• Title/Summary/Keyword: brown leaf blight

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Seed Transmission of Bipolaris coicis, B. cynodontis, B. maydis and Curvularia lunata causing Leaf Blight of Job's tears (율무에 잎마름 증상을 일으키는 Bipolaris coicis, B. cynodontis, B. maydis 및 Curvularis lunata의 종자전염)

  • Kim, Ji-Soo;Lee, Du-Hyung
    • Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.287-293
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    • 1998
  • Bipolaris coicis, B. cynodontis, B. maydis and Curvularia lunata were leaf blight fungi detected from 45 seed samples of Job's tears and B. coicis was the predominant species in seed samples followed by C. lunata, B. cynodontis and B. maydis. When the seed components were plated on test tube agar, B. coicis and C. lunata were highly detected from invelucre, glume, endosperm and stamen, but not detected from plumule. Seed infection with B. coicis casued seed rot, coleoptile blight and seedling blight of Job's tears. Conidial characteristics of leaf blight fungi were as follows; B. cynodontis was fusiform, brown, slightly curved, 0~5 distoseptate, and 16.8-48$\times$7.2-16.8${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size; B. cynodontis was fusiform, brown, slightly curved, 0~8 distoseptate, and 16.8-72$\times$9.6-19.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$; B. maydis was fusiform, brown, distintly curved, 0~10 distoseptate, and 28.8-110.4$\times$12-21.6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. C. Lunata was fusiform, brown, typically curved, 0~3 distoseptate, and 7.2-24$\times$4.8-12 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. B. coicis was highly pathogenic to Job's tears and corn, weakly pathogenic to rice, but not pathogenic to wheat and barley. c. lunata was highly pathogenic to Job's tears (No. 2), corn, wheat and barley, weakly pathogenic to Job's tears (No. 1), but not pathogenic to rice. All treatments were effective to inhibition of leaf blight fungi when carboram, benoram, fludioxonil, prochloraz, thioram, and tap water treated to infected seeds.

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First Report of Foliar Blight on Dendropanax morbifera Caused by Alternaria panax

  • Deng, Jian Xin;Kim, Chang-Sun;Oh, Eun-Sung;Yu, Seung-Hun
    • Mycobiology
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.316-320
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    • 2010
  • Leaf spot and blight disease was observed on two-year-old seedlings of Dendropanax morbifera (Korean name: Hwangchil tree) during July of 2008 in Jindo Island, Korea. Symptoms included yellow-brown to dark brown irregularly enlarged spots frequently located along the veins of leaves. The lesions were often surrounded by chlorotic haloes. Severe leaf blight and subsequent defoliation occurred when conditions favored disease outbreak. The causal organism of the disease was identified as Alternaria panax based on morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA. A. panax isolates induced leaf spots and blight symptoms not only on D. morbifera but also on the other members of Araliaceae tested. This is the first report of foliar blight caused by A. panax on D. morbifera.

Neopestalotiopsis Leaf Blight, an Emerging Concern on Leatherleaf Fern in Indonesia

  • Ani Widiastuti;Indah Khofifah Aruan;Alvina Clara Giovanni;Barokati Tsaniyah;Tri Joko;Achmadi Priyatmojo
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.82-87
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    • 2024
  • Leatherleaf fern (Rumohra adiantiformis) is an important ornamental plant in Indonesia and global. Green fern leaves with bold dark green color with long shelf-life, attract florists as decoration. Indonesia is one important leatherleaf fern exporters, however currently an outbreak of leaf blight decreased production significantly. Initial symptom was reddish brown spots from edge of leaf, which was gradually followed by dark-brown necrotic lesions causing leaf blight and dried. This is a study to do Koch-Postulate approach and molecular identification, to identify the pathogen of the "new emerging disease" reported. Based on multigene analysis using primers from ITS, β-tub and tef1-α gene markers, the pathogen was identified as Neopestalotiopsis sp. All sequences have been deposited in GenBank with accession number of OR905551 (ITS), OR899817 (ßtubulin) and OR899816 (TEF). This Neopestalotiopsis leaf blight causes an emerging concern in leatherleaf fern in Indonesia and global biosecurity because it infected an export commodity.

