• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.509-516
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• 2021

본 연구는 Cysteamine hydrochloride (CSH)의 사료 내 첨가 급여가 육용계의 생산성 및 소화율에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 1 일령의 Ross broiler 수컷 180 수를 공시하여 3 개의 실험그룹에 각각 3 반복으로 반복 당 20 수씩 배치하였다. 실험설계는 Control (Basal diets), CSH-1 (Basal diets+250 mg CSH/kg feed), CSH-2 (Basal diets+500 mg CSH/kg feed)으로 디자인하였다. 육성 초기 동안의 일당 사료섭취량, 체중, 일당 증체량, 사료요구율, 육성률은 모든 실험그룹들 사이에서 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 육성 후기와 전체 실험기간 동안의 결과를 종합적으로 평가한 경우, CSH-1과 CSH-2 그룹은 Control 그룹과 비교하여 사료요구율이 유의하게 개선되는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 한편, CSH의 사료 내 첨가는 육용계에 있어서 도체율과 정육률(가슴근육, 다리근육)에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 유기물의 소화율은 CSH-2 그룹이 대조구에 비하여 높은 경향으로 나타났으나, 통계적인 유의차는 인정되지 않았다(p<0.1). 본 연구의 결과는 사료 내 250-500 mg/kg의 CSH 첨가 급여는 육용계의 사료요구율 및 유기물소화율을 개선시킬 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1128-1135
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary green tea extract (GTE) on the performance, carcass and gastrointestinal tract (gut) traits, caecal coliform bacteria count, and pH and color (CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$) values of the breast muscle in broilers. A total number of 600 day-old broilers (Ross 308) was allocated to three treatments with four replicates containing 50 (25 males and 25 females) birds. The dietary treatments consisted of the basal diet as the control (0GTE) and diets with GTE at 0.1 (0.1GTE) or 0.2 (0.2GTE) g/kg. Body weights and the feed intake of broilers were measured at 1, 21 and 42 days, the feed intake was measured for different periods and the feed conversion ratio was calculated accordingly. At 42 day four birds per replicate were slaughtered for the determination of carcass and organ weights, caecal coliform bacteria count, and also quality of the breast muscle. The dietary GTE increased the body weight, feed efficiency, carcass weight and dressing percentage and decreased caecal coliform bacteria count of broilers (p<0.05). The 0GTE broilers consumed (p<0.01) less feed than the 0.1GTE birds in the entire experimental period. The relative abdominal fat weight and gut length of broilers in the 0.2GTE were tended to be lower (p<0.07) than those in the 0GTE group. The breast meat from 0.1GTE birds had a lower pH value when compared to that from 0GTE birds. The 0.1GTE broilers had lighter breast meat than 0GTE and 0.2GTE birds. The dietary GTE increased $a^*$ and $b^*$ values of the breast meat. Thus this product appeared to have a measurable impact on CIE color values of the breast meat in broilers. The results of the present study may indicate that the improved production results in the group with added GTE are directly connected with physiological mechanisms such as the regulation of the caecal micro-flora.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1474-1483
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• 2013

The objective was to evaluate the use of prediction equations based on the chemical composition of feedstuffs to estimate the values of apparent metabolisable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) of corn and soybean meal for broilers. For performance and carcass characteristics, 1,200 one-d-old birds (male and female) were allotted to a completely randomised factorial $2{\times}8$ (two genders and eight experimental diets) with three replicates of each sex with 25 birds. In the metabolism trial, 240 eight-d-old birds were distributed in the same design, but with a split plot in time (age of evaluation) with five, four and three birds per plot, respectively, in stages 8 to 21, 22 to 35, and 36 to 42 d of age. The treatments consisted of the use of six equations systems to predict the AMEn content of feedstuffs, tables of food composition and AMEn values obtained by in vivo assay, totalling eight treatments. Means were compared by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability and a confidence interval of 95% was used to check the fit of the energy values of the diets to the requirements of the birds. As a result of this study, the use of prediction equations resulted in better adjustment to the broiler requirements, resulting in better performance and carcass characteristics compared to the use of tables, however, the use of energy values of feedstuffs obtained by in vivo assay is still the most effective. The best equations were: AMEn = 4,021.8-227.55 Ash (for corn) combined with AMEn = -822.33+69.54 CP-45.26 ADF+90.81 EE (for soybean meal); AMEn = 36.21 CP+85.44 EE+37.26 NFE (nitrogen-free extract) (for corn) combined with AMEn = 37.5 CP+46.39 EE+14.9 NFE (for soybean); and AMEn = 4,164.187+51.006 EE-197.663 Ash-35.689 CF-20.593 NDF (for corn and soybean meal).

