• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

LES(Large eddy simulation) of breakup and droplet atomization of a liquid jet into cross turbulent flow was performed. Two phase flow of gas and liquid phases were modeled by the mixed numerical scheme of both Eulerian and Lagrangian methods for gas and liquid droplet respectively. The breakup process of a liquid column and droplets was observed by implementing the blob-KH wave breakup model. The penetration depth into cross flow was comparable with experimental data for several variants of the liquid-gas momentum flux ratio by varying liquid injection velocity. SMD(Sauter Mean Diameter) distribution downstream of jet was analyzed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.97-104
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• 2006

The spray and breakup characteristics of swirling liquid sheet were investigated by measuring the spray angle and breakup length as the axial Weber number Wel was increased up to 1554 and the ambient gas pressure up to 4.0MPa. As Wel and ambient gas density increased, the disturbances on the annular liquid sheet surface were amplified by the increase of the aerodynamic forces, and thus the liquid sheet disintegrated near from the injector exit. The measured spray angles according to the ambient gas density were different before and after the sheet breaks. Before the liquid sheet breaks, the spray angle was almost constant, but once the liquid sheet started to breakup, the spray angle decreased. And the breakup length decreased because of the increase of the aerodynamic force as the ambient gas density and Wel increased. Lastly, the measured breakup length according to the ambient gas density and Wel was compared with the result by the linear instability theory. We found that the corrected linear instability theory considering the attenuation of sheet thickness agrees well with our experimental results.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2013

The empirical correlations for the prediction of breakup length of liquid jet in uniform cross flow are reviewed and classified in this study. The breakup length of liquid jets in cross flow was normally discussed in terms of the distances from the nozzle exit to the column breakup location in the x and y directions, called as column fracture distance and column fracture height, respectively. The empirical correlations for the prediction of column fracture distance can be classified as constant form, momentum flux ratio form, Weber number form and other parameter form, respectively. In addition, the empirical correlations for the prediction of column fracture height can be grouped as momentum flux ratio form, Weber number form and other parameter form, respectively. It can be summarized that the breakup length of liquid jet in a cross flow is a basically function of the liquid to air momentum flux ratio. However, Weber number, liquid-to-air viscosity ratio and density ratio, Reynolds number or Ohnesorge number were incorporated in the empirical correlations depending on the investigators. It is clear that there exist the remarkable discrepancies of predicted values by the existing correlations even though many correlations have the same functional form. The possible reasons for discrepancies can be summarized as the different experimental conditions including jet operating condition and nozzle geometry, measurement and image processing techniques introduced in the experiment, difficulties in defining the breakup location etc. The evaluation of the existing empirical correlations for the prediction of breakup length of liquid jet in a uniform cross flow is required.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.197-203
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• 2014

The liquid jet breakup has been studied in the areas such as aerosols, spray and combustion. The breakup depends on several physical parameters such as the jet velocity, the nozzle inner diameter, and the density ratio of the water to the jet. This paper deals with characteristics of the jet breakup according to the jet velocity and the nozzle diameter. In order to consider only hydrodynamic factors, all the experiments were conducted in non-boiling conditions. The jet behavior in the water pool was observed by high-speed camera and PIV technique. For the condition of the inner diameter of 6.95 mm and the jet velocity of 2.8 m/s, the debris size of 22 mm gave the largest mass fraction, 39%. For higher jet velocity of 3.1 m/s, the debris size of 14 mm gave the largest mass fraction, 36%. For the nozzle with inner diameter of 9.30 mm, the debris size distribution was different. For jet velocity of 2.8 m/s and 3.1 m/s, the debris size with the largest mass fraction was found to be 14 mm. It was identified that the debris size decreased as the diameter or the jet velocity increased.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 1998

