• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.477-484
• /
• 2002

Ninety pre-puberal (6-7 months) female and 15 pre-puberal male Black Bengal goats were collected on the basis of their phenotypic characteristics from different parts of Bangladesh. Goats were reared under semi-intensive management, in permanent house. The animals were vaccinated against Peste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR), drenched with anthelmentics and deeped in 0.5% Melathion solution. They were allowed to graze 6-7 h along with supplemental concentrate and green forages. Concentrates were supplied either 200-300 g/d (low level feeding) or quantity that supply NRC (1981) recommended nutrient (high level of feeding). Different physiological, productive and reproductive characteristics of the breed were recorded. At noon (temperature=$95^{\circ}F$ and light intensity=60480 LUX) rectal temperature and respiration rate of adult male and female increased from 100.8 to $104.8^{\circ}F$ and 35 to 115 breath/min, indicated a heat stress situation. Young female attain puberty at an average age and weight of 7.2$\pm$0.18 months and 8.89$\pm$0.33 kg respectively. Mean age and weight at 1st kidding were 13.5$\pm$0.49 months and 15.3$\pm$0.44 kg respectively. It required 1.24-1.68 services per conception with an average gestation length of 146 days. At low level of feeding the postpartum estrus interval was 37$\pm$2.6 days, which reduced (p<0.05) with high feeding level to 21$\pm$6.9 days. Kidding interval also reduced (p<0.05) from 192 d at low feeding level to 177 d at high feeding level. On an average there were two kiddings/doe/year. Average litter sizes in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th parity were 1.29, 1.71, 1.87 and 2.17 respectively. Birth weights of male and female kids were 1.24 and 1.20 kg respectively, which increased (p<0.05) with better feeding. Although kid mortality was affected (p<0.05) by dam's weight at kidding, birth weight of kid, milk yield of dam, parity of kidding, season of birth, but pre-netal dam's nutrition found to be the most important factor. Kid mortality reduced from 35% at low level of feeding to 6.5% at high level of feeding of dam during gestation. Apparently, this was due to high (p<0.05) average daily milk yield (334 vs. 556 g/d) and heavier and stronger kid at birth at high feeding level.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.1247-1251
• /
• 2012

Background: Helicobacter pylori is an important gastrointestinal pathogen related to the development of not only atrophic gastritis and peptic ulcer, but also gastric cancer. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) may play particular roles in host immune responses to bacterial antigens. This study aimed to investigate the association between HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 genotypes and haplotypes vs H. pylori infection in an Indonesian population. Methods: We selected 294 healthy participants in Mataram, Lombok Island, Indonesia. H. pylori infection was determined by urea breath test (UBT). We analyzed HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 genotypes by PCR-RFLP and constructed haplotypes of HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 genes. Multiple comparisons were conducted according to the Bonferroni method. Results: The H. pylori infection rate was 11.2% in this Indonesian population. The DQB1*0401 genotype was noted to be associated with a high risk of H. pylori infection, compared with the DQB1*0301 genotype. None of the HLA-DQA1 or DQB1 haplotypes were related to the risk of H. pylori infection. Conclusions: The study suggests that HLADQB1 genes play important roles in H. pylori infection, but there was no statistically significant association between HLA-DQA1 or DQB1 haplotypes and H.pylori infection in our Lombok Indonesian population.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권9호
• /
• pp.4469-4475
• /
• 2016