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2011

본 시험은 육계에 솔잎 분말의 급여량에 따라(0. 0.3%, 0.6% 및 0.9%) 5주간 사육한 육계의 생산성과 계육의 일반성분, 도체특성 및 혈액성상을 조사하였다. 실험구는 솔잎 분말을 첨가 급여하지 않은 처리구를 대조구, 솔잎 분말 0.3% 급여구는 T1, 솔잎 분말 0.6% 급여구는 T2 그리고 솔잎 분말 0.9% 급여구를 T3 등 4개 처리구로 나누어 실시하였다. 육계의 생산성은 처리구간 유의적인 변화는 없었고, 폐사율은 대조구와 T1에 비해 T2와 T3에서 낮아졌으며, T2와 T3간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다(P<0.05). 계육의 수분, 조단백질, 조지방 및 조회분 등의 일반성분은 유의성이 없었다. 도체 특성 중 도체중, 도체율 및 비장 무게는 처리구 간에 유의성이 없었고, 간의 무게는 대조구와 T1은 비슷하지만, T2와 T3는 유의하게 가벼웠는데 급여량이 많은 T3에서 다소 가벼운 결과이었다(P<0.05). 복강지방은 솔잎 분말의 급여량이 늘어남에 따라 감소하는 경향으로 T3에서 유의적으로 가벼웠다(P<0.05). 육계의 혈액 성상 중 HDL-cholesterol과 glucose는 솔잎 급여구에서 높았고, 총 콜레스테롤과 LDL-cholesterol은 낮아지는 결과로(P<0.05) 솔잎을 0.6% 이상 급여할 경우 유의한 변화를 보였다. TBARS는 솔잎 분말의 급여량이 증가함에 따라 다소 감소하였고, 보수성과 전단력은 유의성이 없는 결과이었다. 결론적으로 솔잎 분말을 0.6% 이상 급여하면(T2) 육계의 폐사율이 낮아지고, 총콜레스테롤, LDL-cholesterol이 감소하며, HDL-cholesterol이 증가함으로 혈액 성상을 개선할 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2020

본 실험은 육계사료에 효소제와 미생물제제의 첨가가 육계의 생산성, 도체성적, 장내미생물 및 분뇨의 악취성상에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 실시되었다. 병아리(2일령, Ross 308, 육계) 180수를 공시했으며, 대조구와 사료에 metallo-protease를 0.1%, 0.2%씩 첨가한 0.1% EZ군, 0.2% EZ군과 2.0% Bacillus velezensis CE를 사료에 첨가한 M군과 사료와 음수에 2.0%씩 첨가한 MW군으로 나누어, 5처리 3반복으로 반복 당 12수씩 임의배치하였다. 적응기간을 거친 후 전기 3주간, 후기 3주를 포함하여 총 43일 동안 사양하였다. 종료체중, 증체량, 사료요구율, 단백질효율, 에너지효율은 모든 처리에서 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 도체중, 선위, 근위, 심장, 소장, 맹장, 직장의 무게는 모든 처리에서 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으나, 간의 무게는 0.1% EZ군이 대조구, M군, MW군보다 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). Total bacteria 수는 0.1% EZ군과 0.2% EZ군이 대조구, MW군보다 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). E. coli 수는 MW군이 대조구와 M군보다 유의적으로 낮았으며(P<0.05), M군은 0.2% EZ군과 MW군보다 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 계분의 황화수소 발생량은 모든 처리간에 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, 암모니아 발생량은 0.1% EZ군이 MW군 보다 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 본 실험결과, 단백질 분해 효소제를 0.1% 첨가할 경우 육계의 장기 중 간의 발달에 효과적임을 보였으나, 첨가수준별로 유의적인 차이가 없어 추후 연구가 필요하다고 판단되며, 미생물제제의 첨가는 장내 미생물과 계분의 악취 발생량을 개선시키는 효과가 있음을 보였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.745-752
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• 2007

