• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.987-997
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• 2016

The objective of the study was to compare the carcass characteristics, meat quality, and blood parameters of slow and fast grown female broiler chickens fed in organic or conventional production system. The two genotypes tested were medium slow-growing chickens (SG, Hubbard Red JA) and commercial fast-growing chickens (FG, Ross 308). Both genotypes (each represented by 400 chickens) were divided into two sub-groups fed either organic (O) or conventional (C) systems. Chickens of each genotype and system were raised in a semi environmentally controlled poultry house until 21 d of age and were assigned to 5 pens of 40 chickens each. Then, O system chickens were transferred into an open-side poultry house with an outdoor run. At 81 d of age, 10 female chickens from each genotype and from each production system (n = 40) were randomly chosen to provide material for analysis, and were weighed and brought to the slaughterhouse to assess carcass characteristics and meat quality. The blood parameters were determined by using 5 female chickens from each genotype and from each production system (n = 20). FG had the higher live weight, along with carcass, breast, and thigh-drumstick weights compared to SG (p<0.05). FG had the higher breast yield, whereas SG had the higher thigh-drumstick yield (p<0.05). The O system resulted in a higher amount of abdominal fat (p<0.05). In addition, the O system values were higher for dry matter, crude ash, crude protein, and $pH^{15}$ values in breast meat, and for crude ash, crude protein, and $pH^{15}$ values in drumstick meat (p<0.05). In addition, total saturated fatty acids, total mono-unsaturated fatty acids, and total omega 3 were significantly higher in the O system than in the C system. Thus, the O system showed a positive advantage compared to the C system regarding female chicken meat quality, primarily within the ash, protein, and total omega 3 fatty acid profiles. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the main factor affecting the carcass characteristics of female chickens was genotype, whereas the organic system contributed to enhanced meat quality. These findings provide a better understanding of the relative roles of genotype and production systems in female broiler characteristics, and might aid producers in designing their facilities to optimize yield and quality while maintaining acceptable animal welfare standards.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.579-587
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• 2020

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of yeast products on growth performance, visceral organ weights, endogenous enzyme activities, ileal nutrient digestibility and meat yield of broiler chickens fed diets containing autolyzed whole yeast (WY) and yeast cell walls (YCW) at varying levels of inclusion. Methods: Nine dietary treatments consisting of WY or YCW included at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 g/kg diet and a control diet without yeast supplementation was used in the experiment. Each of the nine treatments was replicated six times with nine birds per replicate. Birds were housed in cages, in climate-controlled rooms and fed starter, grower and finisher diets. Results: There was an improvement (p<0.05) in body weight gain and feed conversion ratio on d 10, 24, and 35 for birds fed 1.0 to 2.0 g/kg WY or YCW diet. Small intestine weight was heavier on d 10 and 24 for birds on higher levels of WY and YCW compared to the control group. On d 10 and 24, there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in tissue protein content and pancreatic enzyme activities (trypsin and chymotrypsin) of birds on 1.5 to 2.0 g/kg WY and YCW diets compared to the control group. Compared to the control group, birds on WY (2.0 g/kg diet) and YCW (at 1.5 and 2.0 g/kg diet) had better (p<0.05) protein digestibility on d 24. On d 35, there was significant improvement (p<0.05) in percentage of carcass, absolute and relative breast weight for broiler chickens fed WY and YCW mostly at 2 g/kg diet compared to birds on the control diet. Conclusion: Supplementation of diets with autolyzed WY and YCW products especially at 1.5 to 2.0 g/kg diet improved broiler chicken performance and meat yield through their positive effects on ileal protein digestibility and pancreatic enzyme activities.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.115-125
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• 1984

