• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.19-33
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• 1982

우리나라에서 대량으로 제기되는 연탄재는 밀도가 낮으면서도 충분한 강도를 가지며 표면적을 많이 제공할 뿐만 아니라 흡착성이 있으므로 고정미생물막공법에서 매질로 사용하여 유기성 폐수를 처리하면 유기물 제거효율이 매우 높을 뿐만 아니라, 처리수의 BOD농도를 표면부하나 용적부하로 계산할 수 있으므로 처리시설의 설제가 용이한 경제적인 폐수처리공법이 될 수 있다. 그러나 연탄재 매질을 장기간 사용하면 원수내의 SS, 성장한 미생물의 탈리 등에 의하여 처리수의 수질이 악화될 수도 있으므로 종말침전지가 요구될 수도 있다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.301-305
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• 1986

수도육묘용(水稻育苗用) 상토(床土)의 자가제조이용(自家製造利用)을 목적(目的)으로 상토개발(床土開發)을 연탄재를 활용(活用)하여 수행(遂行)하였으며 일반(一般) 논양토(壤土) 및 산양토(壤土)를 대조(對照)로 하여 육묘시험(育苗試驗)을 한 결과(結果) 연탄재 단독(單獨)에서는 건물중(乾物重)이 다소 떨어졌으나 연탄재+제오라이트, 연탄재+규조토(硅藻土)에서는 대조(對照)와 대등(對等)하였다. 한편 상토(床土)의 pH는 연탄재단독(單獨)과 토양(土壤)에 퇴비(堆肥)를 혼합(混合)한 상토(床土)에서 높아 립고병(立枯病)이 발병(發病)되었다. 토양(土壤)에 퇴비(堆肥)를 혼합(混合)하지 않고도 양묘(良苗)의 육성(育成)이 가능(可能)하였으며 특(特)히 연탄재를 이용(利用)하여 제조(製造)한 상토(床土)에서도 양묘(良苗)의 육성(育成)이 가능(可能)하였다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.34-43
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• 2015

철강 산업에서의 원재료는 생산성, 품질, 가격경쟁력에 결정적인 역할을 하고 있다. 철강제품의 원재료를 함철부산물로 활용한다면, 함철부산물을 처리하기 위한 비용 및 환경오염문제를 해결할 뿐만 아니라 가격경쟁력을 높일 수 있다. 함철부산물들은 대부분 작읍입도를 가지고 있어서, 제강공정 내에 직접 투입하게 되면 열 유동 및 원료 비산 등의 문제가 발생하게 된다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하고 추가적인 환원을 유도하기 위해 철원에 탄재를 혼합한 뒤 단괴를 성형하여 제강공정 내에 투입하는 방법이 연구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 함철부산물에 탄재를 혼합하여 단괴를 성형하는 방법에 대해 연구하였다. 함철부산물, 탄재, 융제, 바인더에 따른 CCBI (carbon composite briquette iron)의 성형성 및 압축강도를 확인하였다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2017

반도체 산업의 실리콘(Si) 제조과정에서 실리콘과 실리콘 카바이드(SiC)를 포함하는 폐 슬러리가 발생하게 된다. 폐 슬러리는 단순히 시멘트로 고형화하여 보관하거나 매립하는 방법이 있지만, 본 연구에서는 제강공정의 부원료인 승온제로 사용하는 방안이 제시되었다. 폐 슬러리를 정제하여 분말을 만들어 SiC계 슬러지 브리켓으로 재활용하였다. SiC계 슬러지 브리켓은 화학적 성분을 분석하고 투입시기와 투입량에 따른 승온제 특성을 관찰하였다. 이 결과 SiC계 슬러지 브리켓은 제강공장에서 저비용과 고효율로 용강온도를 높이는 효과가 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.207-221
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• 2023

The increasing demand for clean energy requires considerable effort to find alternative energy sources, such as briquettes. This research aims to develop a charcoal briquette with added pine resin (API) that has excellent combustion speed and distinctive aroma. Briquettes are composed of charcoal, pine resin (concentration: 0%-30%), and starch (up to 7%). They are produced in several stages, including coconut shell pyrolysis in conventional combustion, to obtain charcoal for the briquette precursor. Briquette compaction is conducted by mixing and densifying the charcoal, pine resin, and starch using a hydraulic press for 3 min. The hydraulic press has a total surface area and diameter of 57.7 cm² and 3.5 cm, respectively. The briquettes are dried at different temperatures, reaching 70℃ for 24 h. The study results show that the briquettes have a thickness and diameter of up to 2 and 3.5 cm, respectively; moisture of 2.18%-2.62%; ash of 11.61%-13.98%; volatile matter of 27.15%-51.74%; and fixed carbon content of 40.24%-59.46%. The compressive strength of the briquettes is 186-540 kg/cm². Their calorific value is 5,338-6,120 kcal/kg, combusting at a high speed of 0.15-0.40 s. The methoxy naphthalene, phenol, benzopyrrole, and lauryl alcohol; ocimene, valencene, and cembrene are found in the API. The API briquette has several chemical compounds, such as musk ambrette, ocimene, sabinene, limonene, 1-(p-cumenyl) adamantane, butane, and propanal, which improve aroma, drug application, and fuel production. Accordingly, API briquettes have considerable potential as an alternative energy source and a health improvement product.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.381-386
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• 2005