The measurement of breakup length of viscous liquid jet in stagnant air was conducted by a 3CCD digital video camera. The nozzle diameters of 4, 6, 8mm with L/d=50 were selected and the dynamic viscosity of viscous liquid made of glycerine and water was in the range of $1.061\times10^{-6}m^2/s$ to $4.935\times10^{-5}m^2/s$. The critical velocity is decreased and the breakup length is increased with the increase of nozzle diameter at the same dynamic viscosity of liquid. At the same nozzle diameter, the breakup length and the critical velocity are both increased with the increase of dynamic viscosity of liquid. It is found in the theoretical analysis that the initial disturbance level is the main cause of occurrance of critical Reynolds number in the stability curve. The comparison of experimental critical Reynolds number and the empirical correlation by Tanasawa and Toyota reveals the relatively good agreement.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.21-28
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• 2014

The studies of the spray characteristics for a CRDI engine had been advancing by many researchers, because the performance and exhaust emission were significantly affected with the spray characteristics. But most experiments of the studies would be done at low ambient pressure conditions under 2MPa. In this study, injection rates were measured with Zeuch's method at various ambient pressures to 5MPa and a constant injection pressure of 130MPa. On the same conditions, non-evaporating spray images were taken with a high speed camera and analyzed carefully with Adobe Photoshop CS3. Macroscopic spray characteristics and breakup processes in the spray could be found from the examined and analyzed data. The initial injection rate, penetration, angle, velocity and breakup of the spray were practically affected with a variation of the ambient pressure, but the injection start time and injection period were scarcely affected. As the ambient pressure was higher, the breakup of a high density droplet region in the spray was happened slowly and the main position of breakup was shifted from a front of the spray to a upstream around a nozzle. The results and techniques of spray visualization and injection rate measurement in this study would be practically effective to study a high pressure diesel spray for a CRDI.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2015.12a
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• pp.213-214
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• 2015

Breakup and ignition of single droplet were experimentally investigated using two independent Nd-YAG lasers. The emulsified fuel was made from n-dodecane and water while varying the relative volumetric fraction. As a result of visualization, breakup and ignition behaviors were dependent on the fraction. Luminosity from the secondary droplets increased as the water fraction decreased. Ignition did not occur below 80% of the n-dodecane fraction.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.157-164
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• 2003

An experimental and numerical study was performed to investigate the macroscopic and microscopic atomization characteristics of high-speed diesel spray issued from the common-rail injection system. For the experiments, spray visualization system and a phase Doppler particle analyzer system were utilized to obtain the spray atomization characteristics such as the process of spray development, spray tip penetration, and SMD distribution. In order to analyze the process of spray atomization with KIVA-3 code, the TAB breakup model is changed to the KH-DDB competition model, which assumes the competition between the wave instability and droplet deformation causes the droplet breakup above the breakup length. The calculated results were also compared with the experiments in terms of spray tip penetration and SMD distribution. The results provide the process of spray development, axial and radial distribution of SMD, and calculated overall SMD as a function of time after start of injection.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.22-30
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• 2002

A number of droplet breakup models have been developed to predict the diesel spray. The capabilities of droplet deformation and breakup models such as TAB, ETAB, DDB and APTAB models are evaluated in modeling the non-evaporating diesel sprays injected into atmosphere. New methods are also suggested that take into account the non- spherical shape of droplets and the reduced drag force by the presence of neighbouring droplets. The KIVA calculations with standard ETAB, DDB, and APTAB models predict well the spray tip penetrations of the experiment, but overestimate the Sauter mean Diameter(SMD) of droplets. The calculation with non spherical droplets injected from the nozzle shows very similar results to the calculation with spherical droplets. The drag coefficient which is linearly increased with the time after start of injection during the breakup time gives the smaller SMD that agrees well with the experimental result.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.41-49
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• 2004

Liquid breakup under the variation of AC frequency has been studied experimentally in the electrohydrodynamic atomization. The effect of parameters such as charging voltage, flow rate, nozzle tip inner diameter and power frequency have been considered. This work was performed to investigate the experimental analysis for the effect of AC frequency on breakup process, the mapping of occurrence of disintegration region, and the relationship between the applied power and the droplet radius. The experimental results show that the increase of applied voltage in a certain frequency band leads to a reduction in the droplet size within the limits from 50Hz to 400Hz. The transition phenomena from dripping mode to spindle mode were observed under the band of sudden fall of droplet radius changing ratio, and the synchronous region were produced within the range of applied voltage from 5kV to 6kV.