Chemical Control of Brown Leaf Blight in Alisma plantago Double Cropping after Early Rice

  • Shin, Jong-Sup;Kwon, Byung-Sun;Park, Hee-Jin
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.46 no.5
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    • pp.348-351
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    • 2001
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the control effect of fungicides on control of brown leaf blight, growth characteristics, and dry root yield in the cultivation of Alisma plantago after early maturing rice cropping. All fungicides treated had no effect on the growth and flowering rate of Alisma plantago. The major fungicides were mancozeb Wp, 75%, chlorothalonil Wp, 75%, dithianon Wp, 43%, difenoconazole Wp, 10%, benomyl Wp, 50%, and propineb Wp, 70%. Dry root of yield were increased largely with chlorothalonil Wp, 75%(33 g/20), fungicide than the other fungicides and control. All fungicides had no injury with standard dosage. On the other hand all fungicides had slight injury in the double dosage level for the Alisma plantago.

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Incidence of Alternaria Species Associated with Watermelon Leaf Blight in Korea

  • Kwon, Oh-Kyu;Jeong, A-Ram;Jeong, Yong-Jik;Kim, Young-Ah;Shim, Jaekyung;Jang, Yoon Jeong;Lee, Gung Pyo;Park, Chang-Jin
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.329-338
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    • 2021
  • Alternaria leaf blight is one of the most common diseases in watermelon worldwide. In Korea, however, the Alternaria species causing the watermelon leaf blight have not been investigated thoroughly. A total of 16 Alternaria isolates was recovered from diseased watermelon leaves with leaf blight symptoms, which were collected from 14 fields in Korea. Analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) were not competent to differentiate the Alternaria isolates. On the contrary, analysis of amplicon size of the histone H3 (HIS3) gene successfully differentiated the isolates into three Alternaria subgroups, and further sequence analysis of them identified three Alternaria spp. Alternaria tenuissima, A. gaisen, and A. alternata. Representative Alternaria isolates from three species induced dark brown leaf spot lesions on detached watermelon leaves, indicating that A. tenuissima, A. gaisen, and A. alternata are all causal agents of Alternaria leaf blight. Our results indicate that the Alternaria species associated watermelon leaf blight in Korea is more complex than reported previously. This is the first report regarding the population structure of Alternaria species causing watermelon leaf blight in Korea.

New Fungal diseases of Economic Resource Plants in Korea (III) (유용 자원식물의 진균성 신병해(III))

  • 신현동
    • Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.197-209
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    • 1995
  • This paper is a third report about the new fungal diseases of economic resource plants in Korea. It contains short descriptions on symptoms, occurrence conditions, pathogen, and some phytopathological notes for each of 10 fungal plant diseases. They are angular leaf spot of Achyranthes japonica by Cercospora achyranthis causing leaf spot and defoliation in the shade of plants, leaf spot of Armoracia lapathifolia by Cercospora armoraciae causing leaf spot to blight from the rainy season to autumn, hypophyllous mold of Dioscorea tokoro by Distocercospora pachyderma causing leaf spot and yellowing, hypophyllous mold of Artemisia spp.by Mycovellosiella ferruginea causing leaf spot and yellowing, angular leaf spot of Aralia elata by Pseudocercospora araliae causing velvety leaf spot and defoliation, hypophyllous mold of Lycium chinense by Pseudocercospora chengtuensis causing velvety leaf spot and defoliation from the rainy season to autumn, angular leaf spot of Diospyros lotus by Pseudocercospora disospyri-morrisianae causing leaf spot and defoliation from summer to autumn, brown leaf spot of Impatiens textori by Pseudocercospora nojimae causing leaf spot to blight from the rainy season, leaf spot of Cephalonoplos segetum by Ramularia cirsii causing leaf spot to blight throughout the growing season, and white mold of Leonurus sibiricus by Ramularia leonuri causing leaf spot to blight mostly in autumn.

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Occurrence of Brown Blight of Tea Plant Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. theae in Korea (Pseudomonas syringae pv. theae에 의한 차나무 갈색마름병 발생)

  • Choi, Jae-Eul;Cha, Sun-Kyung;Ryuk, Jin-Ah;Choi, Chun-Hwan;Nou, Ill-Sup
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.213-216
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    • 2003
  • A bacterial disease of tea plants(Camellia sinensis L.) was found in the graftage nursery grown under vinyl house conditions in Suncheon city, Korea, in spring of 2002. The primary symptoms of the disease include small, water-soaked and dark brown spot development on the young leaves. This spot gradually increases in size, especially taking on elongate shape along the midrib or vein of the leaf, and then turns black. The diseased leaves were defoliated easily. Ten strains were isolated from the infected leaf. Inoculation on tea leaf with these isolates produced the same symptoms of naturally infected plants. On the basis of stain reactions, morphological characterization, colony pattern, physiological and biochemical reactions, the bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. theae. This is the first report of brown blight of tea plant in Korea.

