• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.5
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• pp.567-571
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• 2007

This study was conducted to clarify the differences in breeding bird communities between deciduous forests of Gwangneung and Mt. Namsan areas from April to August 2006. Two 10ha area were selected for territory mapping of breeding bird community in both study area. The DBH distribution of trees and average foliage profiles were significantly different between study areas. Also, breeding bird communities were different. Number of breeding species and pairs, breeding density, and bird species diversity were higher in Gwangneung area than in Mt. Namsan area. When examining relationship between forest habitat structure and bird community, Number of bird species and breeding pairs belonged to hole and canopy guild were increase as the increase of coverstory coverage and number of large trees. Therefore, it is necessary to make vertical structure more various to plant bushes, and to make DBH distribution more diverse for enhancing bird species diversity in the degraded ecosystem.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.5
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• pp.580-584
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• 2006

This study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of breeding bird communities between deciduous and coniferous forests from April to June 2005 in Mt. Namsan, Seoul, Korea. Two 10ha areas were selected for territory mapping of breeding bird communities. Number of breeding bird species, pairs,density and bird species diversity index were higher in deciduous forest with increasing amount of foliage in the forest profile or as forest structures developed compared with coniferous forest. The number of in coniferous forest. The differences in habitat structure between both study areas are very likely to have influenced how breeding birds used the available habitat. Forest structure and its interactions with birds should be consideration in forest management for birds and their habitat.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.287-293
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• 2011

Analysing companion species from unrelated taxa concentrated so far mainly on identifying biosurrogacy in terms of conservation biology. No study has investigated companion bird and plant species to predict breeding and migrant habitats of a bird genus. In this study we recorded and analysed companion bird and plant species of the breeding bird Cyprus Wheatear Oenanthe cypriaca and four migranting Oenanthe species on Cyprus. We found characteristic companion species in Cyprus Wheatear's, Wheatear migrant's and in control habitats where no Wheatears were present. We show that plant and bird companion species can be used as discriminating factors to predict breeding and migrant habitats of the genus Oenanthe on Cyprus. Furthermore, habitat preferences of Cyprus Wheatear's companion species indicate bushy and vegetation rich habitats avoiding woodland on the one hand and managed farmland on the other hand. In comparison, migrant Wheatear and control habitats were characterised by companion species pointing to a high openness. These results support former habitat descriptions of Cyprus Wheatear and migrant Wheatears. In more general, this study shows that companion species from unrelated taxa can be used to predict breeding and migrant habitats of a bird genus.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of trails on breeding bird community by territory mapping method from April to August 1999 in Chirisan National Park. Twenty-five bird species were observed and 18 bird species bred in 4 study sites. Thirteen species bred in Imgullyung site 14 species in Imgullyung trail site 14 species in the Nogodan site and 15 species in the Nogodan trail site. There were bred 62.0 pairs of birds in the Imgullyung site 55.0 pairs in the Imgullyung trail site 36.5 pairs in the Nogodan site and 36.5 pairs in the Nogodan trail site in the breeding season 1999. There were no differences in breeding bird communities among 4 sites. The nesting and foraging guild structures were similar among 4 sites. It seems that trails do not influences on the breeding bird community becasuse the canopy layer was similair and connected and understory vegetation was developed around the trails. It would be needed the maintenance and management of canopy layer and understory vegetation for the protection and management of bird communities around the trails.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2018

Breeding bird surveys provide the reference information for understanding bird community structure and function in the ecosystem and conserving biodiversity. Recent rapid change of biodiversity due to climate change and other factors has made it necessary to utilize acoustic sensors for accuracy and spatial expansion of forest bird survey data and for time-series monitoring of forest birds. The objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of using acoustic recording sensor to evaluate the diversity of forest birds at breeding season by comparing and analyzing the recorded data of bird songs and field bird survey data. We conducted the site survey and recording in 186 points in 48 areas of 4 regions of Gombaeryeong and Jochimryeong around Jeombongsan Mountain and Jugryeong and Gochiryeong around Sobaeksan Mountain from May 2nd to 16th in 2013. The analysis of the correlation between the recording result and Bird Community Index based on the field survey showed that the number of bird species, population, and the number of bird songs by recording was significantly correlated to the number of species and population by field survey. Moreover, the number of bird species and the number of bird songs by recording showed a significant correlation to species diversity and species richness but no or low significant correlation to species evenness by the field study (observation and listing in parallel). As a result, it was possible to check species composition and species diversity of bird communities by analyzing acoustic recording data on the field. The acoustic recordings of bird songs in the breeding period were more reliable than the non-breeding period in the correlation of recording result and species diversity and for utilization.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.332-337
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• 2008

