• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2016

Selective ${\beta}_1$-agonist and antagonists are used for the treatment of cardiac diseases including congestive heart failure, angina pectoris and arrhythmia. Selective ${\beta}_1$-antagonists including nebivolol have high binding affinity on ${\beta}_1$-adrenergic receptor, not ${\beta}_2$-receptor mainly expressed in smooth muscle. Nebivolol is one of most selective ${\beta}_1$-blockers in clinically used ${\beta}_1$-blockers including atenolol and bisoprolol. We tried to develop clinically useful cardiac PET tracers using a selective ${\beta}_1$-blocker. Nebivolol is $C_2$-symmetric and has two chromane moiety with a secondary amino alcohol and aromatic fluorine. We adopted the general synthetic strategy using epoxide ring opening reaction. Unlike formal synthesis of nebivolol, we prepared two chromane building blocks with fluorine and iodine which was transformed to diaryliodonium salt for labelling of $^{18}F$. Two epoxide building blocks were readily prepared from commercially available chromene carboxylic acids (1, 8). Then, the amino alcohol building block (15) was prepared by ammonolysis of epoxide (14) followed by coupling reaction with the other building block, epoxide (7). Diaryliodonium salt, a precursor for $^{18}F$-aromatic substitution, was synthesized in moderate yield which was readily subjected to $^{18}F$-aromatic substitution to give $^{18}F$-labelled nebivolol.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.451-468
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• 2017

The problem of reducing the self-weight of reinforced concrete structures is very important issue. There are two approaches which may be used to reduced member weight. The first is tackled through reducing the cross sectional area by using voids and the second through using light weight materials. Reducing the weight of slabs is very important as it constitutes the effective portion of dead loads in the structural building. Eleven slab specimens was casted in this research. The slabs are made one way though using two simple supports. The tested specimens comprised three reference solid slabs and eight styropor block slabs having (23% and 29%) reduction in weight. The voids in slabs were made using styropor at the ineffective concrete zones in resisting the tensile stresses. All slab specimens have the dimensions ($1100{\times}600{\times}120mm$) except one solid specimens has depth 85 mm (to give reduction in weight of 29% which is equal to the styropor block slab reduction). Two loading positions or cases (A and B) (as two-line monotonic loads) with shear span to effective depth ratio of (a/d=3, 2) respectively, were used to trace the structural behavior of styropor block slab. The best results are obtained for styropor block slab strengthened by minimum shear reinforcement with weight reduction of (29%). The increase in the strength capacity was (8.6% and 5.7%) compared to the solid slabs under loading cases A and B respectively. Despite the appearance of cracks in styropor block slab with loads lesser than those in the solid slab, the development and width of cracks in styropor block slab is significantly restricted as a result of presence a mesh of reinforcement in upper concrete portion.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2018

Korea has achieved a rapid economic development and with the increase in population and national income and the expansion of social and economic activities, energy consumption has rapidly increased too. Energy consumption per head has constantly increased and currently, power consumption per head is 7.5 times bigger than in 1985. Buildings occupy 25% of total energy consumption and especially, 50% of total energy is consumed for heating and cooling. In this situation, multi-family housing, which has constantly been increased, has an energy saving rate of 1.9%, which is the lowest level and this makes the government's energy policy for sustainable energy system development useless. Besides, energy consumption leads to secondary problems, such as air, water and marine pollution and heat pollution and wastewater/drainage and the increased use of fossil fuel is a fundamental reason for ozone layer destruction and global warming. Therefore, efficient energy consumption plans are required. This study aims to analyze energy performance in each block type of high-rise and diversified multi-family housing that accounts for 60% of all the housing forms, depending on the variations in stories through BIM-based energy simulation. For this study, four representative block types were selected, based on the multi-family floor plan, which is certified for energy performance evaluation and they were applied to the floor plan of a multi-family house that is scheduled to be built. Then BIM modeling was conducted from the fifth story to the 40th story at an intervals of 5 stories and based on the finding, energy characteristics of each block type and energy performance depending on the variations in stories were analyzed. It is considered that this would serve as objective data for block type and block story decision of energy performance-based multi-family housing.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2023

