• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2016

Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of whole plant of Boerhavia diffusa were screened for phytochemical and biological activities. Qualitative phytochemical screening via colorimetric method and the quantitative estimation of phenolic and flavonoid content were performed. Antioxidant assay using DPPH scavenging method was studied. Antimicrobial screening of plant extracts was done by cup diffusion technique. Cytotoxic activity of B. diffusa was studied by brine shrimp bioassay and anthelminthic activity was evaluated in vitro in Pheretima posthuma. This study revealed B. diffusa as a source of various phyto-constituents such as alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and terpenoids. Quantitative estimation of total phenol was found to be maximum in BEE i.e. $29.73{\pm}0.88$, BME $19.8{\pm}2.02$ and in BHE $9.15{\pm}0.304mgGAE/g$. Similarly, the total flavonoid content was found to be $17.44{\pm}0.75$ in BEE, $14.43{\pm}0.23$ in BHE and 3.678 mg QE/g in BME. Ethyl acetate extract showed its antibacterial activity against all tested pathogens except Escherichia coli whereas Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhi were resistant to methanol and hexane extract. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) of ethyl acetate extract against S. Typhi and B. cereus was found to be 18 mm and 14 mm respectively. The MIC value of BEE in S. Typhi was $3.125{\mu}g/ml$ and in B. cereus was $12.5{\mu}g/ml$. The preliminary screening of anticancer property of B. diffusa i.e. BSLT in methanol was found to be $165.19{\mu}g/ml$. B. diffusa was also found to contain anthelmintic property. The study helped in further exploration of medicinal properties of B. diffusa by phytochemical screening and biological activities paving the path for study and investigation in this plant.

• Mycobiology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.173-177
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• 2008

The crude ethanol extracts (stem and fruits), their fractions and two triterpenes, $\beta$-Amyrin and 12-Oleanene 3$\beta$, 21$\beta$-diol, isolated as a mixture from the chloroform soluble fraction of an ethanolic extract of Duranta repens stem, were evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal activities by the disc diffusion method and cytotoxicity by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The structures of the two compounds were confirmed by IR, $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR and LC-MS spectral data. The chloroform soluble fraction of stem and ethanol extract of fruits possess potent antishigellosis activity and also exhibited moderate activity against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi but the isolated compound 1 (mixture of $\beta$-Amyrin and 12-Oleanene 3$\beta$, 21$\beta$-diol) showed mild to moderate inhibitory activity to microbial growth. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extracts (stem and fruits), their fractions and compound 1 were found to be in the range of 32$\sim$128 ${\mu}g/ml$. The chloroform soluble fractions of stem and ethanol extract of fruit showed significant cytotoxicity with $LC_{50}$ value of 0.94 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 0.49 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively against brine shrimp larvae.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.385-389
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• 2007

We undertook the present study to evaluate different pharmacological as antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of the crude ethanolic extract of Momordica charantia (Family: Cucurbitaceae) leaves. The antioxidant property of the extract was assessed by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl free radical scavenging assay. The extract showed antioxidant activity where $IC_{50}$ was about ${\sim}500{\mu}g/ml\;and\;IC_{50}$ was about ${\sim}10{\mu}g/ml$ for standard drug ascorbic acid. The extract showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against all the tested gram positive and gram-negative bacteria where Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae were prominent. And the zones of inhibition were ranging from 8-15 mm for all the tested bacteria. Its cytotoxic property was evaluated by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The extract showed significant lethality and the $LC_{50}$ value was $20{\mu}g/ml$.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1993년도 제2회 신약개발 연구발표회 초록집
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• pp.48-48
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• 1993

항종양성 물질의 탐색과 개발을 지향한 해양생물유래의 생물활성물질의 화학적 연구의 일환으로서 해조류(12종류), 해면동물(3종류), 강장동물(2종류). 극피동물(4종류), 연체동물(10종류) 및 원색동물(2종류)의 각 용매분획을 대상으로 brine shrimp bioassay에 의한 세포독성을 검색한 결과, 극피동물의 별불가사리 초산에틸액스(LC$_{50}$: 283$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) 및 해삼 클로르포름엑스(LC$_{50}$: 274$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) , 연채동물의 보말고동 부타놀액스(LC$_{50}$: 263$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) 및 따게비의 물엑스(LC$_{50}$: 360$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml)에서 가장 강력한 세포독성이 관찰되었다. 그리고 생물별로 살펴본 세포독성빈도는 극피동물이 가장 유망한 것으로 생각되었다.로 생각되었다.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2008