Broiler 사료에 있어서 밀기울 대신 느타리버섯재배 폐볏집을 대치하는 실험을 1,2차에 걸쳐 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 공시재료인 느타리버섯재배 폐볏짚의 조성분을 분석한 바 원료볏짚과 비교하면 조단백질은 1.5% 증가되었고, 조지방에는 큰 변화가 없었으나 가용 무질소물과 조섬유는 약 10%이상 감소를 보이고 있었다. 2. 증체량은 느타리버섯재배 폐볏짚으로 대치한 구가 대조구에 비해 더욱 빨리 증체하는 경향을 보였으며, 특히 4% 대치구와 유의성을 나타내고 있었다 (P＜0.05). 3. 사료섭취량은 폐볏짚으로 대치한 구가 많이 섭취하였으나 처리구간에 유의성을 나타내지 않았다. 4. 사료효율에 있어서도 처리구간에 유의성은 없었다. 5. Amino 산의 조성에 있어서는 밀기울과 느타리버섯재배 폐볏짚과 비교한 바 methionine만이 0.01% 다량 함유되어 있었고 여타 amino산은 모두 소량 함유되어 있었다. 6. 폐볏짚의 사용량 증가를 위하여 6% 폐볏짚을 밀기울과 대치하고 메치오닌 혼합제를 첨가한 결과 증체량, 사료섭취량 및 사료효율에 있어서 유의성은 없으나 시험구가 대조구에 비하여 사료는 많이 섭취하고 사료효율은 낮아지는 경향을 보이고 있었다. 7. 경제성을 분석한 바 메치오닌 첨가구가 대조구에 비하여 kg당 생산원가 높아져 (P＜0.01) 6%까지 대치함은 경제성이 없음을 인지하게 되었다. 따라서 1, 2차시험 결과로 볼 때 폐볏짚에 의한 밀기울 대치는 4%가 한계라고 사료된다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.311-320
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate detecting methods and the relationship between tissues and blood for enrofloxacin and metabolic ciprofloxacin residues in broiler chickens. Two groups of broiler chickens were administrated via the drinking water with $50{\mu}g/mL$ and $100{\mu}g/mL$ of enrofloxacin for 5 days, respectively. The concentration of enrofloxacin and metabolic ciprofloxacin in tissues (muscle and kidney) and blood were measured during administration period (for 5 days) and withdrawal period (for 12 days) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Also, all samples were conducted for screening of residues by microbial method using E. coli for quinolone detection and immuno-chromatography method using Smart kit. The relationship between tissues (muscle and kidney) and blood for enrofloxacin and metabolic ciprofloxacin residues in broiler chickens was followed : The levels of enrofloxacin and metabolic ciprofloxacin residues in muscle and kidney were higher 2.9~3.2 folds, 3.6~3.8 folds more than the residues levels in blood, respectively. These results support we can predict the residues in muscle and kidney from the residues in blood. In comparison of detecting methods for antibiotic residues, microbial method using E. coli for quinolone detection and immuno-chromatography method using Smart kit could detect positive reaction at similar or lower concentration than violative concentration of enrofloxacin and metabolic ciprofloxacin in chicken tissues. These results support what two screening methods are useful for screening of quinolone detection in chickens.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.307-314
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• 2009

육계사료 내 마늘분말의 첨가급여가 육계의 성장성적과 간 HMG-CoA reductase의 발현에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였다. 1일령의 육계 Ross 수평아리에게 마늘분말을 0%(항생제 첨가 또는 항생제 무첨가), 1%, 3% 및 5%의 수준으로 첨가한 실험사료를 각각 6주간 급여하였다. 증체량은 항생제 무첨가 대조구에 비하여 마늘분말 3% 및 5%를 첨가한 처리구에서 유의하게 증가하였으며(P<0.05), 사료섭취량은 처리구간 차이가 없었다. 육계 사료 내 5%까지의 마늘분말의 첨가급여는 증체량과 사료섭취량에 부정적인 영향을 주지 않았다. 간, 비장, 맹장 및 가슴 근육에 대한 상대적 중량은 처리가 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 근육 내 콜레스레롤 함량은 항생제 첨가 대조구에 비해 감소하였으나 통계적인 유의차는 나타나지 않았다. IB 항체 생성량은 항생제 무첨가 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 간의 HMGCoA reductase mRNA의 발현은 대조구에 비해 마늘분말을 첨가한 모든 처리구에서 저하된 것으로 관찰되었다. 본 연구에서 사료 내 마늘의 첨가급여는 육계의 성장촉진 효과를 나타내었으며, 콜레스테롤 대사에 영향을 미칠 수 있음이 시사되었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권3_spc호
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• pp.385-392
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• 2021

Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of lycopene on growth performance, abdominal fat deposition, serum lipids levels, activities of hepatic lipid metabolism related enzymes and genes expression in broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 256 healthy one-day-old male Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups with eight replicates of eight birds each. Birds were fed basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg lycopene, respectively. Results: Dietary 100 mg/kg lycopene increased the body weight at 21 day of age compared to the control group (p<0.05). Compared to the basal diet, broilers fed diet with 100 mg/kg lycopene had decreased abdominal fat weight, and broilers fed diet with 100 and 200 mg/kg lycopene had decreased abdominal fat percentage (p<0.05). Compared to control, diets with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg lycopene reduced the levels of total triglyceride and total cholesterol in serum, and diets with 100 and 200 mg/kg lycopene reduced the level of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05). The activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) in 400 mg/kg lycopene treated broilers and the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg lycopene treated broilers were lower than those fed basal diet (p<0.05). Lycopene increased the mRNA abundance of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase α (AMPK-α), whereas decreased the mRNA abundance of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, FAS, and ACC compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dietary lycopene supplementation can alleviate abdominal fat deposition and decrease serum lipids levels, possibly through activating the AMPK signaling pathway, thereby regulating lipid metabolism such as lipogenesis. Therefore, lycopene or lycopene-rich plant materials might be added to poultry feed to regulate lipid metabolism.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.64-74
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary multi-strain probiotic (MSP) (Bacillus coagulans Unique IS2 + Bacillus subtillis UBBS14 + Saccharomyces boulardii Unique 28) on performance, gut morphology and expression of nutrient transporter related genes in broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 256 (4×8×8) day-old CARIBRO Vishal commercial broiler chicks of uniform body weight were randomly distributed into four treatments with 8 replicates each and having eight chicks in each replicate. Four dietary treatments were T₁ (negative control-basal diet), T₂ (positive control-antibiotic bacitracin methylene disalicylate at 20 mg/kg diet), T₃ (MSP at 10⁷ colony-forming unit [CFU]/g feed), and T₄ (MSP at 10⁸ CFU/g feed). Results: During 3 to 6 weeks and 0 to 6 weeks, the body weight gain increased significantly (p<0.05) in T₃ and T₄ groups. The feed intake significantly (p<0.05) reduced from T₁ to T₃ during 0 to 3 weeks and the feed conversion ratio also significantly (p<0.05) improved in T₃ and T₄ during 0 to 6 weeks. The humoral and cell mediated immune response and the weight of immune organs were also significantly (p<0.05) improved in T₃ and T₄. However, significant (p<0.05) dietary effects were observed on intestinal histo-morphometry of ileum in T₃ followed by T₄ and T₂. At 14 d post hatch, the relative gene expression of glucose transporter (GLUT5), sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT₁) and peptide transporter (PepT₁) showed a significant (p<0.05) up-regulating pattern in T₂, T₃, and T₄. Whereas, at 21 d post hatch, the gene expression of SGLT₁ and PepT₁ was significantly (p<0.05) downregulated in MSP supplemented treatments T₃ and T₄. Conclusion: The supplementation of MSP at 10⁷ CFU/g diet showed significant effects with improved performance, immune response, gut morphology and expression of nutrient transporter genes. Thus, the MSP could be a suitable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in chicken diets.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 1985

항생제인 Spiramycin과 Virginiamycin의 성장촉진 효과를 측정하기 위하여 총 360수의 육용계 (broiler chicken) 초생추를 battery에 수용하여 각각 6주씩 2차에 걸친 사양시험과 4일간의 대사시험을 실시하였다. 1차 실험에서는 고단백(21.9%), 고열량( 3159kca1/kg) 사료를 사용하였으며 180수의 숫병아리를 10수씩 무첨가구 Spiramycin(5ppm)구 및 Virginiamycin(5ppm)구에 각각 6반복씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 2차실험에서는 중단백( 19,95%), 중열량(2931 kca1/kg) 사료를 사용하고 90수의 숫병아리와 90수의 암병아리를 10수씩 분리하여 처리당 암ㆍ수 각각 3 반복씩 배치하였다. 사양시험을 통하여 얻어진 증체량, 사료섭취량, 사료효율 및 폐사율은 처리구간에 통계적 유의차가 없었으나 1, 2차 실험 공히 항생제 B구가 무처리구(1차실험) 또는 항생제 A구(2차실험) 보다 약 3% 높은 증체량을 나타내었다. 사료효율에 있어서도 항생제 B구가 가장 좋은 경향을 보여주었다. 2차실험의 결과에 의하면 증체량, 사료섭취량 및 사료효율에 있어서 암수간에는 유의한(p〈0.01) 차이가 있었다. 대사시험결과 항생제 B구가 타처리구보다 영양소 이용률이 높은 경향을 나타내었으며 특히 1차 실험에 있어서 조지방의 이용률은 타처리에 비해 유의하게 (p〈0.01) 높았고 조섬유이용률도 항생제 A구에 비해 유의하게 (p〈0.05) 높았다. 한편 대사체중당 소장의 무게와 길이는 항생제 B구가 타처리구에 비해 무겁고 긴 경향을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권6호
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• pp.1226-1241
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• 2023

