• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.36-45
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• 2002

Most of rural bridges have passed 30 years of age since they were built, which have to support unexpected overload caused by changed design load and excessive amount of transportation. For these rural bridges, repairs and replacements are needed. Even though there have been attempt to estimate the safety of existing bridges deteriorated with major defects, those approaches must rely on the observable damage and subsequent decisions are made subjectively. To avoid the high cost of rehabilitation, the bridge rating must correctly represent the present load-carrying capacity. Rating engineers use a methods such as Allowable Stress Design (ASD), Load Factor Design (LFD), and Load Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) to evaluate the bridge load carrying capacity. In this paper, the load rating methods are introduced, and it is illustrated how to use the load test data from literature survey. Load test is conducted to the bridge that was built 30 years ago in rural area. From load test results, new maintenance method is suggested instead of the bridge replacement.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.239-249
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• 2003

20, 30 년 전 시골지역에 건설된 교량들은 과도한 교통량의 증가에 따른 초과하중을 지탱해야한다. 이러한 교량들에 대해서 보수 보강이나, 교량의 교체가 필요하다. 고가의 보수 보강을 피하기 위해는, 현재 교량의 내하력을 정확히 알아야한다. 내하력 평가자들은 교량의 내하력을 평가하기 위해 허용응력법, 강도설계법, 그리고 하중저항계수법등을 사용한다. 본 연구에서는, 내하력 평가방법을 설명하고, 문헌조사를 통해 교량의 하중실험 자료의 이용에 대하여 설명한다. 그리고, 30년전에 시골지역에 건설된 교량에 대해 하중실험을 하였다. 시험자료로 부터, 교량의 교체를 대신한 새로운 보수보강 방법이 제시되었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.9-15
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• 1991

본 연구는 도로교량들의 효율적인 안전도 명가 및 내하급수 판정 전산화 시스템을 개발하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 현행 도로교 내하급수 체계를 합리적으로 개선한 후 외관조사 또는 가용 통계자료 만으로 안전성 평가를 실시할 수 있는 신뢰성 방법에 기초한 합리적인 내하력 평가방법을 제시하고 비상작전시 군용차량의 설제적인 허용통과 급수 판정시스템을 개발하였다. 연구결과 본 연구에서 제시된 내하력 및 내하급수 판정시스템, 그리고 내하력 평가 프로그램 BRS(Bridge Rating System)은 교량의 노후도와 각종 불확실량을 체계적으로 반영한 실 내하력 평가수단으로서 장차 교량의 안전성 및 내하력 평가에 널리 활용될 수 있다고 사료되었다.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.34-45
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• 2010

This paper describes the design, manufacturing process, testing, application, and assessment of capacity-ratings of the first all advanced composites bridge on a public highway system. In order to verify the bridge design prior to the field application, a sub-scale bridge superstructure was built and tested in the laboratory. The field load test results were compared with those of the finite element analysis for the verification of validity. To investigate its in-service performance, field load testing and visual inspections were conducted under an actual service environment. The paper includes the presentation and discussion for advanced composites bridge capacity rating based on the stress modification coefficients obtained from the test results. The test result indicates that the advanced composites bridge has no structural problems and is structurally performing well in-service as expected. Since these composite materials are new to bridge applications, reliable data is not available for their in-service performance. The results may provide a baseline data for future field advanced composites bridge capacity rating assessments and also serve as part of a long-term performance of advanced composites bridge.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.108-115
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• 2003

교량은 강도설계법이나 허용응력 설계 법에 의해, 두 가지 단계에서 평가된다. 낮은 단계를 Inventory 높은 단계를 Operating이라 부른다. 교량을 효과적으로 유지관리 보수하기 위하여, 교량의 실제하중수용 능력을 평가하고 시스템 신뢰성으로부터 교량의 잔여 수명을 예측하는 것은 매우 시급하다. 생애함수가 시간 의존적 파괴확률을 예측하기 위하여 소개되고 설명된다. 이 논문에서 연구되는 교량은30년 전 농촌지역에 시공되었다. 이 교량에 대하여 하중시험과 보강이 이루어졌다. 시간 의존적 파괴확률이 보수보강 된 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우 대하여 예측되었다. 또 다른 연구로서 새로운 보수보강이 제시되고 이 보수보강에 대하여 내하력이 평가되었고 시간 의존적 파괴확률이 예측되었다. 유지관리 가격과 확장된 교량의 생애를 기본으로, 최적의 보수보강 기법이 제시되었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.643-660
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• 2013