The plant Eclipta prostrata, a member of the Compositae family, has folkloric reputation of being used as a medicinal agent in Bangladesh. In the present investigation, attempt was taken to explore the antimicrobial potency and cytotoxicity of its extractives and purified compounds. The methanolic extract of the whole plant, its n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, aqueous soluble fractions and two purified compounds, eclalbasaponin I (1) and II (2), obtained from Eclipta prostrata were subjected to screening for inhibition of microbial growth by the disc diffusion method at 300 and 100 ${\mu}g$/disc for extracts and pure compounds, respectively. In this case, the carbon tetrachloride and chloroform soluble fractions of the methanolic extract appeared very potent in terms of both zone of inhibition and spectrum of activity. However, all the extractives were also subjected to brine shrimp lethality bioassay for preliminary cytotoxicity evaluation. Here, the carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of methanolic extract revealed the strongest cytotoxicity having $LC_{50}$ of 1.318 ${\mu}g$/ml.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2010

A phytochemical investigation of the ethanolic extract of Erythrina caffra flowers from an Egyptian origin yielded three C-flavonoidal glycosides; 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone-8-C-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (vitexin) (1), 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone-6-C-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 $\rightarrow$ 2)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (isovitexin-2"-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside) (2), 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxyflavone-6, 8-di-C-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (vicenin-2) (3) and one O-flavonoidal glycoside; kaempferol-3-O-$\beta$-D.glucopyranosyl) (1 $\rightarrow$ 2)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (4). The structures of the isolated compounds (1 - 4) were elucidated using different spectral techniques (UV, 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS). This is the first report for the isolation of flavonoidal glycosides from Erythrina caffra. The antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, and antileishmanial activities of the isolates were evaluated. In addition, the cytotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract and the main fractions were tested using brine shrimp bioassay.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.32-36
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• 1998

It is previously reported that 6-paradol can induce prolonged analgesia in experimental animals. In order to investigate the mutagenicity of 6-paradol, Ames Samonella/microsome plate assay was carried out with Salmonella typhimurium strains, TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1538, 6-Paradol was nonmutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium with and without rat liver microsomal activation. The rec assay with Bacillus substilis strains H 17 $rec^+$ and M 45 $rec^+$ was carried out ot test 6-paradol and other compounds (1-3 mg/disc) for DNA damaging activity, 6-Paradol was also nonmutagenic in DNA damaging activity. The relative size of the inhibition zone for 6-paradol was smaller than that of capsaicin. We have also determined the pathological effects of this compound on the various tissues of rats after administrating(i.p.) with increasing doses of 4, 8, 12, 16 mg/kg at 2 hour intervals and found no significant changes in terms of histology.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.157-161
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• 2007

We undertook the present study to evaluate different pharmacological as antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of the crude ethanolic extract of the stem bark of Holarhena antidysenterica (Family: Apocynaceae). The antioxidant property of the extract was assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl free radical scavenging assay. The extract showed antioxidant activity ($IC_{50}$ about ${\sim}08$ ${\mu}g/ml$), which was comparable to standard drug ascorbic acid ($IC_{50}$ about ${\sim}10$ ${\mu}g/ml$). The extract showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against all tested gram positive and gram negative bacteria most prominent against Enterococci, Staphylococcus pyogenase and Shigella sonnie. And the zones of inhibitions were ranging from 10 - 21 mm for all the tested bacteria. Its cytotoxic property was evaluated by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The extract showed significant lethality and the $LC_{50}$, $LC_{90}$ values were 80 ${\mu}g/ml$, 320 ${\mu}g/ml$ respectively. The results tend to suggest that the extract might possess chemical constituent(s) that are responsible for antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2008

A total of five compounds namely, 2-methylanthracene-9, 10-dione (1), 1-hydroxy-6-methylanthracene-9,10-dione (2), $\beta$-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4) and sitosterone (5) were isolated from the stem extracts of Polygonum lanatum for the first time. The structures of the isolated compounds (1-5) were established by extensive spectroscopic studies, including 2D NMR such as $^{1}H-^{1}H$ COSY, HSQC and HMBC studies. The crude extracts and purified compound (1) were screened for antimicrobial activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi by the disc diffusion method. The n-hexane and dichloromethane soluble partitionates of the methanolic extract revealed mild to moderate inhibition of growth of the test organisms. The cytotoxic potential of the extractives and compound 1 was also determined by using brine shrimp lethality bioassay, where the extractives demonstrated significant cytotoxic activities.

• Mycobiology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2007

A newly synthesized Nickel (II) tyrosine complex was screened as potential antimicrobial agent against a number of medically important bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus ${\beta}$-haemolytica, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenterae) and fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp.) strains. were used for antifungal activity. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the Agar Disc method. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the complexes was determined against the same pathogenic bacteria and the values were found between $4{\sim}64\;{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$. Brine shrimp bioassay was carried out for cytotoxicity measurements of the complexes. The $LC_{50}$ values were calculated after probit transformation of the resulting mortality data and found to be 6 ${\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$.