• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.531-540
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• 2016

Purpose: To improve the cooking quality of brown rice, newly inbred soft rice cultivars were investigated. Methods: The physicochemical properties of brown rice flour and water absorption patterns and cooking characteristics of brown rice grain were compared to Ilmi white and brown rice. Results: General composition and total dietary fiber contents of five rices were significantly different with higher ash, protein, and total dietary fiber contents in soft brown rice than white rice. The hardness of raw rice grain was higher in Ilmi brown rice than in soft brown rice. The water absorption increased rapidly in 30 min of white rice and in 4-6 h of brown rices. The apparent amylose content of soft brown rice was lower than that of Ilmi rice. The initial pasting temperature and all viscosities were significantly different, but the trend was not similar. The textural properties of hardness and roughness were higher, but adhesiveness, cohesiveness, and stickiness were lower in Ilmi brown rice than white and soft brown rices. In sensory preference test, not only textural properties, hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, stickiness, and roughness, but also color, glossiness, and roasted flavor were higher in soft brown rices. Especially soft brown rice B showed the best cooking quality among all rices. Conclusion: The results of the study suggested that soft brown rice is developed for cooking with high nutritional and functional quality.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.535-543
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of brown rice and brown rice phytosterol on blood pressure and lipid levels in spontaneously hypertension rats (SHR). SHR were grouped according to blood pressure and fed either a control diet or experimental diets containing 50% brown rice powder or 5% brown rice phytosterol for 3 weeks. Body weight gain and epididymal fat weight were significantly reduced in the brown rice powder and brown rice phytosterol groups compared to control. Brown rice and brown rice phytosterol diets suppressed age-dependent increases in systolic blood pressure compared to control. In addition, brown rice and brown rice phytosterol diets decreased total lipid, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels in the liver, whereas serum HDL cholesterol increased. Lastly, brown rice phytosterol reduced TBARS contents in the kidney. These results suggest that brown rice and brown rice phytosterol exert antihypertensive effects that improve lipid metabolism in SHR.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.210-215
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• 1999

본 연구는 서양조리에서 가장 보편적으로 사용되는 brown sauce의 주재료인 brown stock을 만들 때 돼지뼈의 이용가능성을 알아보기 위한 것으로서 이화학적 및 관능적 특성을 비교분석하였다. 유리아미노산중 aspartic acid의 함량은 돼지뼈로 만든 brown stock이 0.42mg% 로 돼지뼈와 소뼈로 만든 brown stock의 0.37mg%와 소뼈로 만든 brown stock의 0.18 mg% 보다 높았다. 그리고 glutamic acid, glycine, arginine, proline의 함량은 돼지뼈와 소뼈+돼지뼈로 만든 brown stock이 소뼈로 만든 것보다 많았는데, 유의수준 p<0.05에서 차이를 보였다. 세 종류 brown stock의 무기질 함량을 분석한 결과 K>Na>P의 순이 었고, 돼지뼈로 만든 brown stock의 Na, Ca, Fe, Mg 함량은 다른 시료 보다 유의수준 p<0.05에서 차이를 보이며. 많은 것으로 나타났다. 젤라틴 함량은 돼지뼈를 1:1로 함께 이용한 시료가 152.40$\pm$13.80mg%, 소뼈로 만든 시료가 136.90$\pm$8.90mg%로 돼지뼈만으로 만든 brown stock 보다 함량이 적었는데, 유의수준 p<0.05에서 차이를 보였다. 환원당 함량도 시료간에 차이가 있었으며, 돼지뼈로 만든 시료가 가장 많았으며, 다음으로 소뼈+돼지뼈, 소뼈로 만든 시료의 순이었다. 탁도는 시료간에 큰 차이를 보이지는 않았으나, 소뼈로 만든 것이 가장 투명하였고, 돼지뼈로 만든 것이 가장 불투명하였다. 점도는 소뼈로 만든 것이 2.20$\pm$0.11 mPas로 가장 낮았으며, 돼지뼈로 만든 것이 2.65$\pm$0.15mPas로 가장 높았다. Hunter's color value에서 “L”값은 소뼈+돼지뼈로 만든 것이 21.80으로 세 종류 brown stock 중 가장 높았고 돼지뼈로 만든 것이 8.59로 가장 낮았다. “a”값은 소뼈+돼지뼈로 만든 brown stock이 2.51로서 다른 두 종류의 brown stock보다 높았고 돼지뼈로 만든 것은 0.09로 낮았으나 “b”값은 소뼈+돼지뼈로 만든 brown stock이 8.35로서 “L”,“a”값과 유사하게 세 종류의 brown stock 중 가장 높았다. 뼈의 종류를 달리한 brown stock의 관능평가 결과 냄새는 소뼈로 만든 brown stock이 돼지뼈, 소뼈+돼지뼈로 만든 것 보다 높은 점수를 받았으며, 유의수준 p<0.001에서 차이를 보였다. 점도는 소뼈＞소뼈+돼지뼈>돼지뼈의 순으로 기호도가 높았으며, 입안에서의 느낌과 전체적인 맛 역시 소뼈로 만든 brown stock이 유의수준 p<0.001에서 차이를 보이며, 조금 높게 나타났다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.364-370
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• 2006