In order to have compressive strength tests and frost heaving tests, two sorts of soil samples at Chonbuk-Do area were used. According to this research, the compressive strength of soil which was mixed by quick lime, was largely increased until 28 days but after 28 days, the increment of strength was seldom found and its maximum compressive strength increasing rate for content of quick lime was $10{\sim}15%$ scope. In the mixed rates of quick lime and briquette ash, the compressive strength of soil which was mixed by quick lime and briquette ash, was increased by increasing mixed rates of quick lime and its compressive strength was increased by additional quantity. The compressive strength of mixed soil within freezing-thawing 1 cycle was diminished around 30% compared to non-freezing soil's 28 days compressive strength but there were no movements after 2 cycle.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.355-365
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to better understand the relationship between health effects and exposure to dusts from a briquette fuel complex in Ansim, Daegu, Korea. Methods: The subjects of this study consisted of 2,980 persons over 40 years old who had lived 20 years or more around a briquette fuel complex in Daegu. We conducted a questionnaire survey, and chest radiography was performed. In addition, chest computed tomography(CT) (335 cases) and pulmonary function test(PFT) (658 cases) were done. Pneumoconiosis was diagnosed if one of three radiologists determined(or suspected) pneumoconiosis. We also conducted in-depth interviews for pneumoconiosis cases. We defined the exposed group as subjects residing within a 500 meter radius from the walls of the briquette fuel complex, and the others were defined as the control group. Results: Subjects in the exposed and control groups are respectively 715(24%) and 2,265 cases(76%). Major respiratory symptoms in the exposed group such as sputum, dyspnea, chest tightness and wheezing were significantly higher than in the control group. By chest radiography, 173 cases of pneumoconiosis or suspicious pneumoconiosis were detected. By PFT, 62 cases(29.5%) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) among 210 asymptomatic subjects were detected. Finally, by chest CT we concluded 28 cases to be pneumoconiosis, and eight cases among them proved to be pneumoconiosis by environmental exposure. Conclusions: Through this study, we concluded that health outcomes such as respiratory symptoms, pneumoconiosis, and COPD were caused by continuous exposure to dusts from the briquette fuel complex. Policies to reduce environmental exposure are needed, and cases of environmental disease should be intensively followed up by the government.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.231-235
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• 2015

저등급석탄을 건조하고 무결합제로 성형하는 경우에 대한 조건별 특성 연구를 수행하였다. 인도네시아 산 두 종류의 저등급석탄을 전기오븐에서 건조시킨 후 성형에 사용하였으며, 석탄의 수분별, 입도별, 성형압력별, 보관일수별로 압축강도를 측정하여 성형특성을 비교하였다. 석탄의 수분별로는 10~15 wt%에서 가장 높은 강도를 나타내었으며, 석탄의 종류에 따라 가장 높은 강도를 갖는 수분 함량의 차이가 있었다. 석탄의 입도는 적을수록 높은 강도를 나타내며 입도가 증가할수록 수렴하는 경향을 나타내었다. 성형압력이 높아질수록 성형 강도가 높게 나타났으나, 약 300 kN 이상에서는 크게 차이를 보이지 않았다. 보관일수별로는 약 일주일 동안 강도가 급격히 감소한 후 수렴하는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과는 저등급석탄의 산지에서 고품위화시킨 석탄을 국내 반입하는 경우에 대한 성형석탄 제조 및 관리의 지침으로 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.392-404
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• 2015

Objectives: This study measured and analyzed the concentrations of crystalline silica, elemental carbon and the contribution ratio of pollutants which influence environmental and respiratory disease around the Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex in Daegu, Korea. Methods: We analyzed the crystalline silica and elemental carbon in the air according to FTIR(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and NIOSH(National Institute of Occupation Safety and Health) method 5040, respectively. In addition, lead stable isotopes, and carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes were analyzed using MC-ICP/MS(Multi Collector-Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometer), and IRMS(Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer), respectively. Results: The concentration of crystalline silica in the direct exposure area around the Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex was found to be $0.0014{\pm}0.0005mg/Sm^3$, but not to exceed the exposure standards of the ACGIH(American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists). In the case of the autumn, the direct exposure area was found to show a level 2.5 times higher than the reference area, and on the whole, the direct exposure area was found to have a level 1.4 times higher than the reference area. The concentration of elemental carbon in the direct exposure area and in the reference area were found to be $0.0014{\pm}0.0006mg/Sm^3$, and $0.0006{\pm}0.0003mg/Sm^3$, respectively. This study confirmed the contribution ratio of coal raw materials to residentially deposited dusts in the area within 500 meters from the Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex and the surrounding area with a stable isotope ratio of 24.0%(0.7-62.7%) on average in the case of carbon and nitrogen, and 33.9%(26.6-54.1%) on average in the case of lead stable isotopes. Conclusions: This study was able to confirm correlations with coal raw materials used by the Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex and the surrounding area. The concentration of some pollutants, crystalline silica, and elemental carbon emitted to the direct-influence area around the Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were relatively higher than in the reference area. Therefore, we need to impose continuous and substantive reduction countermeasures in the future to prevent particulate matter and coal raw materials in the study area. It is time for the local government and authorities to prepare active administrative methods such as the relocation of Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex.

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.275-284
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• 1975

By the experiment of a model Ondol heating system gas flow characteristics in a briquette flue tube was investigated. As a heat source electric heater was used, which renders steady flow condition of air. working fluid. It was observed that the flow augumentation may be obtained by increasing the vertial elevation of the flue tube, namely increase in the tube length or increase in the tube inclination, and the gas temperature at the tube entrance Among several factors which augument the flow rate slope of the flue tube has the most striking effect and then the temperature of gas entering the tube. Increase in length of the tube also auguments the flow but the rate of augumentation is so small that it gives little assistance to improvement of the flow The flow in a briguette flue gas does not essentially satisfy the one dimensional steady flow assumption. It is also observed that the flow begins to accompany irregular velocity fluctuation as inclination of the tube increases.