• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.235-239
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• 2005

This study was conducted to test whether the transgenic cattle pass the transgene to their progeny through germ cells, and whether the transgene is expressed in the mammary gland of ransgenic cows. Two male ransgenic calves were born from IVF-derived embryos injected with bovine $\beta-casein/human$ lactoferrin fusion gene and then grew up to be reproducible. Semen was collected from a transgenic bull after 18 mon of age and then frozen. Bovine oocytes matured in vitro were fertilized with spermatozoa of the transgenic bull and cultured in $50\;{\mu}L$ drops of CRlaa medium supplemented with 3 mg/mL BSA. After 48 h of culture, cleaved embryos were determined for the presence of transgenes by DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Proportion of transgene positives among bovine embryos fertilized with sperm of the transgenic bull was $20.9\%$ (28/134). One of transgenic bulls did not produce transgenic sperm. Out of 34 calves produced from recipient heifers inseminated with semen of the other bull, 3 $(8.8\%)$ were transgenic animals (2 females and 1 male). Thus, one transgenic bull showed a low transmission frequency below Mendelian levels in both the IVF-derived embryos and his progeny. It was demonstrated by Southern blot that copy numbers of the transgene in the transgenic progeny enhanced about 1.8 times as compared to those of the founder bull The results demonstrate that the transgenic bull carrying human lactoferrin gene could pass his transgene to the progeny through germ cells, although he is a germ-line mosaic.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.257-264
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• 1999

The objective of this study was to estimate the possibility of use as a crude feed about Korean pine foliage. Foliage was fermented aerobic and anaerobic state. And then, it was fed Korean native bull 5 to 6 month old. Bulls were fed control (n=4), aerobic fermented (n=4) and anaerobic fermented (n=4) feed 30 percent of total ration. Bulls were examined with blood sample and body weight on day 0, 60, 120 and 180. There were no differences on complete blood cell count serum chemistry and incidence of disease among groups for experiment period. Also, electrolytes (Ca, Mg, P) balance were good condition. Experimental feed did not induced toxicosis in kidney and liver, Fermented foliage and leaves of Korean softwood were efficient crude feed in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Experimental feed induced growth of Korean native bull body weight in growing stage without retard. In addition to anaerobic fermented feed has a more higher growth rate than control feed. Our conclusion is that fermented softwood substitute some part of ration, minimum 30 percent, in growing stage of a Korean native bull.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.13.1-13.5
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• 2015

As an alternative to radioimmunoassay a simple and highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed and validated for androstenedione quantification in plasma of Karan Fries bulls using second antibody coating technique. The wells of the microtitreplate were coated with affinity-purified goat immunoglobulin (antirabbit IgG) that binds the hormone specific antibody. The EIA was performed to analyze androstenedione directly in $40{\mu}l$ of bull plasma. The androstenedione standards ranged from 0.20 to 200 pg/$40{\mu}l$/well and the sensitivity of the assay was 5 pg/ml plasma. Serially diluted bull plasma containing high endogenous androstenedione showed good parallelism with bovine androstenedione standard curve. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV) were found to be 8 and 9%, respectively. Peripheral plasma androstenedione concentrations determined in young and adult bull samples ranged between 104-990 pg/ml and 184-2040 pg/ml, respectively.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2019

We completely characterize the isomorphic class of those associative unitary rings whose elements are sums of four commuting idempotents. Our main theorem enlarges results due to Hirano-Tominaga (Bull. Austral. Math. Soc., 1988), Tang et al. (Lin. & Multilin. Algebra, 2019), Ying et al. (Can. Math. Bull., 2016) as well as results due to the author in (Alban. J. Math., 2018), (Gulf J. Math., 2018), (Bull. Iran. Math. Soc., 2018) and (Boll. Un. Mat. Ital., 2019).

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제33A권12호
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• pp.72-76
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• 1996

A CMP system is newly proposed and analyzed by a home-made computer progarm. The proposed system is possibly to lower bull's eye effects such that the planarity of a wafer surface using a CMP system can be drasitcally improved. The optimum conditions for a design of the proposed system are verified using the home-made simulation program. For the proposed CMP system with a 12" diameter of platen, the optimum design conditons are the 0.09", 0.10", 0.12", and 0.14", clearance from the platern edge for wafer diameters of 5", 6", 8", and 12", respectively. These clear distance such as 0.09", 0.10", 0.12", and 0.14" are optimum lengths of the sample wafers extended ffrom the platen edge. In other words, shorter orbital lengths result in lowering of Bull's eye effects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.117-120
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• 1998

