• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1773-1775
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• 2002

Tannery waste contained 90.93% DM, 77.02% CP, 0.77% CF, 2.83% EE, 7.19% ash and 3,450 kcal ME/kg DM. A total of 144 day-old broiler chicks were divided into three dietary groups; $D_1$ (Containing 10% protein concentrate-PC), $D_2$ (Containing 5% PC+5% tannery waste-TW) and $D_3$ (Containing 10% TW) having 3 replicates of 16 chicks in each. The birds were fed broiler starter diet containing 22% CP, 3,000 kcal ME/kg and broiler finisher diet containing 21% CP, 3,100 kcal ME/kg up to 42 days of age, and meat yield traits were measured from the representative birds from each replication to asses the feasibility of using tannery waste in the diet of broiler. Feed intake, live weight, feed conversion efficiency and livability did not differ between diets (p>0.05) but the cost of production and profitability differed significantly (p<0.001). Profitability of D1, D2, and D3 diets were 2.98, 9.90 and 14.04 Taka/kg respectively. Diets did not affect on meat yield traits (p>0.05), except gizzard, shank and feather weight (p<0.01). Gizzard and shank weigh were improved with increasing level of tannery wastes in the diet, hence tannery waste can be used without any harmful effect in the broiler diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.555-557
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• 2003

A total of 168 seven days-old Arbor Acres chicks were reared in late-autumn on 4 types of litters; sawdust, rice husk, sugarcane bagasse or wheat straw up to 49 days of age to compare the growth performance, evaluate the manureal value and Coccidial oocyst population in used litter. Sadust, rice husk, sugarcane bagasse and wheat straw did not differ statistically for live weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and survivability (p>0.05). However, live weight and survivability tended to increase on sawdust. The highest moisture content of used litter was found in sugarcane bagasse followed by sawdust, rice husk and wheat straw (p<0.05). Rice husk contained the highest amount of of nitrogen, phosphurus and potassium followed by sawdust, sugarcane bagasse and wheat straw (p<0.01). Oocyst content of all treatment groups increased suddenly up to 5 weeks of age and thereafter suddenly declined up to 7 weeks of age. Litter materials did not differ at 35 and 42 days of age for oocyst content, but significantly differed at 49 days of age (p<0.01). So, the above findings reveal that sawdust may be suitable litter followed by rice husk, sugarcane bagasse and wheat straw in late-autumn in Bangladesh in respect of broiler growth performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.880-883
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to measure performance of young broiler chickens fed three varieties of high-oil corn (HOC 1, 2, and 3) compared with eight varieties of normal corn (NC). HOC varieties contained about 80% more oil than NC (average crude fat; 6.71% vs 3.72%) and about 29% more protein (average CP; 9.54% vs 7.38%). Each experimental diet was formulated with the same amount (55.205%) of each corn hybrid. Experiment 1 had by six dietary treatments (HOC1 and five NC varieties, 360 chickens) and Experiment 2 had five treatments (HOC2, HOC3, and three NC varieties, 250 chickens). In Exp. 1, for feed efficiency (F/G), the treatment contained HOC1 had better performance (p<0.05) than other NC varieties except NC5. As expected, there was no significant difference in average daily feed intake (p>0.05) among dietary treatments. The dietary treatment of HOC1 gave an improvement of 4.3% in F/G that came from 6% higher gross energy (GE) value of HOC1. Compared with Exp. 2, the dietary treatments contained HOC hybrids gave 4.4% higher F/G than NC dietary treatments, which came from a 5% increase in GE value. HOC varieties had superior nutrients content to NC for poultry, due to the fact that HOC contained higher concentrations of energy, protein, lysine, and methionine, thus improving growth and F/G.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.692-698
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• 2005

Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of graded levels of dietary chromium and leucine, and different fat sources on performance and body composition of broiler chickens. The results showed that chromium picolinate at 0.5 ppm significantly (p<0.05) lowered the carcass fat level. Gut weight and carcass water content were increased as a result of chromium treatment. Body weight, plucked weight, carcass weight, abdominal fat pad weight, breast yield and feed efficiency were unaffected by chromium treatment. Leucine did not interact with chromium to effect lean growth. Dietary leucine above the recommended maintenance level (1.2% of diet) markedly (p<0.001) reduced the breast muscle yield. The addition of fish oil to broiler diets reduced (p<0.05) the abdominal fat pad weights compared to birds on linseed diets. Fish oil is believed to improve lean growth through the effects of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in lowering the very low-density lipoprotein levels and triglyceride in the blood, in the meantime increasing glucose uptake into the muscle tissue in blood and by minimizing the negative impact of the immune system on protein breakdown. The amount of fat in the diet (2% or 4%) did not affect body composition.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.213-221
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• 1995

