• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.198-202
• /
• 2006

We could achieve the bridge-type formation of the iridium-catalyzed carbon nanofibers across the gap on the MgO substrate using microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method. On the plane surface area of the MgO substrate, the iridium-catalyzed carbon nanofibers were grown as a lateral direction to the substrate. The bridge-type formation and/or the lateral growth of the iridium-catalyzed carbon nanofibers were interconnected with each other. Finally, they could form an entangled network having the bridge-type formation of the carbon nanofibers across the gap on the substrate and the laterally-grown carbon nanofibers on the plane surface area of the substrate. The entangled network showed the semiconductor electrical characteristics.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.267-273
• /
• 2001

In this study, welding phenomena involved in formation of penetrators during high frequency electric resistance welding were investigated. High speed cinematography of the process revealer that a molten bridge between neighboring skelp edges forms at apex point and travels along narrow gap toward to welding point at a speed ranging from 100 to 400 m/min. The bridge while moving along the narrow gap swept away oxide containing molten metal from the gap, providing oxide-free surface for a forge-welding at upsetting stand frequency of the budge formation, travel distance and speed of the bridge were affected by the heat input rate into strip. The travel distance and its standard deviation were found to have a strong relationship with the weld defect density. Based on the observation, a new mechanism of the penetrator formation during HF ERW process is proposed.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.7-20
• /
• 2007

A bridge is a space used as a passage. This space should be functional, solid, and beautiful. Since the beginning of human life, bridge architecture has given importance to function as a connection from one place to another. Stepping stones in the stream were the connections between divided spaces in the agricultural life, the bridge on the entrances of a town was the place for separation, expectation, and communication for people gathering around the community. Southern Chinese provinces such as Zhejiang, Hunan, Yunnan, and Guizhon is famous for it's spectacular scenary, and tribes like the 'Miao' and 'Dong' live in a cooperate community. The 'Dong' tribe is one of the 'Yue' genealogy where the people have settled down in this place in the days of 'Qin Shi Huang(Qin dynasty)'. As the population of the 'Dong' tribe growed, they used a bridge to connect town to town. The scale became larger with additional design, giving splendid achievement to bridge architecture. The 'Fungyu bridge' in Tongdao and 'Chungyang bridge' in Sanjiang are some fine examples. The Fungyu bridge could be defined as a bridge which blocks wind and rain, this has the same function as the lounge bridge in Taishun located in southern Zhejiang province. In Taishun, 5 minority races such as the 'Dong' and 'Miao' people have been living together as a clan society for centuries on mountains as high as 1000m following their own tradition. The 'Xiliu river' flowing thorough has a variety of bridges remaining in it's original form, and it is recently known as a museum of ancient bridges. The formation of the bridges in Tongdao and Taishun shows that it is different with the arch and straight bridges remaining in Korea. In this study, it is readjusting the base data, showing plan characteristics and describing the construction of the wooden structure above the bridge post.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.168-187
• /
• 2002

Scour is the physical or chemical attack of flowing water which excavates and carries away material from stream beds and banks. Especially, hydraulic structures such as bridge piers and abutments placed in the channel causes the changes of the flow pattern like acceleration, the formation of vortices, and scour around the structures. Channel scour, especially bridge pier scour is the leading cause of bridge failures. It is very important to apply appropriate methods for both of scour analysis and protection. In this paper, several methods world-widely used for bridge scour analysis and protection are introduced and compared.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.109-118
• /
• 1989