본 연구는 닭고기의 감마지방산 축적에 관한 서로 다른 수준의 달맞이꽃 종자유 급여효과를 조사하였다. 로스(Ross)종 1일령 broiler 수컷 600수를 6처리구${\times}$4반복으로 완전임의 배치하였다. 브로일러는 포화지방산 급원으로서 우지를 함유하는 대조구, 감마지방산 급원으로서 달맞이꽃 종자유(EPO, evening primrose oil) 0.5%, EPO 혼합유(EPO 70:대두유 30) 0.7%, EPO 1.5%, EPO 3.0% 및 EPO 4.0% 첨가사료를 브로일러 후기 2주 동안 섭취하였다. 체중은 0.5% EPO 첨가구를 제외하고는 대조구와 처리구간 통계적유의차가 있었다(p<0.05). 도체중에 대한 다리살과 가슴살의 무게비율은 다리살에서 0.5% EPO 첨가구 및 가슴살에서 0.5% EPO 첨가구와 4.0% EPO 첨가구를 제외하고는 대조구와 처리구간 유의성이 인정되었다(p<0.05). EPO 첨가사료를 섭취한 닭고기 피부와 가슴살 지질의 포화지방산 조성은 대조구에 비해서 유의적으로 낮아졌으나 불포화지방산 조성은 대조구와 비교할 때 EPO 첨가구가 높았다(p<0.05). 특히, 닭고기 부위별 지질의 감마지방산(GLA, gamma-linolenicacid, 18:3n-6) 조성은 대조구와 비교할 때 EPO 첨가구에서 높았다(p<0.05). 이 결과는 육계사료 내 달맞이꽃 종자유를 첨가.급여함으로써 감마지방산이 강화된 새로운 기능성 닭고기를 생산할 수 있음을 시사해 준다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1495-1500
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• 2003

Two bio-assays were conducted to evaluate turmeric root powder and mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) as alternatives to feed antibiotics for broilers. In one trial, one hundred and eighty 19-days old broilers assigned to 18 groups of 10 were fed on one of six experimental diets with three replicates during four weeks. The diets included a basal feed without additives and with either virginiamycin, MOS, or turmeric at 1, 2 and 3 g/kg, respectively. In the second trial, one hundred and forty four 21-days old broilers arranged in 16 groups of nine were fed on the first four diets with four replicates for a similar period. Virginiamycin, MOS and turmeric (1 g/kg) in the first trial generally improved the weight gain of broilers by 3.4, 6.2 and 5.3%, respectively. In the second trial they increased the weight gain significantly (p<0.05) by 8.8, 8.0 and 15.1%, respectively. Additives improved the feed efficiency up to 15.1% and carcass recovery up to 3.1% (p<0.05). Virginiamycin, MOS and turmeric (1 g/kg) markedly reduced the abdominal fat content from 1.91% BW in the control to 1.44, 0.97 and 1.2% BW, respectively, in the first trial. The corresponding values obtained in the second trial were 1.01, 0.55 and 0.6%, respectively as compared to 1.22% in the control group. All additives showed a remarkable inhibition of duodenal coliform bacteria, yeast and mould in the caecum, and all viable microbes in the ileum. A significant (p<0.05) improvement in energy and protein utilization could be recorded with supplemented diets except for high turmeric diets. Dietary 2 and 3 g/kg addition of turmeric reduced energy and protein utilization as well as fat deposition. Present results reveal that turmeric and MOS are satisfactory alternatives to antibiotics in broiler feeds. Both MOS and turmeric possess an antimicrobial effect in vivo. Turmeric may also depress fat deposition in broilers.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.411-418
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• 2018