Five experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplemental folic acid(FA) in starting broiler chicks. In the first two experiments, basal diets based on corn and soybean meal contained 0.6 mg/kg FA but no supplemental methionine or choline. At 18 d of age, chicks showed curvilinear responses to folic acid supplementation with maximum growth and feed efficiencies at 1.45 mg/kg FA diet. The liver FA response was also curvilinear but reached a plateau at 1.70 mg/kg FA diet. The basal diet for 3 additional experiments contained soybean meal that had been washed with methanol to remove most of the choline. The diet contained only 0.6 mg /kg folic acid and 754 mg /kg choline. Chicks exhibited a larger growth response to folic acid at low choline levels as evidenced by a significant FA x choline interaction. FA supplementation increased but then decreased valgus leg deformity. Choline supplementation also decreased the incidences of valgus and varus leg deformities and decreased bone ash and increased the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia. It is concluded that chicks fed diets based on practical ingredients require from 1.45 to 1.70 mg /kg FA diet and also 1.60 mg/kg FA when choline is offered near the NRC recommended level of 1,300 mg/kg.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.133-143
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• 1997

Optimal conditions for collecting, storing and drying temperature to utilize slaughter porcine blood for blood meals and the effects of blood meal on growth in broiler chicks were investigated. Dry matter and protein contents of slaughter procine blood were 19.5% and 77%(dry basis), respectively. As for the composites of amino acids in the blood, aspartic acid, arginine, glycine, histidine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanin threonine were shown high. There was no significant difference between the collections by bloodletting and vacuumming in terms of microbial contamination. Storage of slaughter porcine blood showed no differences in protein, DNA and triglyceride contents and pH between the storage methods of freezing (-20$^{\circ}C$) and refrigerating (-4$^{\circ}C$). In case of room temperature storage, however, the decrease in pH and the appearance of new protein due to microbial contaminations increased as the storage periods were prolonged. When drying was done by flash methods, the drying period got shortened as the temperature became higher, yet protein and triglyceride were destoryed more. When drying was done over 120$^{\circ}C$, even at the same degree, the breakdowns of protein and triglyceride increased more as drying period got longer. In feeding trials of broiler chicks, dietary supplementation of the flash dried blood meal at 2% level showed significant difference in growth rate(P＜.05%). These results indicated that the appropriate handling and manufacturing of slaughter porcine blood enabled the blood to be used as a protein source for broiler chicks.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2003년도 제20차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.82-83
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• 2003

크릴밀 사료가 육계병아리의 생산성을 감소시키는 경향을 완화하기 위하여 항산화작용이 있은 콩추출물이 함유된 크릴밀을 급여하여 육계병아리의 생산성을 조사하고, 파두유의 피하주입으로 급성기반응을 발생시켜 비장세표와 PBMC 증식도, 그리고 TNF-$\alpha$와 Ovotranferrin의 발현에 미치는 콩 추출물 함유 크릴밀 사료의 영향을 조사하였다. 육계 병아리에서 콩 추출물 함유 크릴밀 사료는 생산성을 증가시켰다. 급성기 반응시 콩 추출물 함유 크릴밀 사료는 비장세포의 증식도를 낮추나 PBMC의 증식조는 높았다. 혈장내 순환 TNF-$\alpha$와 Ovotranferrin의 농도는 콩 추출물 함유 크릴밀 사료 급여로 감소하였다. 본 성적은 콩 추출물 함유 크릴밀 사료가 육계 병아리의 급성기 반응에 관여하고 있다는 것을 나타내었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.133-137
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• 2015