Indonesia is a developing country, in most of which the infection rates of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) have been reported to be high. However, the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Indonesia has been unexpectedly reported to be low. The purpose of our study was to confirm whether the prevalence of H. pylori infection is low among healthy inhabitants in Northern Jakarta by 13C-urea breath test (UBT), and to examine the association of their lifestyle/environmental factors with H. pylori infection and to identify potential routes of transmission. We recruited a total of 196 subjects from a low-income community in Northern Jakarta, Indonesia. Of them, 193 subjects who completed a questionnaire about their lifestyle/environment and had UBT were included in this study. Odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for sex and age with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression model. The overall H. pylori infection rate was 15.0%. There was difference in H. pylori infection rates among Buginese (40.0%), Betawi (9.1%), Sundanese (3.7%), and Batak (9.1%). After multivariate analysis, the ORs of intake of soybean milk, cucumber more than one time a week, infrequent hand washing before meals, and alcohol consumption were 0.10 (95%CI: 0.01-0.97), 6.61 (95%CI: 1.87-23.3), 4.10 (95%CI: 1.15-14.6), and 61.9 for former drinkers (95%CI: 1.67-2300.8), respectively. Buginese (OR=7.84; 95%CI: 1.82-33.8) and Batak ethnic groups (OR=20.1; 95%CI: 1.90-213.2) were infected more frequently, compared with Javanese. The H. pylori infection rate in this study was low, as reported previously. After we scrutinized the factors, Buginese and Batak ethnic groups eat food using fingers more frequently than Javanese, Betawi, and Sundanese. In addition, infrequent hand wash practice before meal increased the risk. Our study indicated that person-person transmission was possible in this low prevalence area. The low infection rates of H. pylori among those of Javanese, Betawi, and Sundanese ethnicity could be partly due to sanitary practice.

• 교육녹색환경연구
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.66-90
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to measure and analyze primary causes of indoor air pollution, including carbon dioxide, minute dust, and total volatile organic compounds, for each room before the beginning of a class through the time of discharge after the end of the class in general classrooms, computer rooms, and science rooms of three newly-established schools that opened in 2006, examine properties of indoor air environment in each room by educational activities at school, and determine effective management schemes; the results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) As for implications for each item found in the mean for each place, since minute dust (PM10) was more likely to occur in time slots full of students' activities, such as a traveling class and a recess, than in the middle of a class and could be expected fully, it is necessary to make a scheme for cleaning in order to reduce minute dust within a room, for example, by usually using a vacuum cleaner indoors. 2) While carbon dioxide was expected to vary with the differences in the amount of breath between higher-graders and lower-graders in a general classroom but showed insignificant difference by grades, showing differences in pollution by four times at a maximum according to the opening of a window as expected, it is necessary to implement artificial or natural ventilation and take a positive measure, for example, by presenting a concrete ventilation scheme, in order to improve indoor air pollution at a room practice. 3) Total volatile organic compounds were found to exceed the standard by more than twice in general classrooms, science rooms, and computer rooms of the schools because of building materials, furnitures including desks and chairs, panels and boards for environment beautification, and items which could be detected even from students' clothes; while a field directly-reading tool was used, obtaining high reliability for the results, it is necessary to apply an analytical method based on process test separately for actual correct measurement if a significantly great amount of total volatile organic compounds appear as compared with other schools due to measuring expenses and consecutive measurements. 4) Since formaldehyde (HCHO) was generally found to exceed the standard in general classrooms, science rooms, and computer rooms, it is necessary to establish and operate a ventilator during a class in a computer room which requires airtightness and a science room in which an organic compound should be used for a class.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.824-835
• /
• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was identified about oral health status and oral health needs of elderly. Moreover this study would be based further research of development of oral health in elderly. Methods : This study was undertaken to determine the oral health status and the need of oral management of over 65years elderly who were with dental prosthesis in elderly welfare center and Kyung Ro Dong in Kyung Bok and Kyung Nam. The results were as follows. Results : The sample was 200 participants. The demographical characteristic were that 74.0% of participant was female, 29.0% of participant was 75~79 years old, 42.5% of participant was under elementary, and 45.5% of participant was living alone. 43.7% of participant was pain from muscle-skeletal disease, 37.1% of participant was cardiac-vascular disease, and 31.1% of participant was ophthalmic disease. In oral health status, 54.5% of participant was partly artificial tooth and 45% of participant was whole artificial tooth. 78.0% of participant used under 10 years with partly artificial tooth and only 27.4% were satisfaction with artificial tooth. 83.5% of participant used under 10 years with whole artificial tooth and only 26.4% were satisfaction with artificial tooth. In the oral health status of partly artificial tooth, the average of toothbrush was 2 times, 42.2%. The majority method of toothbrush was 'their own freely' 55.0%. The time of toothbrush was 'after meal' 81.8%. The study result showed that majority participant didn't experience of tongue brush, regular examination, scaling, and oral health education. In the need of oral management with the whole artificial tooth, the participant who used longer artificial tooth was significantly higher about artificial irrigation and the method of management(p<.05). The need of participant who answered 'don't gum massage', was higher of xerostomia treatment(p<.01) and halitosis treatment(p<.05). In the need of oral management with the partly artificial tooth, the participant who used longer artificial tooth was significantly higher about regular examination(p<.01), oral cavity massage(p<.05), scaling(p<.05), dental caries treatment(p<.01). The need of participant who answered 'don't satisfaction with artificial tooth' was higher of regular examination and scaling(p<.05). Conclusions : Oral management needs of elderly who kept artificial tooth or denture required were regular dental examination, xerostomia management, management of artificial tooth and irrigation, and management of bad breath. This results meaned the oral health intervention program for elderly was developed regularly.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.115-126
• /
• 2006

