• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제6권5_6호
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• pp.461-480
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• 2010

This paper analyses the data collected from the $2^{nd}$ Jindo Bridge, a cable-stayed bridge in Korea that is a structural health monitoring (SHM) international test bed for advanced wireless smart sensors network (WSSN) technology. The SHM system consists of a total of 70 wireless smart sensor nodes deployed underneath of the deck, on the pylons, and on the cables to capture the vibration of the bridge excited by traffic and environmental loadings. Analysis of the data is performed in both the time and frequency domains. Modal properties of the bridge are identified using the frequency domain decomposition and the stochastic subspace identification methods based on the output-only measurements, and the results are compared with those obtained from a detailed finite element model. Tension forces for the 10 instrumented stay cables are also estimated from the ambient acceleration data and compared both with those from the initial design and with those obtained during two previous regular inspections. The results of the data analyses demonstrate that the WSSN-based SHM system performs effectively for this cable-stayed bridge, giving direct access to the physical status of the bridge.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권5A호
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• pp.641-647
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• 2008

본 논문은 상시진동데이터로부터 구조물의 고유진동수 및 감쇠비를 추정하는 기법을 소개한다. 제안된 기법은 TDD기법에서 추출된 모드형상과 상호상관신호로부터 직교 잡음이 제거된 자유진동함수를 추출하고 시스템 인식기술을 적용하여서 각 모드별 고유진동수와 감쇠비를 추정한다. 제안 알고리즘의 정확도는 수치적으로 기존의 기법과 비교분석 되었다. 제안 알고리즘의 현장 적용성 검토는 서해대교 보강형의 수직방향 가속도에 대한 상시진동데이터를 통하여 검증되었으며, 총 24개의 저차모드가 추출되었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.21-44
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to determine the dynamic characteristics of long reinforced concrete highway bridges with post-tension tendons using analytical and experimental methods. It is known that the deck length and height of bridges are affected the dynamic characteristics considerably. For this purpose, Berta Bridge constructed in deep valley, in Artvin, Turkey, is selected as an application. The Bridge has two piers with height of 109.245 m and 85.193 m, and the total length of deck is 340.0 m. Analytical and experimental studies are carried out on Berta Bridge which was built in accordance with the balanced cantilever method. Finite Element Method (FEM) and Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) which considers ambient vibration data were used in analytical and experimental studies, respectively. Finite element model of the bridge is created by using SAP2000 program to obtain analytical dynamic characteristics such as the natural frequencies and mode shapes. The ambient vibration tests are performed using Operational Modal Analysis under wind and human loads. Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition (EFDD) and Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI) methods are used to obtain experimental dynamic characteristics like natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios. At the end of the study, analytical and experimental dynamic characteristic are compared with each other and the finite element model of the bridge was updated considering the material properties and boundary conditions. It is emphasized that Operational Modal Analysis method based on the ambient vibrations can be used safely to determine the dynamic characteristics, to update the finite element models, and to monitor the structural health of long reinforced concrete highway bridges constructed with the balanced cantilever method.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.43-58
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• 2024

To ensure the flutter stability of three-tower suspension bridges under skew wind, by using the computational procedure of 3D refined flutter analysis of long-span bridges under skew wind, in which structural nonlinearity, the static wind action(also known as the aerostatic effect) and the full-mode coupling effect etc., are fully considered, the flutter stability of a three-tower suspension bridge-the Taizhou Bridge over the Yangtze River in completion and during the deck erection is numerically investigated under the constant uniform skew wind, and the influences of skew wind and aerostatic effects on the flutter stability of the bridge under the service and construction conditions are assessed. The results show that the flutter critical wind speeds of three-tower suspension bridge under service and construction conditions fluctuate with the increase of wind yaw angle instead of a monotonous cosine rule as the decomposition method proposed, and reach the minimum mostly in the case of skew wind. Both the skew wind and aerostatic effects significantly reduce the flutter stability of three-tower suspension bridge under the service and construction conditions, and the combined skew wind and aerostatic effects further deteriorate the flutter stability. Both the skew wind and aerostatic effects do not change the evolution of flutter stability of the bridge during the deck erection, and compared to the service condition, they lead to a greater decrease of flutter critical wind speed of the bridge during deck erection, and the influence of the combined skew wind and aerostatic effects is more prominent. Therefore, the skew wind and aerostatic effects must be considered accurately in the flutter analysis of three-tower suspension bridges.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.140-148
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• 2004

