• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2015

PURPOSE: This study compared the effects of chest expansion resistance exercise (CERE) and breathing retraining (BRT) on stroke patients' chest expansion and maximal inspiratory pressure(MIP), thereby intending to present an effective intervention method for enhancing their respiratory functions. METHODS: The subjects were 30 stroke patients and randomly and equally assigned to a CERE group (10), a BRT group (10), and a control group (10). The intervention was applied to each group five times per week, 30 minutes per each time, for six weeks. A tapeline was used to measure upper and lower chest expansion and MIP prior to and after the intervention and the results were compared. RESULTS: After the intervention, the upper and lower chest expansion was considerable in the CERE group (p<.01), significant in the BRT group (p<.05) but was not significant in the control group (p>.05). According to the post-hoc test result, the upper and lower chest of the CERE group and the BRT group significantly expanded compared to that of the control group (p<.05) and the upper and lower chest of the CERE group statistically significantly expanded relative to that of the BRT group (p<.05). According to the MIP evaluation result, the CERE group saw considerable improvement (p<.01) and the BRT group underwent significant changes (p<.05), but there were no significant changes in the control group (p>.05). The post-hoc test result was that the CERE group and the BRT group saw significant improvement compared to the control group (p<.05) and the CERE group experienced statistically significant enhancement relative to the BRT group (p<.05). CONCLUSION: As an intervention for respiratory function improvement, CERE is considered effective for strengthening respiratory muscles and promoting chest expansion through manual resistance by a therapist.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.383-388
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• 2021

Air-breathing engines used in aircraft have a performance limit as the altitude increases, and this determines the service and absolute ceiling altitude. The method of maintaining altitude and speed in a fixed-wing aircraft in level flight using classical control method is generally using thrust for speed increase/deceleration and pitch attitude for altitude increase/decrease. If this method is used near the service ceiling altitude, increasing the pitch to reduce the altitude error results in a speed reduction. Therefore, it is necessary to use a control method that maintains the speed first using the pitch attitude. Especially in the case of unmanned aerial vehicles, these two methods should be automatically available at the right time. In this paper, we propose a method of switching the speed and altitude maintenance algorithm near service ceiling altitude.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.183-192
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of postural correction training on pulmonary function on 28 college students suspected of turtle neck syndrome, and the following conclusions were obtained. Methods : Turtle neck syndrome suspicion 28 person were randomly divided into a posture training group (n = 14) and group that does not perform posture training (n = 14). Respiratory function was measured by SPIROVIT SP-1 and respiratory gas analyzer. The posture training group performed balloon blowing and stair climbing after 20 minutes of posture training, and the group without posture training carried out balloon blowing training and stair climbing. Five times a week and for two weeks. Results : 1. The comparison of the FVC before and after experiments caused by balloon blowing showed a higher level of effortful pulmonary function in the control group than in the experimental group. 2. Comparison of PEFs before and after the experiment by balloon blowing showed that the experimental group's peak flow rate was higher than that of the control group. 3. Comparison of the FIVC before and after experiments with balloon blowing showed that the comparison of the FIVC showed a higher level of effortless intake pulmonary function in the control group than in the experimental group. 4. The comparison of the maximum ventilation volume(VE) before and after the experimental gas measurement showed that the maximum ventilation rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. 5. The comparison of pre-test and post-test heart rate(HR) by breath gas measurement showed that the heart rate of the control group was higher than that of the experimental group. Conclusion : the results of this study showed that postural correction training, balloon blowing training, and stair climbing could have a positive impact on improving pulmonary function. However, the two-week experiment conducted five times a week showed an increase in pulmonary function, but it was difficult to see the effect due to the short study period. Therefore, it is hoped that later studies will be conducted more systematically on the effects of breathing exercises on improving pulmonary function after post-postural correction training for patients with pulmonary function problems.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.126-133
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• 2020