To evaluate the potential possibility of Lentinus edodes as an a sauce ingredient of sauce, the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of Lentinus edodes and Agaricus bisporus brown sauce were compared. The same mother sauce was used to prepare the for preparation of two different types of sauce was the same. The contents of moisture, crude protein, and crude ash were not different. However, crude fat content was higher in Agaricus bisporus brown sauce and carbohydrate content was higher in Lentinus edodes brown sauce. The amounts of total free amino acids were 1,236.45 mg% in Agaricus bisporus brown sauce and 791.73 mg%, respectively in Lentinus edodes brown sauce. Major free amino acids in both sauces were glutamic acid, alanine, aspartic acid, and arginine. Amino acid derivatives content was higher in Lentinus edodes brown sauce (644.55 mg%) than in Agaricus bisporus brown sauce (595.87 mg%). Major amino acid derivatives were ammonia, taurine, and carnosine in Agaricus bisporus brown sauce and sarcosine, ammonia, -amino isobutyric acid, and phospho ethanolamine in Lentinus edodes brown sauce. The L, a and b values of Lentinus edodes brownumsauce showed a higher tendency those of Agaricus bisporus. The viscosity of Agaricus bisporus brown sauce and Lentinus edodes brown sauces were 1976.67 cP and 2686.67 cP, respectively. The sensory score of color was not different between the both sauces, but those of flavor, taste, and viscosity of Lentinus edodes brown sauce were higher than those of Agaricus bisporus brown sauce. Especially, the sensory evaluation score on the flavor of Lentinus edodes brown sauce (7.6) was recorded higher than that (5.1) of Agaricus bisporus brown sauce. From the As a results, the overall acceptability of Lentinus edodes brown sauce was judged to be superior to than that of Agaricus bisporus brown sauce.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.146-152
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• 2014

This study surveyed consumers' sensory liking ratings of 3 types of developed brown rice products (brown rice nut waffles, Kimchi and tuna rice ball, sweet red-bean paste rice ball) and analyzed the drivers for liking or disliking the brown rice products. Each brown rice product had a brown rice to brown rice powder ratio of either: 100:0; 80:20; or 50:50. Forty consumers evaluated the acceptance of brown rice products on a 9-point hedonic scale and gave comments regarding liking or disliking each product. The results of the preference investigation analysis showed subjectivity depending on the brown rice product and the respondents' genders and ages. For brown rice nut waffles was affected by gender, age, and brown rice powder mixing ratio (p < 0.05). The variables "liking the aroma"; "liking the delicate flavor"; "liking the chewiness"; "liking the moistness"; "liking the softness"; "liking the harmony"; "liking the aftertaste" and "overall acceptability" did not differ significantly with the Kimchi and tuna rice ball. For the sweet red-bean paste rice ball product, the rates of liking the chewiness, stickiness, moistness, and softness of the 0% brown rice powder mix were all higher (p < 0.05) than were the rates of liking those same qualities in the 50% brown rice powder mix. Among all brown rice products, there were high correlations between the overall acceptability, liking the saltiness, liking the aroma, and liking the harmony. A preference investigation analysis showed that the brown rice product fillings were key factors to the products' overall acceptability.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.685-694
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• 2006