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral that plays an important role in physiological processes by regulating the antioxidant defense system and enhancing immunity. Chromium is an essential mineral involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and also plays a role in maintaining normal insulin function. Based on these advantages, we hypothesized that the addition of selenomethionine (SeMet) and organic chromium (OC) to broiler diets would increase Se deposition, antioxidant capacity and immune response in meat. Therefore, this study analyzed the effects of OC and SeMet on growh performance, nutrients digestibility, blood profiles, intestinal morphology, meat quality characteristics, and taxonomic analysis of broilers. A total of 168 one-day-old broiler chicken (Arbor Acres) were randomly allotted to 3 groups based on the initial body weight of 37.33 ± 0.24 g with 7 replicate per 8 birds (mixed sex). The experiments period was 28 days. Dietary treatments were folloewd: Basal diets based on corn-soybean meal (CON), basal diet supplemented with 0.2 ppm OC and 0.2 ppm SeMet (CS4), and basal diet supplemented with 0.4 ppm OC and 0.4 ppm SeMet (CS8). Supplementation of OC and SeMet did not affect on growth performance, nutrient digestibility. However, CS8 supplementation increased in duodenum villus height and villus height : crypt depth, and increased in breast meat Se deposition. In addition, CS8 group showed higher uric acid and total antioxidant status than CON group. Taxonomic analysis at phylum level revealed that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes of CS4 and CS8 were lower than CON group. In genus level, the relative abundance of fecal Lactobacillus and Enterococcus of CS4 and CS8 groups were higher than CON group. In short, 0.4 ppm OC and 0.4 ppm SeMet supplementation to broiler diet supporitng positive gut microbiome change, also enhancing antioxidant capacity, and Se deposition in breast meat.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

닭고기의 사육 형태에 따라 유창계사와 무창계사로 구분하고 또한 사육 밀도에 따라 고밀도, 표준, 저밀도 사육구로 구분하여 창의 유무와 사육 밀도가 최종 닭고기의 품질에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 평가하고자 실시하였다. 유창계사에서는 고밀도 사육 시 닭도체의 $1^+$ 등급 발생율이 고밀도 사육($0.05\;m^2$/수)은 26%, 표준 사육($0.066\;m^2$/수)은 52%, 저밀도사육($0.083\;m^2$/수)은 66%로 저밀도 사육이 고밀도 사육에 비해 2.5배 이상 증가하였다. 가슴육의 PSE 및 품질은 고밀도 사육에서 $1^+$ 등급은 76%를 차지하였으나, 저밀도 사육구에서는 86%로 사육 밀도가 낮을수록 $1^+$ 등급 발생 비율이 증가하였다. PSE 증상은 고밀도 사육구에서 경증, 중증 각각 4%를 나타냈고, 저밀도 사육구에서는 PSE 증상이 전혀 나타나지 않았다. 다리육은 $1^+$ 등급 출현율이 고밀도 사육구에서는 88%, 표준 사육구는 83%, 저밀도 사육구는 91%로 표준 사육구에서 83%로 약간 저하되었으며, 전체적으로 사육 밀도에 따라 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 무창계사에서는 $1^+$ 등급 발생율이 고밀도 사육($0.035\;m^2$/수)은 18%, 표준 사육($0.046\;m^2$/수)은 8%, 저밀도 사육($0.058\;m^2$/수)은 46%로 저밀도 사육이 고밀도 사육에 비해 2.6배 이상 증가하였다. 가슴육은 고밀도 사육에서 $1^+$ 등급은 58%를 차지하였으나 저밀도 사육구에서는 72%으로 사육 밀도가 낮을수록 $1^+$ 등급 발생 비율이 증가하였다. 다리육은 $1^+$ 등급 출현율이 고밀도 사육구에서는 88%, 표준 사육구는 83%, 저밀도 사육구는 91%로 표준 사육구에서 83%으로 약간 저하되었으나, 전체적으로 사육 밀도에 따라 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과로서 유창계사에서는 고밀도 사육 시 닭고기의 $1^+$ 등급 발생 비율이 현저히 저하될 뿐 아니라 가슴 부위의 딱지 비율이 급격히 증가되었고, 무창계사는 유창계사와 비슷한 경향을 보였고, 환기 및 배수 시설이 불량할 경우는 오히려 유창계사에서 생산된 닭고기 보다 품질이 떨어지는 것을 확인하였다.