• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.40
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• pp.86-93
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• 2003

Korean traditionally prefer a house with a southern exposure to other styles. Moreover, pretty part of dwelling style in Korea is apartment building. But generally, there are much more north oriented rooms than opposite one in apartment. Generally, most Korean tends to consider the direction of the room as an important factor to decide the arrangement of their furniture. Also, the location of window, door, bed, and closet can affect on the decision-making process of furniture layout. So, the closet position should be determined by not only window direction and door position, but also the furniture arrangement preference of residents. After considering the window and door position, there are 16 alternatives in a room. (Multiplied 4 window directions by 4 door positions under the assumption that the window and the door cannot be on the same side of the wall.) Also, this study analyzed each room style ratio considering the symmetry of each plan by comparing the apartment building plan. This paper studied the bedroom style by analyzing the 180 apartment building plans and survey of furniture layout; the furniture in this study represents bed and desk those are mainly laid in Korean bedroom. Finally, this paper suggested the methodology to find optimal alternatives of furniture and closet layout for high-rise apartment residents, based on the door and window position, and the furniture layout preference of residents.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.493-514
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• 2002

Seven hip roof building models for $10^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$, $25^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $35^{\circ}$ and $40^{\circ}$ roof pitch with large overhangs of 1.1 m were tested in a wind tunnel at the university of Roorkee, India to investigate wind pressure distributions over hip roofs for various roof pitch and wind direction. The results show that the roof pitch and wind direction do significantly affect the magnitude and distribution of the roof pressures. The $40^{\circ}$ roof pitch has been found to experience the highest peak suctions at the roof corners amongst the seven hip roofs tested. Pressures on $15^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ hip roofs are comparable with those reported by Xu and Reardon (1998). Meecham et al. (1991) for $18.4^{\circ}$ hip roof is compatible with $15^{\circ}$ hip roof of the present study. Holmes's works (1994) on gable roof have also been compared with the present work. Zoning for codification has also been attempted since IS875 (Part-3) does not include this information. A comparison for design value has also been made with BRE Report No. 346.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2014

This study focuses on the analysis of the cooling and heating load in accordance with apartment houses arrangement type using Ecotect Analysis. Korea have to reduce energy consumption part of building except in industry and transport because the rate of dependence on imports amounts to 94%, Apartment houses built in various forms in order to reduce energy are modelled in each window area ratio, shape, orientation, and climate through simulation. Through this study, we can analyze the cooling and heating load by form, window area ratio, orientation, and climate change and know the optimal elements by the form. In particular, although there have been done research on the window area ratio and the arrangement form, the research of the regional climate characteristics and the direction are hardly carried out. To supplement those problem, adding to seven direction and climatic element of southern region is characteristic(L Type, Y Type, - Type) of this study. The form of apartment houses built 10 years ago is modelled for simulation.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.3-12
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze City squares in Europe according to Biophilic Design elements to apply domestic Indoor Squares in Mixed-use building for relaxation. This study seeks to present a direction for designing an indoor square that uses the aspects of European city square. The following details consist the purpose of the study. First, Perspective from the Biophilic design and analyzing criteria of Europe city square. Second, European city square is analyzed to establish the criteria to be applied to indoor square. Third, based on European city square analysis, the planning direction for domestic indoor square is suggested. This result of paper proceeds as follows. First, it describes the analysis of the Indoor Squares of the domestic Mixed-use building. The results were derived of the fact that not applying the water elements and Facade greening. Second, In Europe Square, It is accounted for the highest proportion (33%) of the spaciousness. Third, Through a comparative analysis domestic indoor square was derived that the higher the need to improve the spaciousness and botanical motif. It is the ultimate goal of this study based on the analysis of the city square to set the criteria for the biophilic design of the indoor square to present the orientation of the indoor square.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.126-133
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• 2008

Rapid Prototyping (RP) has been widely used for rapid development of prototypes in various industrial fields. In recent years, a new requirement in RP industry has issued so as to directly manufacture a functional prototype which has enough mechanical properties to be used as a functional part. The RP prototype, however, has a limitation in mechanical properties due to its layer-by-layer manufacturing process. This manufacturing process results in anisotropy of the prototype, especially showing weakness in the building direction. In the present work, we performed tensile tests for RP prototypes in order to determine directional mechanical properties. The test specimens were made by using $Eden330^{TM}$ by Object Geometries Ltd. Finite element analyses considering material anisotropy were then carried out for RP prototypes with various building directions. Effect of the building direction on the mechanical strength was investigated through the analysis, and compared with experimental results.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 2006