Background and Objectives : Training of breath support and laryngeal muscles control are important components in the development of the singing voice. The purpose of this study is to compare characteristics of respiratory and phonatory control on pitch, loudness, register change with untrained males and trained male singers. Materials and Methods : The 11 untrained males and 11 trained male singers participated. Closed Quotient(CQ), fundamental frequency (fo) and relative volume contribution of the rib cage (in percentage rib cage, % RC) and relative volume contribution of abdomen (in percentage abdomen, % AB) were measured during various pitch, loudness, register tasks using /a/ vowel phonation : Legato, staccato with C3-D3-E3-F3-G3 notes and crescendo and decrescendo with C3 note as well as modal register with C3 and falsetto register with C4 note using an integrated analysis system of Respiration, EGG and Voice. Results : (1) When pitch increased with legato task, loudness also increased in untrained male group but maintained in trained male singers. CQ was also increased both untrained and trained male singers but it was not significantly different ($p>.05$). The abdomen contribution to lung volume were significantly predominant both in inhalation and exhalation in trained males singers ($p<.05$). (2) When pitch increased with staccato task, CQ was not significantly different in untrained but significantly different in trained male singers. The respiratory function of male singers were characterized by significantly predominant abdomen contribution to lung volume in exhalation except for inhalation ($p<.05$) (3) When loudness increased with crescendo, fo was significantly increased with increasing CQ in untrained males but fo was relatively consistent with increasing CQ in trained male singers. The respiratory function of male singers were characterized by significantly predominant abdomen contribution to lung volume in exhalation except for inhalation ($p<.05$). (4) Most male singers were able to change register from modal to falsetto register, but untrained males were not. Thus, CQ was significantly different between modal and falsetto register in trained male singers ($p<.05$). The respiratory function of male singers were characterized by significantly predominant abdomen contribution to lung volume in exhalation except for inhalation ($p<.05$). Conclusion : Male singers were superior to untrained males in coordination of respiratory and phonatory control on pitch, loudness, register change. Implication are offered regarding how the results might be applied to the voice therapy as well as singing training.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제57권6호
• /
• pp.604-608
• /
• 2004

외인성 지방성 폐렴은 흔한 질환은 아니지만 동물성, 식물성 및 광물성 지방 물질이 원인이 될 수 있으며 발견된 예보다 훨씬 빈도가 많을 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 자세한 병력 청취로 원인 물질에 대한 노출을 우선 확인하여 지방성 폐렴을 의심하는 것이 선행되어야 한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권14호
• /
• pp.6089-6092
• /
• 2015