In the present work, the capacity ratings of steel truss bridges have been carried out incorporating dynamic effect of moving vehicles and its accumulating effect as fatigue. Further, corrosion in the steel members has been taken into account to examine the rating factor. Dynamic effect has been considered in the rating procedure making use of impact factors obtained from simulation studies as well as from codal guidelines. A steel truss bridge has been considered to illustrate the approach. Two levels of capacity ratings- the upper load level capacity rating (called operating rating) and the lower load level capacity rating (called inventory rating) were found out using Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) method and a proposal has been made which incorporates fatigue in the rating formula. Random nature of corrosion on the steel member has been taken into account in the rating by considering reduced member strength. Partial safety factor for each truss member has been obtained from the fatigue reliability index considering random variables on the fatigue parameters, traffic growth rate and accumulated number of stress cycle using appropriate probability density function. The bridge has been modeled using Finite Element software. Regressions of rating factor versus vehicle gross weight have been obtained. Results show that rating factor decreases when the impact factor other than those in the codal provisions are considered. The consideration of fatigue and member corrosion gives a lower value of rating factor compared to those when both the effects are ignored. In addition to this, the study reveals that rating factor decreases when the vehicle gross weight is increased.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.901-925
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• 2014

The reliability of a Bridge management System depends on the quality of visual inspection and the reliable estimation of bridge condition rating. However, the current practices of visual inspection have been identified with several limitations, such as: they are time-consuming, provide incomplete information, and their reliance on inspectors' experience. To overcome such limitations, this paper presents an approach of automating the prediction of condition rating for bridges based on digital image analysis. The proposed methodology encompasses image acquisition, development of 3D visualization model, image processing, and condition rating model. Under this method, scaling defect in concrete bridge components is considered as a candidate defect and the guidelines in the Ontario Structure Inspection Manual (OSIM) have been adopted for developing and testing the proposed method. The automated algorithms for scaling depth prediction and mapping of condition ratings are based on training of back propagation neural networks. The result of developed models showed better prediction capability of condition rating over the existing methods such as, Naïve Bayes Classifiers and Bagged Decision Tree.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2001

Bridge load rating calculations provide a basis for determining the load carrying capacity of bridges. Load rating requires engineering judgement in determining a rating value that is applicable to maintaining the safe use of the bridge and arriving at posting and permit decisions. Load testing is an effective means in calculating the rating value of bridge. In Korea, load carrying capacity of bridge is modified by response modification factor that is determined from comparisons of measured values and analysis results. This paper presents the development of a method for determining the response the modification factor, using traffic loads. The proposed method is based on the results of computer simulations of traffic action effects. The simulation program generates random traffic actions for defined traffic conditions and determines the frequency distribution of maximum traffic action effects. A comparison between the proposed method and the present method shows good agreement in estimating the modified load carrying capacity of bridges.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 1th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.533-538
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• 2005

An outline of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model for bridge condition rating and the results of a pilot study are presented in this paper. Most BMS implementation systems involve an extensive range of data collection to operate accurately. It takes many years to effectively implement a BMS using existing methodologies. This is due to unmatched data requirements. Such problems can be overcome by adopting the ANN model presented in this paper. The objective of the proposed model is to predict bridge condition ratings using historical bridge inspection data for effective BMS operation.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.199-211
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• 2015

The safety and performance of bridges could be monitored and evaluated by Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems. These systems try to identify and locate the damages in a structure and estimate their severities. Current SHM systems are applied to a single bridge, and they have not been used to monitor the structural condition of a network of bridges. This paper propose a new method which will be used in Synthetic Rating Procedures (SRP) developed by the authors of this paper and utilizes SHM systems for monitoring and evaluating the condition of a network of bridges. Synthetic rating procedures are used to assess the condition of a network of bridges and identify their ratings. As an additional part of the SRP, the method proposed in this paper can continuously monitor the behaviour of a network of bridges and therefore it can assist to prevent the sudden collapses of bridges or the disruptions to their serviceability. The method could be an important part of a bridge management system (BMS) for managers and engineers who work on condition assessment of a network of bridges.