This study was conducted to clarify the differences in bird communities in breeding season between coniferous forests of Mt. Namsan and Gwangneung areas from April to August 2006. We chose a study site of 10ha in size for territory mapping of breeding bird community in each area. There were significant difference in DBH distribution of trees and average foliage profiles between both study areas. Number of breeding species and pairs, breeding density, and bird species diversity were higher in Gwangneung area than in Mt. Namsan area. Number of bird species and breeding pairs belonged to hole and canopy guild were different between both study areas. The difference in breeding bird communities between both study areas may be related with forest structure. For the protection and management of birds, greater structural complexity would be needed in Mt. Namsan area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2001

Changes in breeding bird community and forest structure by thinning were investigated from April 1997 to August 1998 in 10ha ($400{\times}250m$) of temperate mixed hardwood forest in Mt. Gariwang which is located in National Forest, Pyoungchang, Kangwon Province, Korea. Bird community was surveyed by the territory mapping method and forest structure was done by analyzing the vertical structure of foliage, distribution of diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees and tree species composition. After the thinning, tree density, number of tree species and basal area were decreased from 195ea/ha, 18 species and 6.69 $m^2/ha$ into 100ea/ha, 13 species and 3.04 $m^2/ha$, respectively. Foliage coverages in upper and mid layer were decreased, but coverage in low layer was increased. Large trees (Over 40cm of DBH) were decreased. Number of breeding bird species and pairs were decreased from 14 species and 23 pairs into 8 species and 12 pairs after the thinning. Number of breeding pairs of Yellow-breasted bunting Emberiza elegans incresed. There were decrease in number of species in hole & bush-nesting and canopy & bush-foraging guild. The results suggested that the thinning affect the species composition of breeding bird community and the forest structure. Changes of habitat structure might influence in breeding bird's density, species diversity and habitat using pattern of breeding bird community.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2003

This study was conducted to clarify the influence of national road construction on breeding bird community from April to June 2002 in 8 fragmented forest areas of Baekdudaegan mountain ranges, Korea. There were more observed birds in 50∼100m areas than in 50m areas from road. Guild structures were different between both areas. Number of species and individuals belong to hole nesting and canopy foraging guilds were lower in 50m areas than in 50∼100m areas from roads. Habitat structure of breeding bird community would be changed by road construction.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.32-35
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• 2009

A new poinsettia cultivar "Early bird" was bred by the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS) in 2007. A cross was made between 'Ichiban', a variety with deep lobed transitional leaves and bright red bracts, and 'Freedom Red', a vigorously growing dark red colored variety in 2004. "Early bird" was finally selected in 2007 after the investigation of the growth and flower characteristics from 2005 to 2007. "Early bird" has bright red colored, wide obovate bracts. Leafblade is dark green and ovate. Plant height is short and stem color is greenish. Response to short day is early and its bracts and transitional leaves are fully colored 6.5 weeks after short day commencement.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.1
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• pp.109-114
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• 2020

In this study, the elevational distribution of breeding birds in Seoraksan National Park, Korea was investigated. Forty-six species of birds were documented from line transect surveys taken from Seorakdong at 230 m above sea level (a.s.l.) to the Daechungbong summit at 1708 m asl. Birdspecies richness and diversity were highest in Seorakdong and lowest at the Daechungbong summit. As elevation increased, bird species richness and diversity decreased, with a humped-shape trend being observed between 700 m and 1200 m a.s.l. Stepwise analyses revealed that breeding bird species diversity indices were significantly negatively correlated with elevation (r² = 0.327, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with vegetational coverage (r² = 0.324, P = 0.046). Higher elevations supported fewer birds than low and intermediate elevations. Projections at the local scale, including data on behavior and habitat use by birds, will be necessary for optimal conservation and management of the bird communities in Seoraksan National Park.