The quality characteristics of cookies containing brown rice flour, which has a greater variety of functional components than wheat flour, were studied. The results of the pasting properties shows that the inclusion of brown rice flour to the wheat flour-mixture did not affect the pasting temperature for up to 30% inclusion. The total dietary fiber and total polyphenol content increased and color of the cookies became darker with increasing brown rice flour content. According to the results from TA on texture, the hardness decreased and the crispness increased significantly(p<0.001, p<0.05, respectively) with increasing brown rice flour content. From the acceptance test, the aroma and texture of the cookies with added brown rice flour were significantly(p<0.001) lower than those of the wheat flour cookies. However, the appearance, taste, and overall acceptance of the cookies with added brown rice flour did not differ significantly from those of the wheat flour cookies. According to the results from the sensory evaluation, the savory aroma of the cookie with 30% brown rice flour was significantly strong(p<0.001). The brown rice flavor of the cookies with brown rice flour was significantly stronger(p<0.001) than that of the wheat flour cookie, but there were no significant differences among the cookies with brown rice flour in it. The crispness of the cookies increased significantly(p<0.001) with the inclusion of brown rice flour in the mixture, especially for the mixture with 30% brown rice flour which had the highest value of crispness among the cookies. The graininess and brown color of the cookies increased significantly(p<0.001) with increasing brown rice flour content, especially for the mixture with 30% brown rice flour which had the highest values among the cookies.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2005

암반의 거동을 예측하기 위해 1980년 발표된 Hoek-Brown 모델은 지속적인 개선과 더불어 수많은 문제들을 해결하기 위해 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 Hoek-Brown 모델의 유한요소법 등 수치해석에 대한 적용성에 관한 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 Hoek-Brown 모델을 일반적 소성론 절차에 따라 구성모델로 정식화하여 그 특징을 살펴보았고, 수치적 문제점을 유발하게 되는 항복면의 모서리부를 곡면으로 처리한 Rounded Hoek-Brown 모델을 제시하였다. 제안모델은 탄소성 구성모델로서의 요구조건들을 만족하며, 압축측에서 원래의 Hoek-Brown 모델과 동일한 항복면을 갖는다. 제안 모델을 일반적인 비선형 유한요소해석에 적용하기 위하여 제안 모델의 구성방정식을 수립하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.688-692
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of molecular weight and concentrations of chitosan on the germination of brown rice. Brown rice was germinated at $30^{\circ}C$ for three days in various chitosan solutions. The germination rate of the brown rice increased with increasing concentrations of chitosan solution, and was higher in the chitosan solution than in water. GABA content increased with increasing germination time and chitosan solution concentration. As the molecular weight of the chitosan decreased, germination rate and GABA content increased in the brown rice. The GABA content of germinated brown rice using low molecular weight chitosan A in a 100 ppm solution was 5145.5 nmole/g. This is approximately a five times higher value than that of the water-germinated brown rice. Texture properties were enhanced in all the germinated brown rice samples in chitosan solution compared to the brown rice germinated in water. These results indicate that chitosan solution treatment can increase germination rate and GABA synthesis activity in brown rice during germination, and can also improve the texture properties of brown rice.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.119-128
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• 1998

On account of the recent improvement in performance of brown layers, the market share taken by brown layers has increased to about 50% in the world and to almost 100% in Korea. There are several other reasons why the industry has moved from white to brown, such as : brown layers are used to be more robust, more docile and easier to manage ; e brown layers are easier to sex at the hatchery ; brown layers lay less second grade eggs, due to a better shell Quality ; brown eggs seem to be more attractive than white ; and a clear consumer preference, thus a better price per egg. More recently, however, the trend towards brown eggs has been slowing down. The main reasons for this lie in that white layers can still produce an egg at a lower cost and that white eggs have better de-shelling properties, easier candling and higher yolk and solid content of the liquid egg which are benefits for egg processing industry. Although the performance of the brown layers is still improving, there are increasing opinions in the poultry industry that the market portion of white layers should be increased based on the following reasons, such as : shell color has no effect on the nutritive value of eggs ; . brown layers consume more feed ; the percentage of meat spots is significantly higher in brown eggs than in white eggs ; . brown layers are less efficient in the second cycle of production than in the first ; white layers are more resistant to the disease of fowl typhoid. In order to increase the market share of white layers in Korea, it may be needed to enlighten the consumers not to prefer the brown and large eggs and to inform the excellencies of white eggs widely.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2011

In this study, the physicochemical properties of polished rice flour, brown rice flour, and Jeung-pyun dough were studied. The protein, lipid, dietary fiber, pH of brown rice flour were higher than those of polished rice flour. The total polyphenol contents and electron donating ability (EDA) of brown rice flour (83.60 mg%, 2.44%, respectively) were higher than those of polished rice flour (56.91 mg%, 1.43%, respectively). The temperature gelatinization of brown rice flour higher than that of polished rice flour. The counts in Jeung-pyun dough were not significantly decreased brown-rice flour. The addition of brown rice flour decreased the amount of carbon dioxide gas evoluted from Jeung-pyun dough. The pH values of brown rice Jeung-pyun dough generally decreased fermentation time.