The purpose of this study was to investigate the bio-stimulating effect of low power density laser radiation on the mechanically exposed pulp. Class V cavities on dog's teeth were prepared and the pulps were mechanically exposed with a round bur. In control group, the exposed pulps were capped with $Ca(OH)_2$ powder and the cavities were sealed with Z.O.E.. In experimental group A, the pulps were irradiated with GaA1As laser for 5 minutes and then they were treated the same as control group. In experimental group B, the exposed pulps were covered by aluminum foil and sealed with Z.O.E. after they were irradiated with the laser as the experimental group A. In the all groups, the pulps were histopathologically observed at the time intervals of 1, 2 and 3 week after experiment and the results were statistically evaluated. The results were as follows: 1) In control and experimental groups, mild vascular congestion and bleeding was found in most of the specimens and for the new formation of dentin bridge, experimental group A had the most cases. The dentin bridge had discontinuous osteodentin like appearance without any dentinal tubules. Inflammatory cell infiltration consisted of acute and chronic inflammatory cell, and the formation of microabscess was also observed. 2) The degree of inflammatory cell infiltration was not significantly different among control group and experimental groups at 1 week, 2 week and 3 week. 3) The formation of new dentin bridge was not significantly different between control group and experimental group A at 1 week, but at 2 week and 3 week, experimental group A showed significantly more cases of new dentin formation than control groups. (P < 0.05). 4) Between control group and experimental group B, there was no significant difference in formation of the new dentin bridge at 1, 2 and 3 week. (P> 0.05). 5) There was no significant difference in formation of the new dentin bridge at 1 and 2 week between experimental group A and experimental group B, but at 3 week, the former significantly had more cases of new dentin bridge formation than the latter.(P < 0.05).

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.87-95
• /
• 2010

Lots of bridge structure generated the change of outward formation according to durability capability and decrepitude by long use. Especially, in case of the typhoon, snowing and earthquake is going to make rapidly more worse formation about the old structural facilitys. Also, outward formation by irregular and micro-distortion in bridge structure could not easily checked by normal diagnostics method. As a result, performance-capability of structure facility is getting to make a decline in standard of structure performance. Recently, real-time monitoring technology by wireless environment go into the study of irregular movement for structure facility. This paper presents the development of sensor to displacement checking about bridge structure. Sensing method of developed sensor put bring into the gyroscope technology using the acceleration speed and angular acceleration speed. This paper also will simulated to verified the monitoring capability of developed sensor against random vibration, frequency and distortion in simulated equipment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 1998.10a
• /
• pp.121-128
• /
• 1998

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.167-174
• /
• 2009

Nowadays, it has become common to equip a device with Bluetooth. As such devices become pervasive in the world; much work has been done on forming them into a network, however, almost all the Bluetooth Scatternet Formation Algorithms assume devices are homogeneous. Even the exceptional algorithms barely mentioned a little about the different characteristics of devices like computational abilities, traffic loads for special nodes like bridge nodes or super nodes, which are usually the bottleneck in the scatternet. In this paper, we treat the devices differently not only based on the hardware characteristics, but also considering other conditions like different classes, different groups and so on. We use a two-phase Scatternet Formation Algorithm here: in the first phase, construct scatternets for a specified kind of devices; in the second phase, connect these scatternets by using least other kinds of devices as bridge nodes. Finally, we give some applications to show the benefit of classification.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.82-89
• /
• 2008

Ideal rotator cuff repair is to maintain high fixation strength and minimize gap formation for optimizing the environment of biologic healing of tendon to bone. Among the current repair techniques, the suture bridge technique is superior to single- or double-row repair in ultimate load to failure, gap formation, restoring anatomical footprint and achieving pressurized contact area. The suture bridge technique also minimizes gap formation and has rotational and torsional resistances allowing early rehabilitation. However, despite superior biomechanical characteristics of the suture bridge technique, there is no evidence that these mechanical advantages result in better clinical outcomes. Furthermore, there is no difference in failure rates between the double-row repair and suture bridge techniques. An appropriate repair technique should be determined based on tear size and pattern and tendon quality.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.73-84
• /
• 2020

In the seismic design of bridges, formation of plastic hinges plays an important role in the dissipation of seismic energy. In the case of conventional fixed-base bridges, the plastic hinges are allowed to form in the superstructure alone. During seismic event, such bridges may be safe from collapse but the superstructure undergoes significant plastic deformations. As an alternative design approach, the plastic hinges are guided to form in the soil thereby utilizing the inevitable yielding of the soil. Rocking foundations work on this concept. The formation of plastic hinges in the soil reduces the load and displacement demands on the superstructure. This study aims at evaluating the seismic response of bridge pier supported on rocking shallow foundation. For this purpose, a BNWF model is implemented in OpenSees platform. The capability of the BNWF model to capture the SSI effects, nonlinear behavior and dynamic loading response are validated using the centrifuge and shake table test results. A comparative study is performed between the seismic response of the bridge pier supported on the rocking shallow foundation and conventional fixed-base foundation. Results of the study have established the beneficial effects of using the rocking shallow foundation for the seismic response analysis of the bridge piers.