This study was conducted with a randomized control group pretest-posttest study design to investigate the effects of a combined arts education program combining choral and respiratory training on the respiratory function, stress, and quality of life of university students. Twenty-five university students were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=13) who participated in the combined arts education program and the control group (n=12) who participated in the general arts education program. As a result, there was a significant difference in the lung capacity, respiratory strength, stress and quality of life scale before and after the experiment in the experimental group (p<0.05). In addition, the results of the rest of the tests showed significant differences (p<0.05), except for the result FEV1. Through the results of this study, the combined art education program that combines chorus and breathing training will be beneficial as a program to improve stress reduction, breathing function and quality of life of university students.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.435-448
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• 2022

Objectives: As the time spent wearing masks has increased with spread of COVID-19, various research related to masks have been reported. However, there are still few experiments on the physiological response of the body to wearing industrial dust masks in South Korea. Considering the actual working hours at the work site, it is necessary to investigate the comfort of industrial dust masks. Therefore, this study aims to confirm the change in subjective discomfort level according to the wearing time for industrial dust masks in South Korea that have been certified for safety by KCS. Methods: This study evaluated subjective discomfort level over four hours. The experimental conditions were five types: not worn (control group), special grade, first grade, second grade (with valve), and second grade (without valve). The subjective discomfort levels were classified for breathing, warmth (body and face) and wetness (body and face). Subjects recorded their discomfort level on a checklist every one hour. Results: In special grade and second grade (without valve), the discomfort level in terms of breathing, warmth (face), and wetness (face) was significantly higher than that of the control group. However, the effects of all kinds of industrial dust masks on the discomfort level in the body were low. Conclusions: Since this study was conducted on subjects working in an office with a comfortable working environment, it is difficult to apply it to workers at actual industrial sites. However, it is considered meaningful as the first clinical study to evaluate the subjective level of discomfort over a long time for domestic industrial dust masks that have been certified for safety by KCS.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.328-335
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of exercise therapy on joint mobility, daily activity. pain and depression of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. 25 persons with the experimental group and 25 persons with the control group were conveniently sampled among out-patients diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis at the rheumatism center of H University Medical Center. The control patients were matched to the experimental group and they were selected considering sex and age. The exercise therapy was developed by the author with the assistance of exercise specialists. The program includes muscle relaxation, flexibility, muscle strengths, breathing strengths and straight posture exercises. The 20-minute exercise therapy was carried out to the experimental group once a day for eight weeks from October. 1997 to February, 1998. Before and after the experiments, joint mobility, daily activity, pain and depression were measured respectively. Data were analyzed by $\chi$$^2$-test. t-test, paired t-test and unpaired t-test. The results were as follows : Joint mobility(cervical flexion, extension, shoulder flexion, abduction, hip abduction, knee flexion and fingertip to floor distance) and daily activity in the experimental group after the exercise were significantly increased than that in the control group. The pain and depression score in the experimental group after the exercise were significantly decreased than that in the control group. These findings may indicate that the exercise therapy is effective in increasing the joint mobility and daily activity, and also effective in decreasing pain and depression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, Accordingly, the exercise therapy can be adopted as an effective nursing intervention for ankylosing spondylitis.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.13-21
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• 2018