Tight integration of product design and process planning in the early design stage would make bigger impact as wider spectrum of design and manufacturing alternatives can be pursued and evaluated. Thus the development of systematic computer-based supporting for this integration if desirable. For this integration and process planning in the early design stage, the systematic method to synthesize shape of part from functional requirements is crucial. This research presents the methods of functional decomposition from overall function of product and synthesizing shape of part based on functional relations extracted from functional decomposition using planetary gear transmission system as an example.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.275-293
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• 2005

When a thin-walled multicell box girder is subjected to an eccentric load, the distortion becomes an important global response in addition to flexure and torsion. The three global responses appear in a combined form when a conventional shell element is used thus it is not an easy task to examine the three global responses separately. This study is to propose an analysis method using conventional shell element in which the three global responses can be separately decomposed. The force decomposition method which was designed for a single-cell box girder by Nakai and Yoo is expanded herein to multicell box girders. The eccentric load is decomposed in the expanded method into flexural, torsional, and multimode distortional forces by using the force equilibrium. From the force decomposition, the combined global responses of multicell box girders can be resolved into separate responses and the distortional response which is of primary concern herein can be obtained separately. It is shown from a series of extensive comparative studies using three box girder bridge models that the expanded method produces accurate decomposed results. Noting that the separate consideration of individual global response is of paramount importance for optimized multicell box girder design, it can be said that the proposed expanded method is extremely useful for practicing engineers.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2024

In order to effectively simulate nonstationary stochastic turbulent wind fields, four separation hybrid (SEP-H) models are proposed in the present study. Based on the assumption that the lateral turbulence component at one single-point is uncorrelated with the longitudinal and vertical turbulence components, the fluctuating wind is separated into 2nV-1D and nV1D nonstationary stochastic vector processes. The first process can be expressed as double proper orthogonal decomposition (DPOD) or proper orthogonal decomposition and spectral representation method (POD-SRM), and the second process can be expressed as POD or SRM. On this basis, four SEP-H models of nonstationary stochastic turbulent wind fields are developed. In addition, the orthogonal random variables in the SEP-H models are presented as random orthogonal functions of elementary random variables. Meanwhile, the number theoretical method (NTM) is conveniently adopted to select representative points set of the elementary random variables. The POD-FFT (Fast Fourier transform) technique is introduced in frequency to give full play to the computational efficiency of the SEP-H models. Finally, taking a long-span bridge as the engineering background, the SEP-H models are compared with the dimension-reduction DPOD (DR-DPOD) model to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed models.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2005

We call K a (1, 1)-knot in M if M is a union of two solid tori $V_1\;and\;V_2$ glued along their boundary tori ${\partial}V_1\;and\;{\partial}V_2$ and if K intersects each solid torus $V_i$ in a trivial arc $t_i$ for i = 1 and 2. Note that every (1, 1)-knot is a tunnel number one knot. In this article, we determine when a tunnel number one knot is a (1, 1)-knot. In other words, we show that any tunnel number one knot with bridge number 3 is a (1, 1)-knot.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2001년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall 2001
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• pp.391-398
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• 2001

This paper presents the application method of a wavelet theory for identification of the structural dynamic properties of a bridge, which is based on the ambient vibration signal caused by the traffic loadings. The method utilizes the time-scale decomposition of the ambient vibration signal , i . e. the continuous wavelet transform using the Morlet wavelet is used to decompose the ambient vibration signal into the time-scale domain. The applicability of the proposed approach is verified through the reduced scale bridge and automobile system in the laboratory. The results of verification shows that the use of the Morlet wavelet to identify the structural dynamic properties is reasonable and practicable.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2002년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.159-168
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 최근에 개발된 Hilbert-Huang 변환(HHT) 기법의 교각시스템에서 손상위치추정을 위한 적용성을 분석하였다. HHT기법으로 시계열의 순간주파수를 분석할 수 있음을 이용하여, 손상에 기인한 비선형 거동이 발생하는 때에 순간주파수의 변화를 분석함으로서, 손상부재와 위치를 추정하는 방법이다. 손상을 입은 교각 시스템에 대하여 수치모의실험을 수행하였는데, 이 때에 주파수가 점차로 증가하는 입력하중을 사용하였다. 연구결과로부터, HHT기법이 한정된 갯수의 가속도센서를 이용하여 계측오차가 포함된 조건하에서도 교각에 발생한 손상위치를 적절히 색출할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있다.