Haewon's method is to exclude or to eliminate the structural frame of Sanggeuk meaning mutual conflict and antagonism. This article presents two structural frame of Sanggeuk. First, First structural obstacle as internal obstacle is suggested through analyzing pluralism on the basis of existential philosophy. The result of the analysis is the 'antagonism' between the hegemonical value and the peripheral value. Second structural obstacle as external obstacle is the extinction of public sphere caused by the growth of market and the expansion of bureaucracy.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.65-84
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• 2014

Asia-Pacific Confucian Capitalism is comparable to Atlantic Protestant Capitalism in terms of economic success, as most economies influenced by Confucian culture in East Asia and Southeast Asia are economically well-off in the past 50 years, save for Vietnam. This paper seeks to determine whether Vietnam can follow the path of development of the other Confucian economies, especially in the context of globalization and upcoming regional integration. In the paper, I will use an analytic framework derived from Weber and Huntington to examine the cultural dimension of Vietnam's economic development. In the domestic field, I argue that the core values of Confucianism continue to contribute to the development in Vietnam in many ways; yet one critical element needs to be tapped: the political culture of strong leadership and efficient bureaucracy. Confucian values for development may be compromised by pushing for democratization too early in Vietnam. On a positive note, Confucianism for Vietnam is instrumental in its regional integration into Southeast Asia since it is integrative rather than exclusive. Vietnam's cultural similarity with China may however lead to too much passive learning and conflicts. In conclusion, Confucianism is a valuable asset for Vietnam's economic development, but challenges have to be addressed in order for Vietnam to become the next tiger.

• Journal of Daesoon Thought and the Religions of East Asia
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.87-108
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• 2023

From the time it was propagated to Vietnam until it was forced to relinquish its leadership position in both politics and philosophy, Confucianism in Vietnam was never orthodox Confucianism. This study employs the theory of invented tradition to examine how Confucianism penetrated the ethnic Vietnamese community at the turn of the first millennium and points out its vital requirement: the construction of a Chinese-style centralized administrative government based on Neo-Confucianism. This requirement unfolded during the Le So Dynasty in the fifteenth century. Moreover, the theory of invented tradition can also be applied to discover the motivation behind Neo-Confucianism's process of manufacturing orthodoxy to speed up the goal of Sinicization. Somehow, the launching of the imperial examination system, meant to fulfill a system of bureaucracy, ended up resolving one of the greatest challenges of medieval times. It is to seek the ruler's uncritical submission to the ruled. This article applies hauntology to analyze two forms of Confucianism discourse in Vietnam. In doing so, this study determined that Confucianism evolved into its own unique system of thought in Vietnam and in the end, was not even recognizable as Confucianism. Throughout Vietnam's turbulent history, Confucianism shifted from a symbol of progress to one of backwardness. This culminated Vietnam's preoccupation with the de-Sinicization during the early twenty-first century.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-80
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• 2000

In this paper We measured average earnings differentials between the government and the private sector, the degree of earnings inequality within each sector, and estimated net earnings differentials between the public and private sector in 1982, 1985, 1990, 1995 and 1998, respectively. According to our estimation results, the public servants in Korea are being more paid than the private sector on the average, and have been enjoying higher net wage premium after controlling variables such as education level, job experience and occupation, etc. In terms of earning inequality within each sector, the public sector was proven to have very narrow earnings differentials between the top and the bottom, compared to quite large differentials in the private sector. Wide recognition that the public servants' compensation is lower in Korea seems quite wrong. The problem to be resolved is the earnings standardization in the public sector and the strong trend toward more equality in recent years. We recommend that the wage gap between the higher rank and the lower rank should be extended, and employment flexibility within the lower positions or ranks of the bureaucracy should be enhanced.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.117-138
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• 2008

This study lies on building the International Standardization of China Arbitration System for improving a relationship of mutual trust and the safety trade between China and other worldwide countries, especially, South Korea as their one of the biggest trading partners through the comparative analysis of China and UNCITRAL Arbitration Law. In this analysis, the differences from China and UNCITRAL in arbitration law are like belows ; lack of arbitrator's international mind, the limitation of private property right, prohibition of Ad. hoc arbitration, arbitrator's biased nationalism, localism, and their short specialties. a deficiency of the objectiveness for arbitrator's election, a judgement rejection of claimants by using nonattendance and walkout, impossibility of prior and temporary property custody for execution of arbitration award. etc. For the improvement of the International Standardization of China Arbitration, this paper propose as follows: 1) Extension of private property right, reorganization of tax system, realization of open competition, exclusion of 'Sinocentrism', globalization of arbitration system 2) The abolition of old fashioned bureaucracy with approval for ad.hoc arbitration 3) An education for arbitrator's internationalization, specialty, and to promote legal knowledge 4) A settlement of the third country arbitrators' selection for reflecting interested party's decision by the court in a selection system of arbitration committee. 5) Institutionalization of arbitration judgment that prevent for claimant's avoidance by using a withdrawal and an intentional absent 6) A permission of the right of claimant's court custody directly before the begging of arbitration request for the prevention for destruction of evidence and property concealment 7) Grant of the arbitration tribunal's interim measures of protection for private property preservation to the third party, proof security, prevention from the loss that selling the corruptible goods 8) Improvement of arbitration's efficiency from the exclusion of the obstacles that are forgery, concealed evidence, and arbitrator's bribe taking Lastly, I hope that this study will serve to promote friendly economic relationship between China and South Korea and strive for international equilibrium through the achievement of China Arbitration's International Standardization. I will finish this paper with a firm belief that this will lead to more advanced studies.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.157-188
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• 2012