Background: The prevalence of metronidazole-resistant H. pylori is almost 50% in Thailand which severely limits the use of this drug for eradication therapy. The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and safety profiles of 7-day bismuth-based quadruple therapy including metronidazole as an initial treatment for H. pylori infection in a high metronidazole resistance area. Materials and Methods: This study was performed at Thammasat University Hospital and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital during January 2009 to October 2010. Patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) with active H. pylori infection were assigned to receive seven days of quadruple therapy (pantoprazole 40 mg bid, bismuth subsalicylate 1,048 mg bid, amoxicillin 1 gm bid and metronidazole 400 mg tid). H. pylori infection was defined as positive H. pylori culture or two positive tests (rapid urease test and histology). Antibiotic susceptibility test for metronidazole by Epsilometer test (E-test) was performed in all positive cultures. At least four weeks after treatment, $^{13}C$ urea breath test ($^{13}C-UBT$) was performed to confirm H. pylori eradication. Results: A total of 114 patients were enrolled in this study, 50 males and 64 females with a mean age of 49.8 years. All 114 patients had a diagnosis of NUD. Overall eradication as confirmed by negative $^{13}C-UBT$ was achieved in 94 out of 114 patients (82.5%). 44 patients had positive cultures and success for E-test. In vitro metronidazole resistance was observed in 22/44 (50%) patients. Eradication rate in patients with metronidazole resistant strains was 16/22 (72.7%) and 20/22 (90.1%) with metronidazole sensitive strains (72.7% vs 90.1%, p-value=0.12; OR=3.75 [95%CI=0.6-31.5]). Minor adverse reactions included nausea, bitter taste, diarrhea and black stools but none of the patients dropped out from the study. Conclusions: Initial treatment with 7-day bismuth-based quadruple therapy including metronidazole, amoxycillin and pantoprazole is highly effective and well tolerated for metronidazole-sensitive H. pylori infections. However, the efficacy markedly decline with metronidazole resistance. Longer duration of this regimen might be required to improve the eradication rate and larger multi-center studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.103-109
• /
• 1970

1969년 6월부터 1970넌 4월까지의 사이에 경남 거제군 둔덕면 법동리 앞바다에서 수하식으로 양식하고 있는 진주담치에 대해 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 진주담치의 산란 성기는 $3\~4$월 사이라고 생각된다. 2. 진주담치의 성장식은 $$Y\;=\;1.508+0.659X-0.0559X^2+0.00367X^3$$으로 표시할 수 있고 특히 6월과 10월의 성장이 빠른 편이다. 3. 성장에 따라서 각군의 분산도 차차 커지는데 이 결과는 다음에서 보는 바와 같다. 4. 진주담치의 수명은 1년 6개월 내외로서 탈락 시기는 8월부터 10월 사이이다. 따라서 7월 이전에 수확해야 한다. 5. 진주담치의 최대 크기는 각고 9.48cm, 각장 4.49cm, 각폭 3.55cm, 각중량 22.05g 및 육중량 19.25g 내외이다. 6. 상대성장식은 각각 다음과 같다. 각고에 대한 각장은 Y=0.486X+0.334 각고에 대한 각폭은 Y=0.359X+0.107 육중에 대한 각중은 Y=0.882X+0.901 각고에 대한 육중은 $$Y\;=\;0.02828X^{2.90518}$$

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제11권10호
• /
• pp.370-379
• /
• 2011

산업장 근로자의 구강보건교육 프로그램개발과 향후 근로자의 구강건강을 증진 유지할 수 있는 구강 보건사업 및 제도 개선에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 2009년 6월 1일부터 12월 31일까지 경북 구미시에 소재하는 49개 산업장에 근무하는 근로자 7,185명을 대상으로 치과의사 4인이 산업장을 직접 방문하여 인공조명하에서 치경과 핀셋, 탐침, 설압자를 이용하여 구강검사를 실시한 후 결손치 유무를 조사하였다. 또한 결손치에 영향을 미치는 문항은 구강검진문진표를 이용하여 조사하였고, 회수된 구강검사결과통보서 7,185개 중 응답내용이 부실한 209개를 제외한 6,976개의 자료를 SPSS 12.0으로 분석하였다. 연령층이 높은 경우, 치석제거를 받지 않은 경우, 치아우식증과 치주질환이 있는 경우, 과거에 흡연을 했거나 현재 흡연을 하고 있는 경우, 양치횟수가 적은 경우, 치아가 욱신한 경우, 잇몸에 통증 및 출혈과 혀 및 뺨이 욱신한 경우에 결손치율은 높았다. 근로자들의 구강건강을 증진 유지시켜 주기 위해서는 결손치의 원인인 치면세균막과 치석을 제거할 수 있는 스켈링의 유효성을 인지시켜, 스켈링의 경험률을 높여주고, 금연을 위한 보건교육프로그램을 개발해야 할 것이다. 또한 검진을 통한 충분한 상담과 교육을 통해 근로자들의 구강건강에 대한 의식을 고취시켜, 근로자의 구강건강을 유지하는데 실질적 도움이 되는 방향으로 개선 보완되어져야 할 것이다.