A total of 576 seven-day-old male Ross 308 broilers with an average initial BW of $180{\pm}1g$ were used in a 4 week feeding experiment which included a starter phase (7 to 21 d) and a grower phase (22 to 35 d). Birds were randomly allocated into 1 of 3 treatments with 12 replicates per treatment and 16 birds per pen. The treatments consisted of the following: T1, Control; T2, T1 + 0.1% Creamer (Dongsuh Foods Corporation, Incheon, Korea), and T3, T1 + 0.5% Creamer. The broilers were weighed by pen and feed intake (FI) and the number of living broiler chickens were recorded on d 7, 21, and 35. These information were used to calculate the body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). As results of this experiment, there were no significant differences in the BWG, FCR and nutrient digestibility among the treatments. With regards to meat quality, no adverse effects were observed among the treatments. However, a higher score in redness was observed in T3 than in T1. In addition, the relative weight of breast muscle was reduced in T3 compared with T1. Regardless of the nondairy creamer (NDC) inclusion levels, no negative effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility were observed. In conclusion, non-dairy creamer could be a kind of fat sources additive in broiler diets, further studies are needed to test the optimum levels of the NDC to be supplemented in broilers diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2004

The present experiment was conducted to assess the efficacy of methionine hydroxy analogue free fatty acid (MHAFA) in comparison to DL-methionine (DL-Met) utilizing day-old commercial broiler chicks (n=300). The chicks were randomly distributed into 30 groups of 10 chicks each. Three dietary treatments, viz. D1-maize-soybean meal based basal diet (Control), D2- control diet supplemented with DL- methionine to meet its requirements and D3-control supplemented with MHA-FA @ 1.54 times of DL-methionine used in D2, were formulated. Each dietary treatment was offered to 10 replicated groups of chicks following completely random design (CRD). The chicks fed on supplemental DL-Met had significantly higher (p<0.01) gain in body weight, followed by MHA-FA group and control during 0-3 weeks of age. During overall growth period (0-6 weeks), chicks in DL-Met and MHA-FA groups grew better (p<0.01) than those in control. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved (p<0.01) on supplementation of either DL- Met or MHA-FA in the basal (Control) diet during 0-3 weeks of age. The FCR for overall period, however, did not differ statistically (p>0.05) amongst the treatments. The eviscerated yields emanated from diets with DL-Met or MHA-FA were higher (p<0.01) than that in Control. Abdominal fat pad was also more (p<0.01) in broilers fed control diet than in DL-Met or MHA-FA supplemented group. Breast yield was higher (p<0.05) in MHA-FA fed broilers than those fed DL-methionine supplemented or un-supplemented diets. The efficacy of MHA-FA in comparison to DL-Met for growth was 62.11, 64.82 and 63.88% and for feed efficiency was 62.98, 67.73 and 64.01% at 0-3, 3-6 and 0-6 weeks of age, respectively, while it was 65.85, 71.40 and 67.49% for eviscerated yield, abdominal fat pad reduction and breast yield at 6 weeks of age, respectively.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.751-758
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• 2021

Objective: The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between the mRNA expression of adipocyte type fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) and heart type FABP (H-FABP) in Thai native chicken crossbreeds and evaluate the level of exotic inclusion in native chicken that will improve growth while maintaining its relatively low carcass fat. Methods: The fat deposition traits and mRNA expression of A-FABP and H-FABP were evaluated at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks of age in 4 chicken breeds (n = 8/breed/wk) (100% Chee breed [CH] [100% Thai native chicken background], CH male and broiler female [Kaimook e-san1; KM1] [50% CH background], broiler male and KM1 female [Kaimook e-san2; KM2] [25% CH background], and broiler [BR]) using abdominal fat (ABF) and muscular tissues. Results: The BR breed was only evaluated at 6 weeks of age. At week 6, the CH breed had a significantly lower A-FABP expression in ABF and intramuscular fat (IF) compared with the other breeds. At 8 to 12 weeks, the KM2 groups showed significant upregulation (p<0.05) of A-FABP in both ABF and IF compared to the CH and KM1 groups. The expression of H-FABP did not follow any consistent pattern in both ABF and IF across the different ages. Conclusion: Some level of crossbreeding CH chickens can be done to improve growth rate while maintaining their low ABF and IF. The expression level of A-FABP correlate with most fat traits. There was no consistency of H-FABP expression across breed. A-FABPs is involved in fat deposition, genetic markers in these genes could be used in marker assisted studies to select against excessive fat accumulation.