Leaf Blight of Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) Caused by Rhizoctonia solani (Rhizoctonia solani 에 의한 칡 잎마름병)

  • Kim, Hyung-Moo;Song, Wan-Yeob;Seo, Byung-Soo;Ko, Jeong-Ae
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.77-79
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    • 2005
  • Leaf blight of kudzu was found in Jeonbuk province in 2002. Water-soaked lesion appeared on leaves, and young stems and gray green blight sypmtom expanded from margin to main vine of leaves. As the disease became severe, blighted leaves and shoots turned dark brown and then collapsed. The causal pathgen showed initially white aerial mycelium and turned brown to gray. Mycelia were branched at 90o angles and multinucleate in one cell. It formed sclerotia on PDA. Slerotia were irregular, globose and 0.5~3.0 mm in diameter. The causal fungus of leaf blight was identified as Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn based on the cultural and morphological characteristics. This is the first report on leaf blight of kudzu caused by R. solani in Korea.

Screening of Seed Disinfectant for Controlling Brown Leaf Blight in Alisma plantago Double Cropping after Early Rice

  • Shin, Dong-Young;Kwon, Byung-Sun;Lim, June-Taeg;Hyun, Kyu-Hwan;Lim, Jung-Mook;Seo, Young-Nam
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.692-696
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    • 2006
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of seed disinfectant, in control of brown leaf blight, growth characteristics, and dry root yield in the cultivation of Alisma plantago after early maturing rice cropping. Experimental plot was laid out in split plots design with three replications. The major seed disinfectants were benomyl Wp, 20%, Captan Wp, 50%, Triferine Ec, 17%, Etridia zole Ec, 25%, and Thioplant-mythyl Wp, 50%. Even though seed disinfectant treated had no effect on the growth and flowering date of Alisma plantago, dry root yield was increased largely with benomyl Wp, 20%, in seed disinfectant than in the other seed disinfectants and contorl. All seed disinfectants had no injury with standard dosage. But all seed disinfectants had slight injury in the double dosage level for the Alisma plantago. On the basis of yield, vegetative and disease paramerer, benomyl Wp (20%) ($100g/20{\ell}$) had shown superior performance, however, all the seed disinfectants are effective as compare to without treatment.

Weeding Efficacy of Sulfonylurea Resistance Weed, Monochoria (Monochoria vaginalis) with Brown Leaf Blight Caused by BWC01-54

  • Hong, Yeon-Kyu;Lee, Bong-Choon;Song, Seok-Bo;Hwang, Jae-Bok;Park, Sung-Tae
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.77-82
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    • 2005
  • A summer annual weed of monochoria (Monochoria vaginalis) grows in the edges of rice paddies, ditches, and moist upland throughout Korea. It is very difficult to control with herbicide because of its sulfonylurea resistance. It is very competitive with fast growing pattern, that can cause reducing yields of rice. Brown leaf blight of monochoria (Monochoria vaginalis) occurred naturally in rice paddy, is first reported in Korea. The fungal isolate BWC01-54 was successfully isolated from the diseased leaves of monochoria. The fungus BWC 01-54 was grown well at $25-28^{\circ}C$, conidia of the greysh black brown mycelia were abundant produced on PDA at 15 days. The fungus was grown well in potato dextrose broth at $28^{\circ}C$ and fully grown within 10 days in 250 ml of flask. In host and pathogenicity test, conidia suspension of BWC01-54 was the most effective to control of monochoria compare to others isolates. Typical symptoms having pin point brown lesions were formed on stem and leaf and which severely affected the whole plants ware blighted within two weeks, respectively. Under paddies field condition, conidial suspension of the fungus BWC01-54 gave around 90% control. Therefore, we conclude that the fungus may have a potential as a biological control agent against sulfonylurea resistance weed in rice paddy.