• Title/Summary/Keyword: breeding strategy

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New Strategy of Forest Tree Breeding for Society, Forest Science, and Forestry in Korea

  • Choi, Yong-Eui;Kim, Chul-Woo;Yi, Jae-Seon
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.15-25
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    • 2008
  • Social and scientific changes, i.e., global warming, desertification, pollution, biodiversity, bioenergy, plant variety protection, biotechnology, timber demand, reforestation in North Korea, and etc., were reviewed for new strategy of forest tree breeding in Korea. Diversified breeding goals, globalization of breeding target species, multidisciplinary research approaches, manpower networking, establishment of new administrative and research units in KFS and KFRI were proposed. Principles suggested for new tree breeding strategy are: 1) multi-disciplinary approach in settlement of objectives, breeding methods, and etc., 2) expansion of target trees including foreign species, 3) fulfillment of both domestic and international demands for forest tree breeding, 4) establishment of breeding program well-grounded on genetic resources conservation, 5) acknowledgement of breeding products (i.e., variety, technique, gene, and etc.) as goods, and 6) provision of more research opportunities for young scientists. Lastly, ongoing tree breeding project in Indonesia and NTFP R&D Center at the College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University were introduced as examples of desirable breeding projects based on target species diversification, multidisciplinary approach, and manpower networking.

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CRISPR/Cas9 is New Breeding Strategy for Improving Agronomic Characteristics of Rice Response to Climate Change

  • Jae-Ryoung Park;Eun-Gyeong Kim;Yoon-Hee Jang;Kyung-Min Kim
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2022.10a
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    • pp.288-288
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    • 2022
  • Rice is an important staple in the world. And drought is one of the important constraints that negatively affect yield loss and grain quality of rice. CRISPR/Cas9 is a new breeding strategy that can improve the characteristics of rice quickly and accurately. CRISPR/Cas9 is a novel approach that can reliably harvest rice yields in response to a rapidly changing climate. In addition, there is no externally inserted DNA left in genome-editing rice, and it is receiving attention as being able to take responsibility for future food because its characteristics are continuously improved. In the future, high levels of drought resistant in water-constrained environments will be required, which will reduce yield loss. OsSAP was genome-editing with CRISPR/Cas9 in rice. A different line number was assigned to each panicle, and the generation advanced by applying the ear-to-row method. Genome-editing rice has improved drought resistance in drought conditions. Also, in genome-editing rice, the target sequence was homozygous in the 0 generation, and the coefficient of variation of heading date, number of tiller, and 1,000-grain weight was very small in 2 generation. In the era of rapidly changing climate change, CRISPR/Cas9 presents a new breeding strategy that can rapidly and accurately improve agronomic traits of major food crops as well as rice. CRISPR/Cas9 is applied together with traditional breeding to develop into a new breeding strategy, it is suggested that food can be obtained stably in response to climate change.

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Optimization of Swine Breeding Programs Using Genomic Selection with ZPLAN+

  • Lopez, B.M.;Kang, H.S.;Kim, T.H.;Viterbo, V.S.;Kim, H.S.;Na, C.S.;Seo, K.S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.29 no.5
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    • pp.640-645
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    • 2016
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate the present conventional selection program of a swine nucleus farm and compare it with a new selection strategy employing genomic enhanced breeding value (GEBV) as the selection criteria. The ZPLAN+ software was employed to calculate and compare the genetic gain, total cost, return and profit of each selection strategy. The first strategy reflected the current conventional breeding program, which was a progeny test system (CS). The second strategy was a selection scheme based strictly on genomic information (GS1). The third scenario was the same as GS1, but the selection by GEBV was further supplemented by the performance test (GS2). The last scenario was a mixture of genomic information and progeny tests (GS3). The results showed that the accuracy of the selection index of young boars of GS1 was 26% higher than that of CS. On the other hand, both GS2 and GS3 gave 31% higher accuracy than CS for young boars. The annual monetary genetic gain of GS1, GS2 and GS3 was 10%, 12%, and 11% higher, respectively, than that of CS. As expected, the discounted costs of genomic selection strategies were higher than those of CS. The costs of GS1, GS2 and GS3 were 35%, 73%, and 89% higher than those of CS, respectively, assuming a genotyping cost of $120. As a result, the discounted profit per animal of GS1 and GS2 was 8% and 2% higher, respectively, than that of CS while GS3 was 6% lower. Comparison among genomic breeding scenarios revealed that GS1 was more profitable than GS2 and GS3. The genomic selection schemes, especially GS1 and GS2, were clearly superior to the conventional scheme in terms of monetary genetic gain and profit.

Utilization of F2 Seeds in Forest Tree Breeding (임목(林木)에서의 F2 이용(利用))

  • Jhun, Gae Sang;Sohn, Sung In
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.70 no.1
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    • pp.109-114
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    • 1985
  • Utilization of $F_2$ seeds in forest tree hybridization program could be as dangerous as it could turn out to be handy and beneficial. Variation in $F_2$ generation does not appear to be dangerous as many breeder's concern. Pitch-loblolly pine hybridization program in Korea is reviewed and use of $F_2$ seeds are strongly recommended under the strict guide line of further breeding program. Breeding strategy for pitch-loblolly pine hybridization is suggested.