본 연구는 저 에너지 사료 내 lysolecithin과 sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate의 첨가가 육계의 생산성 및 영양소 소화율에 미치는 영향을 규명하였다. 본 시험은 1일령 ROSS 308(♂, ♀) 768수를 공시하였고, 시험 개시 체중은 44.3 g으로 35일간 진행하였으며, 시험설계는 1) PC(basal diet), 2) NC(PC-100 kcal), 3) T1(NC+ 0.08% lysolecithin) and 4) T2(NC + 0.04% sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate)로 4개 처리를 하여 처리당 12반복, 반복당 16수씩 완전 임의 배치하였다. 증체량(body weight gain: BWG), 사료섭취량(feed intake: FI) 및 사료요구율(feed conversion ratio: FCR)은 매주 측정하였다. 산화크롬(Cr2O3)을 표시물로서 0.2% 첨가하여 실험 실험종료 7일 전에 급여하였다. 1~21일차 생산성에 있어 처리구간 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았고(P>0.05), 21~35일차 증체량에 있어서 T1 처리구 및 T2 처리구가 대조구와 비교하였을 때 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 영양소 소화율에 있어 T1 처리구 및 T2 처리구가 대조구와 비교하였을 때 유의적으로 효과가 있었다(P<0.05). 그러나 건물 소화율에 있어서는 처리구간 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다(P>0.05). 종합적으로, 육계 사료 내 유화제의 첨가가 후반 성장 단계에서 생산성, 에너지 소화율 및 질소 소화율을 향상시켰다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1614-1625
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• 2010

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of fish silage prepared from Indian oil sardines, Sardinella longiceps, as partial replacement of soybean meal as a sole source of protein for growing broiler chickens. The main objective of Experiment 1, an ileal digestibility assay, was to assess the nutritional value of fish silage compared with soybean meal for feeding broiler chickens. The two test ingredients, soybean meal and dried fish silage, were incorporated into semi-synthetic diets, as the only component containing protein. The ileal digestibility coefficients of amino acids of fish silage were considerably higher than those of soybean meal (p<0.001). The lower digestibility of amino acids from soybean meal was related to the presence of anti-nutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitors. Fish silage had higher levels of sulphur-containing amino acids than soybean meal. The objective of Experiment 2, a growth study, was to evaluate the effect of feeding fish silage on performance and meat quality characteristics of broiler chickens raised under closed and open-sided housing systems. Four diets containing various levels of fish silage (0, 10, 20 and 30%) were evaluated. Daily feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were measured. At the end of Experiment 2, 96 birds were randomly selected and slaughtered to evaluate meat quality characteristics. Housing type had significant effects on feed intake and body weight gain (p<0.01). Birds in the open-sided house consumed 4.7% less amount of feed and gained 10.6% less than their counterparts in a closed house. Birds in both houses fed diets containing 10 and 20% fish silage gained more than birds fed 30% fish silage. The current study produced evidence that fish silage can replace up to 20% of soybean meal in broiler diets without affecting either growth performance or the sensory quality of broiler meat.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2003

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium (Cr) on the growth performance, bone trait, serum traits, and immune responses in broilers. The broilers were fed corn-soybean meal basal diet supplemented with Cr at level of 0(control), 200, 400, or 800 ppb in the form of chromium picolinate (CrPic). The broilers were fed treated diets for 6 weeks in Exp. 1, but the Cr supplement was removed for the last 3 weeks in Exp. 2. Exp. 1 showed that dietary supplement of Cr did not affect growth performance of the broiler, though improved feed efficiency (p<0.05) was observed during 0 to 3 weeks. Moreover, serum total (p<0.05) and HDL cholesterols (p<0.06) were significantly higher in pooled Cr added group at 6 weeks of age, however, the difference was not significant in Exp. 2. The pooled Cr added group in Exp.1 had significantly lower (p<0.05) alkaline phosphatase activity and higher (p<0.09) calcium at 3 weeks. Significantly lower phosphorus was also observed in Exp. 2. With continued supplement of Cr as in Exp. 1, the alkaline phosphatase activity maintained higher at 6 weeks, as opposed to significantly lower in Exp. 2, which had no further Cr supplement. Higher bone breaking strength was observed in 400 ppb Cr supplemented in Exp. 1, though not significantly different. Serum glucose and triglyceride were not affected by Cr supplement. Antibody against Infectious Bronchitis (IB) was significantly (p<0.05) higher with 400 ppb Cr supplemented, and anti-Newcastle disease (ND) antibody also tended to be higher (p<0.06) in pooled Cr added group at 6 weeks of age in Exp. 1. Peripheral blood blastogenesis activity was not different among the treatments. The results suggest that diet supplemented with 400 ppb CrPic may be beneficial to the broiler.