현무암폐석을 활용한 투수믈록의 성능을 평가하기 위해 현무암폐석의 치환율을 0, 20, 40, 60 (%) 4가지 수준으로 변화시켜 시멘트 및 무시멘트 기반의 투수블록을 제작하여 휨강도, 압축강도, 투수 계수, 흡수율, 밀도, 이산화탄소 저감, 미세먼지 저감 등에 대하여 평가하였다. 그 결과, 휨강도, 압축강도와 밀도는 현무암 폐석의 치환율이 증가함에 따라 감소하였지만 치환율 20 %에서 휨강도가 KS규격에 만족하는 결과값을 보였다. 흡수율, 투수계수, 이산화탄소 저감. 미세먼지 저감 등은 현무암 폐석의 치환율이 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 투수계수는 모든 치환율에서 KS규격을 만족하는 결과를 나타내었고 미세먼지, 이산화탄소 저감과 흡수율은 모든 치환율에서 높은 값을 나타났다. 따라서 시멘트를 사용하지 않아 시멘트 생산과정에서 바생하는 이산화탄소량을 감소시킬 수 있는 무시멘트 기반 투수블록에서 중요한 지표인 투수계수가 KS규격을 만족하였고 공기질 오염물질 저감 성능이 뛰어나기 때문에 휨강도 기준을 만족하는 현무암 폐석 치환율 20 % 내에서 활용한다면 기존의 투수블록이 가지고 있는 문제점을 해결할 수 있는 방안으로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.433-449
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• 2010

Wind tunnel model tests were conducted for a residential apartment block located within the complex terrain of The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST). The test building is typical of medium-rise residential buildings in Hong Kong. The model study was conducted using modelling techniques and assumptions that are commonly used to predict design wind loads and pressures for buildings sited in regions of significant topography. Results for the building model with and without the surrounding topography were compared to investigate the effects of far-field and near-field topography on wind characteristics at the test building site and wind-induced external pressure coefficients at key locations on the building facade. The study also compared the wind tunnel test results to topographic multipliers and external pressure coefficients determined from nine international design standards. Differences between the external pressure coefficients stipulated in the various standards will be exacerbated when they are combined with the respective topographic multipliers.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.345-369
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• 2022

Infectious disease emergency hospitals are usually temporarily built during the pneumonia epidemic with higher requirements regarding diagnosis and treatment efficiency, hygiene and safety, and infection control.This study aims to identify how the Building Information Modeling (BIM) + Industrialized Building System (IBS) approach could rapidly deliver an infectious disease hospital and develop site epidemic spreading algorithms. Coronavirus-19 pneumonia construction site spreading algorithm model mind map and block diagram of the construction site epidemic spreading algorithm model were developed. BIM+IBS approach could maximize the repetition of reinforced components and reduce the number of particular components. Huoshenshan Hospital adopted IBS and BIM in the construction, which reduced the workload of on-site operations and avoided later rectification. BIM+IBS integrated information on building materials, building planning, building participants, and construction machinery, and realized construction visualization control and parametric design. The delivery of Huoshenshan Hospital was during the most critical period of the Coronavirus-19 pneumonia epidemic. The development of a construction site epidemic spreading algorithm provided theoretical and numerical support for prevention. The agent-based analysis on hospital evacuation observed "arched" congestion formed at the evacuation exit, indicating behavioral blindness caused by fear in emergencies.

• 천문학회보
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.44-44
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• 1999

• 대한수학회보
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.709-721
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• 2004

A punctured torus ${\Sigma}$(1, 1) is a building block of oriented surfaces. In this paper we formulate the matrix presentations of elements of the Teichmuller space of a punctured torus using the matrix presentations of a pair of pants ${\Sigma}$(0, 3) and the gluing method.

• 미생물과산업
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 1994

본고에서는 화학적수법으로 다양한 특이한 기질을 제조하여 여기에 입체특이적 성질(stereospecificity)과 입체선택적 성질(steroselectivity)이 높은 생물학적 방법들 중에서 주로 lipase를 이용한 부제가수분해반응(asymmetric hydrolysis)과 그 역반응인 에스테르화반응(esterification)등을 도입한 chiral building block의 제조와 이를 이용한 곤충 생리활성물질인 pheromone의 합성에 대한 최근의 많은 예들중 상품화를 시도하고 있는 매미나방의 pheromne인 (+)-disparlure에 대하여 간단히 소개하고자 한다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.3788-3790
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• 2010