The effect of buildings on flow in urban canopy is one of the most important problems in local/micro-scale meteorology. A large eddy simulation model is used to simulate the flow structure in an urban neighborhood and the bulk effect of the buildings on surrounding flows is analyzed. The results demonstrate that: (a) The inflow conditions affect the detailed flow characteristics much in the building group, including: the distortion or disappearance of the wake vortexes, the change of funneling effect area and the change of location, size of the static-wind area. (b) The bulk effect of the buildings leads to a loss of wind speed in the low layer where height is less than four times of the average building height, and this loss effect changes little when the inflow direction changes. (c) In the bulk effect to environmental fields, the change of inflow direction affects the vertical distribution of turbulence greatly. The peak value of the turbulence energy appears at the height of the average building height. The attribution of fluctuations of different components to turbulence changes greatly at different height levels, in the low levels the horizontal speed fluctuation attribute mostly, while the vertical speed fluctuation does in high levels.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.227-228
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• 2022

The slowdown of the global economic market due to the pandemic is causing the global construction market to stagnate, and the use of smart construction technology is drawing attention as one of the main alternatives to overcome this problem. In fact, a number of previous studies have been published that smart construction technologies such as building information modeling and drones can contribute to project performance improvement, such as productivity improvement and cost reduction. However, previous studies focus on the application direction and technical effectiveness of smart construction technology, so the analysis in terms of the contribution that the application of the technology has to the project performance is insufficient. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness aspect of the application of smart construction technology on the project performance. The results of this study are expected to be able to be used as basic data for establishing policies related to the activation of smart construction technology promoted by the government and setting the direction for the use of smart construction technology by stakeholders.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.595-603
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• 2015

With the advances of the big-data process technology, acquiring the real-time information from the massive image data taken by a mobile device inside a vehicle will be possible in the near future. Among the information that can be found around the vehicle, the route information is needed for safe driving. In this study, the automatic extraction of route information from the road sign imagery was dealt with. The scope of the route information in this study included the route number, route type, and their relationship with the driving direction. For the recognition of the route number, the modified Tesseract OCR (Optical Character Recognition) engine was used after extracting the rectangular-road-sign area with the Freeman chain code tracing algorithm. The route types (expressway, highway, rural highway, and municipal road) are recognized using the proposed algorithms, which are acquired from colour space analysis. Those road signs provide information about the route number as well as the roads that may be encountered along the way. In this study, such information was called “OTW (on the way)” or “TTW (to the way)” which between the two should be indicated is determined using direction information. Finally, the route number is matched with the direction information. Experiments are carried out with the road sign imagery taken inside a car. As a result, route numbers, route number type, OTW or TTW are successfully recognized, however some errors occurred in the process of matching TTW number with the direction.

• Communications of the Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.15-21
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• 2012

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.53-73
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• 2021

This study is an experimental study comparing the psycho-physiological response differences of subjects according to the rapport building in polygraph tests. We randomly assigned 84 adults into a 2(veracity: Truth vs. Lie) x 2(rapport; Rapport building vs. Non-rapport building) between-subject design and measured ESS total scores as psycho-physiological responses. In order to manipulate the veracity conditions, participants in the truthful condition were told to tell their actual scores on several simple tasks but those in the lie condition were asked to tell higher scores than their actual scores. Afterwards all participants were polygraph tested in the order of pre-interview and main examination. The rapport conditions were manipulated by structured pre-interview scripts. As a result, there were significant differences in the examinee's total ESS scores depending on the veracity and rapport conditions. For truth-tellers, the ESS total scores were greater in the positive(+) direction in the rapport building condition than in the non-rapport building condition, indicating a prominent true response in the former condition. For liars, however, the ESS total scores were not significantly greater in the negative(-) direction in the rapport building condition than in the non-rapport building condition. Based on this study's results, we discussed the importance of rapport building in the pre-interview phase of a polygraph test and the need to operationalize verbal and non-verbal rapport building techniques.