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New polymorphic microsatellite markers in the Korean mi-iuy croaker, $Miichthys$ $miiuy$, and their application to the genetic characterization of wild and farmed populations

  • An, Hye-Suck;Kim, Eun-Mi;Lee, Jang-Wook;Kim, Dae-Jung;Kim, Yi-Cheong
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.41-49
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    • 2012
  • Eighteen new polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for the Korean mi-iuy croaker ($Miichthys$ $miiuy$, Perciformes, Sciaenidae), and allelic variability was compared between a wild population in Mokpo, Korea, and a hatchery population in Tongyeong, Korea. All loci were amplified readily and demonstrated allelic variability, with the number of alleles ranging from 5 to 37 in the wild population, and from 4 to 12 in the farmed population. The average observed and expected heterozygosities were estimated, respectively, to be 0.74 and 0.78 in the hatchery population samples, and 0.79 and 0.86 in the wild samples. These results indicate lower genetic variability in the hatchery population compared with the wild population, and significant genetic differentiation between the wild population and the hatchery samples ($F_{ST}$=0.058, P<0.001). These microsatellite loci may be valuable for future population genetic studies, monitoring changes in the genetic variation within stocks in a commercial breeding program, conservation genetics, and molecular assisted selective breeding of the mi-iuy croaker in the future.

Assessment of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of Limousin herds in Hungary using microsatellite markers

  • Szucs, Marton;Szabo, Ferenc;Ban, Beata;Jozsa, Csilla;Rozsa, Laszlo;Zsolnai, Attila;Anton, Istvan
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.176-182
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    • 2019
  • Objective: This study was conducted to investigate basic information on genetic structure and characteristics of Limousin population in Hungary. Obtained results will be taken into consideration when adopting the new breeding strategy by the Association of Hungarian Limousin and Blonde d'Aquitaine Breeders (AHLBB). Methods: Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of 3,443 Limousin cattle from 16 different herds were investigated by performing genotyping using 18 microsatellite markers. Amplified DNA was genotyped using an automated genetic analyzer. Results: Mean of effective alleles ($n_e$) of the populations was 3.77. Population C had the lowest number of effective alleles (3.01) and the lowest inbreeding coefficient ($F_{IS}$) value (-0.15). Principal component analysis of estimated genetic distance ($F_{ST}$) values (p<0.000) revealed two herds (C and E) distinct from the majority of other Limousin herds. The pairwise $F_{ST}$ values of population C compared to the others (0.066 to 0.120) fell into the range of moderate genetic distance: 0.050 to 0.150, while population E displayed also moderate genetic distance ($F_{ST}$ values in range 0.052 to 0.064) but only to six populations (G, H, J, L, N, and P). $F_{ST(C-E)}$ was 0.148, all other pairs -excluding C and E herds- displayed low genetic distance ($F_{ST}$<0.049). Population D, F, I, J, K, L, N, O, and P carried private alleles, which alleles belonged to 1.1% of the individuals. Most probable number of clusters (K) were 2 and 7 determined by Structure and BAPS software. Conclusion: This study showed useful genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship data that can be utilized for the development of a new breeding strategy by AHLBB. The results presented could also contribute to the proper selection of animals for further whole genome scan studies of Limousins.

Improvement Disciplines for Relief Policy of Breeding Bears at the Perspective of Animal Welfare in the Republic of Korea (동물복지 관점에서의 한국 사육곰 구호정책 개선방안)

  • Lee, Jung-Hwan;Lee, Gwan-Gyu;Lee, Min-Ju;Cha, Jin-Yeol
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.31-48
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    • 2013
  • South Korea had encouraged farmers to breed bear to increase farmer's income since 1981. Currently farmers breed over thousand number of bears, however but the policy measures for breeding bears is expected to conflict the main stream of bear conservation due to South Korea belong to the member of CITES, which categorizes and manages bears under Wild Fauna and Flora Protection Act. Government needs to establish a special law containg the win-win relief strategy not only for farmers of breeding bears, but international corresponding policy. So, we have reviewed the domestic status and international trends on breeding bears, and suggest the alternative strategies of the policy such as a bear park, a bear village, use of species recovery center, use of a preservation organization. This policy should be accompanied with more detailed fact analysis, management agency, well equipped welfare facility and financial preparation for proper management of breeding bears against changing international trends on wildlife conservation.

Investigations and Analyses of Duck Breeding Facilities in Jeollanam-do Province, Korea (전남지역 오리 사육시설 실태 조사 및 분석)

  • Kwon, Kyeong-seok;Yang, Kayoung;Kim, Jong-bok;Kim, Jung-kon;Jang, Donghwa;Choi, Sungmin;Lee, Sang-yeon
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.63 no.1
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2021
  • Number of duck and its breeding facilities have been steadily decreasing for financial and social issues in Korea. Therefore, the 'turning point' for duck industry is strongly demanded. In this study, the questionary survey was carried out to provide backgrounds for developing policy and technology for duck breeding farms. The questionary survey aimed to investigate the information of operation strategy of farm, ventilation, cooling and heating. The total number of survey respondents was 74. In case of facility type, 55.4% of respondents stated they used greenhouse type, 31.3% for winch-curtain type, and 2.7% for windowless type (mechanically ventilated facility). More than 85% of the facilities were using 'natural ventilation', it meant that these situation can restrict the not only environmental control but also the supply policy for 'smart farm' of the Government. 44.6% used the combination of the cross-ventilation method and roof-ventilation method for ventilation operation in summer season, and 31.1% followed only the cross-ventilation method. In case of winter season, 36.5% used the cross-ventilation method, and 33.3% used the combination of cross and roof-ventilation, method. For the ventilation strategy, about 86.5% depended on farmer's experience. In case of heating and cooling, 79.7% were using kerosene heater for winter season, and 43.2% were using mist-spray for summer season, respectively. More than 75% stated that cooling and heating strategies were based on farmer's experience. From the analyses of the survey results, a few proposals for developing policy and technology for duck breeding farm was suggested.