Background: After a stroke, the patient may have abnormal muscle tone due to abnormal alignment. Physical therapists have used stretching, neural mobilization other methods to treat patients after stroke. In addition, joint mobilization is also used to stimulation in pathway of cervical segmental region and to normal cervical spine alignment. Objects: The purpose of this study was to determine whether Maitland cervical spine mobilization has an immediate effect on muscle tone and stiffness of upper extremity. Methods: Thirty subjects were divided into a experimental group ($n_1=10$), a placebo group ($n_2=10$), and a control group ($n_3=10$). The Maitland cervical spine mobilization was applied in the supine position. Immediately after the intervention, muscle tone and stiffness of biceps brachii, brachioradialis, deltoid, and pectoralis major were measured using Myoton(R)PRO. In the placebo group, sham mobilization was applied to the fifth and sixth cervical vertebra, and the control group was instructed to control breathing. Results: In the experimental group, significant differences were found in muscle tone and stiffness of biceps brachii and brachioradialis in comparison with the affected side and the non-affected side before the intervention (p<.05), whereas there was no significant difference after the intervention (p>.05). Muscle tone of biceps brachii on the non-affected side and pectoralis major on the affected side was significantly decreased before and after the intervention (p<.05). The placebo and control group showed no changes on the non-affected and affected side, and no significant differences were detected before and after the intervention. All the groups revealed no significant differences in muscle tone and stiffness of upper extremity before and after the intervention. Conclusion: This study suggests that the application of Maitland cervical spine mobilization enhanced muscle tone of upper extremity on the involved side symmetrically, and influenced a decrease in muscle tone.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.795-801
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to find out an inspiratory muscles training program's therapeutic effects on stroke patients' respiratory function. For the purpose, this study targeted 20 stroke patients being hospitalized in K hospital in Daegu, and diveded the patients into the both groups of Inspiratory muscle training(IMT) group and control group, randomization. The 10 patients in the IMT group was applied the inspiratory muscles training. The control group was composed of other 10 patients. IMT group was given a inspiratory muscle training program for 30 minutes per times, 5 times a week for 6 weeks. The investigator measured the patients' respiratory function compared changes in the function and ability before and after the IMT. The results of this study are as follows. Investigating the inspiratory muscle training group's lung functions, there appeared some significant differences in the tests the FVC(Forced vital capacity), FEV1(Forced expired volume in one second) before and after the training(p<.05), but the control group had no significant in the same tests before and after(p<.05). The differences in the both groups after depending the inspiratory muscles training were significantly found in the tests of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC(p<.05). The maximum inspiratory pressure showed some significant differences in the inspiratory muscle training group(p<.05), but didn't show any significant difference in the control group(p>.05). Conclusionally, it will be judged that the inspiratory muscles training program will improve stroke patients' respiratory function, and it is considered that will move up stroke patients' gait and body function.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2022

Background and Objectives Cough suppression therapy (CST) is a physiotherapy that can be used for patients with chronic refractory cough (CRC). We aimed to investigate the efficacy of CST for CRC. Materials and Method A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in 27 patients with CRC. Participants were randomized to receive either standard mucolytic medications for CRC combined with supplemental CST (CST group) or standard medications alone (control group). CST consists of laryngeal hygiene management, humidification, cough suppression technique, breathing method, and counseling. We assessed the symptoms change at baseline and week 4 with the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ). Secondary efficacy outcomes included the degree of cough Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score (0 to 100 scale). Results From 2019 to 2021, 14 CST group patients and 13 control group patients were included. The improvement was significantly greater in the CST group than in the control group for cough VAS score (36.67 to 13.33 vs. 74.29 to 16.43, p<0.001). Patients in the CST group had a significant improvement in total (70.14 to 107.71, p=0.005), physical (31.42 to 43.86, p=0.015), psychological (23.57 to 40.14, p=0.003), and social (15.14 to 23.71, p=0.005) LCQ scores. However, there was not a significant pre- to post-treatment LCQ score improvement in control group. Conclusion CST might be an effective supplemental intervention for CRC.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2000

Background: Recent studies suggested that a preoperative block of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors with NMDA antagonists may reduce postoperative pain. In this double-blind study, magnesium sulfate, a natural NMDA receptor antagonist, was administered preoperatively to investigate the effects of magnesium sulfate on postoperative pain and pulmonary function. Methods: Seventy patients who were to undergo gastrectomy under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Groups 2 and 3 received intravenous magnesium, preoperatively (Group 2: 50 mg/kg bolus, 7.5 mg/kg/hr for 20 hr, Group 3: 50 mg/kg bolus, 15 mg/kg/hr for 20 hr). Group 1 received normal saline as the control group. Visual analog scale (VAS) for postoperative pain and mood, cumulative analgesic consumption, recovery of pulmonary function and side effects were evaluated at 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the operation. Results: In Groups 2 and 3, plasma concentration of magnesium were significantly higher than in Group 1 at 6 and 20 hours after infusion (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the analgesic consumption, and recovery of pulmonary function and the incidence of side effects at 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the operation among the three groups. In Group 3, pain scores at rest measured 24 and 48 hours after operation were lower than the control group, and pain scores when deep breathing were significantly lower than the control group at postoperative 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Conclusions: We conclude that intravenous infusion of greater amount of magnesium has little effectiveness in reducing postoperative pain. However, further studies are needed to characterize the clinical significance of these effects on postoperative pain.