We study the relationship between the closedness of public service recruitment system and the corruption rampant between private firms and public servants. Empirically we test our claim that the closedness of public service recruitment system tends to heighten the corruption level of each country. Our results show that the closedness is positively correlated with bureaucracy corruption levels indexed by IMD, WEF, and World Bank.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2018

Understanding the purpose and results of a Korean Envoy's medical bureaucrat (attendant) travel to China. Unlike other Envoy's medical bureaucrats, envoy's trade made profits for those who participated. This article investigates the protocols of a Korean Envoy's medical attendant which include: (1) A prominent family member or high-ranking official does not participate in the Envoy's medical bureaucrat, either himself or his descendants. This denies the general theory that the medicinal material trade helped the economic status of medical officials. (2) Envoy's medical bureaucrat is a high percentage of interpreter bureaucrat in the households of father, mother, and wife. This suggests that the information about the envoy schedule and the benefit of the envoy may have been exposed in advance. This is related to the fact that the interpreter bureaucrat is the center of the envoy trade. (3) In the nineteenth century, envoy's medical bureaucrats were more frequent among close relatives, such as father-son relationship, than in the previous century. This study restored the lineage and purpose to the medical bureaucrat's travel to China, and provides a list of Envoy's medical bureaucrat through historical data, and analyzed the household and previous office. In this regard, it can be seen that some households, which are not dominant medical bureaucracies, have pursued profit through medicinal material trade. However, it is difficult to generalize to the whole of the medical bureaucracy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.7
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• pp.133-150
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• 2008

The study aimed to classify and analyze about the winter cap in the literature of the Joseon Period, as the period of using, synonyms, user, shape and materials. The following are the result of the study. 1. The winter caps can be classified into two kinds of group by times. The first ones have been used continuously during the whole Joseon Dynasty, for example, Nanmo(煖帽, 暖帽), Ieom(耳掩) and Pigyeon(披肩). These names are winter caps for the bureaucracy. The second ones have been used a part of the Joseon Period. Some of the names used in the first half of the Joseon Period, for example, Mogwan(毛冠), Chopigwan(貂皮冠), Chogwan(貂冠) and Seobokpigwan(鼠腹皮冠). The other names used in the latter half of the Joseon Period, for example, Noepo(腦包), Nanja(暖子), Jeomgyeon, Chageompi(遮?皮), Pimaho(皮馬虎), Wibo, Chipo, pungryeong(風領), Nani(煖耳), Hohang(護項), Hwihang(揮項), Manseonduri, Pungcha(風遮), Samsangeon(三山巾), Iwi(耳衣), Aekeom(額掩), Yangjeongeon(凉轉巾), Bolkki, Ayam and Guile. 2. Synonyms with connoting relationship in which one name perfectly connotes meaning of another name are Nanmo, Nani and Pigyen, Nanmo connotes Ieom, Chomo, Homo, Iwi and Hwihang. Nani connotes Hwihang, Hoieom and Pungcha. Pigyen connotes Hwihang and Ieom. In these cases, the range of the meaning of clothing terms can be confirmed since names with broad meaning connote names with narrow meaning. 3. Some names related with the other names, as the user, shape and materials, for example, Ieom, Hwihang and Pungcha.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.39-47
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• 2002

The government is propelling regulatory reform in priority that abrogate (8,121 an item in 14,186) improve (6,065 an item in 14,186) administrative regulation. But In spite of many regulatory reform results, successive diminution of regulatory reform is low because that modification of bureaucracy's execution don't support or a concerned group of gain and loss resists. In the future, regulatory reform must perform continuously promote. At the same time, the people, enterprises ＆ public service manage diversified a regulatory adaptation countermeasure. In this study, grasp the present condition at A Construction Permit Consent ＆ Use Admission Consent and would present the promotable method in analysis synthetically ＆ systematically about cognizance, recognition & observance of a administrative regulation.