Relationships of breeding values of sires for first lactation milk yield with pedigree information or indices were examined to identify the optimal criteria of selecting young dairy bulls for future use in artificial insemination (AI). Records of performance data on 1087 crossbred daughters (Holstein - Friesian, Jersey and Brown Swiss with Hariana) of 147 sires, generated at Livestock Production Research (Cattle and Buffaloes) Farm, IVRI, Izatnagar, U.P., during 1972 - 1995 were used to obtain the estimates of sire's breeding values (EBV) using the Best Linear Unbiased Prediction Procedures. The correlations between young bull's EBV and the dam's first lactation milk yield was non-significantly different from zero. However, the young bull's EBV was negatively and significantly related (r = - 0.275 ; P < 0.05) to the dam's best lactation milk yield, suggesting that the selection of young dairy bulls from high yielding elite dams is not a suitable criteria for genetic improvement. The correlations of sire's and paternal grandsire's EBV's with young bull's EBV were high and positive (0.532, 0.844; P < 0.01). The maternal grandsire's EBV was positively but non-significantly related to grandson's EBV. The pedigree index incorporating dam's milk records and sire's EBV's showed a negative and non-significant correlation with young bull's EBV. However, the correlation of a pedigree index $(I_3)$ combining information on sire's and paternal grand-sire's EBV's with young bull's EBV's was considerably high and positive (0.797; P < 0.01). The regression coefficients of young bull's EBV on pedigree index $I_3$, was higher than those on other pedigree information. These results revealed that there was no advantage in basing selection on dam's performance or maternal grand-sire's EBV and that sire's and paternal grandsire's EBV's were reliable pedigree information for selection of young dairy bulls for future use in AI.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.739-747
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• 2000

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of dimethyl-sulfoxise (DMSO, 0, 5, 50, 100 and $500{\mu}M$) on the motility and acrosome reaction of the frozen-thawed spermatozoa from 3 different bulls (Bull A, Band C). Also we evaluated the developmental capacity of bovine embryos fertilized in a medium containing DMSO at various concentrations. DMSO had negligible effects on the sperm motility and acrosome reaction in all three bulls. However, the development rates from 2 to 16 cells stage on the 3rd day after insemination with 50, 100 and $500{\mu}M$ DMSO in Bull-B, and up to the blastocyst stage fertilized with 5, 50, 100 and $500{\mu}M$ in Bull-A were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of control ($0{\mu}M$ DMSO) group from each bull. Furthermore, the rates of blastocysts per cleaved embryos of 5 to $500{\mu}M$ DMSO group in Bull-A and of 5 to $100{\mu}M$ DMSO in Bull-C were also significantly higher (p<0.05) than those for their $0{\mu}M$ groups, respectively. These results indicate that DMSO at micromol level used for in vitro fertilization might stimulate the development of embryos for some bulls.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.1909-1911
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• 2016

In this note we point out some mistakes in a recent paper by M. Nunokawa et al. [Bull. Korean Math. Soc. 53 (2016), no. 1, 215-225].

• 대한수학회보
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.845-848
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• 2023

Erratum/Addendum to the paper "Biisometric operators and biorthogonal sequences" [Bull. Korean Math. Soc. 56 (2019), No. 3, pp. 585-596].

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of growing stages of the Korean Native Striped Bull (KNSB) on the freezability and fertility of frozen-thawed semen. First, we investigated the total motility (TM) and progressive motility (PM) according to the diluent used for semen freezing. Second, we examined the effect of the age of KNSB on semen volume, TM and PM of fresh and frozen-thawed semen. Third, we examined the effect of frozen semen from the different age of KNSB on the $in-vitro$ fertilization rate, and the artificial insemination pregnancy rate. The diluents used in this experiment were Triladyl$^{(R)}$ and Tris-egg yolk extender (EYE). Semen was collected from 5 KNSB in the growing stage (15 months) and 5 adult KNSB (36 months). When Triladyl or Tris-EYE extender was used for semen freezing, there was no difference of the mean TM and the mean PM. However, the mean TM was significantly higher in Bull No. 1885 than Bull No. 4283 ($p$ <0.05). The mean volume of semen collected from the 15-month-old bulls (2.3 ml) was significantly lower ($p$ <0.05) than that from the 36-month-old bulls (5.0 ml). The mean semen concentration was similar for the 15-month-old ($2.1{\times}10^9$ spermatozoa/ml) and 36-month-old ($1.8{\times}10^9$ spermatozoa/ml) bulls. For the 15-month-old and 36-month-old bulls, the mean TM of fresh semen were 93.7% and 88.3%, respectively, and the mean PM were 97.0% and 88.3%, respectively; the 15-month-old bulls showed a particularly high PM ($p$ <0.05). For the 15-month-old and 36-month-old bulls, the mean TM (56.0% and 58.0%, respectively) and the mean PM (64.0% and 70.7%, respectively) of frozen-thawed semen did not differ. The development rates of embryos after $in-vitro$ fertilization and the pregnancy rate after artificial insemination using frozen-thawed semen did not differ according to the bull's age. In summary, semen volume differed according to the bull's age, but semen concentration and survival rate, the $in-vitro$ fertilization rate, and the pregnancy rate did not differ according to the stripe bull's age. Accordingly, semen from bulls in the growing stage can be collected and frozen for the preservation and multiplication of rare livestock.